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Original article
Available online 19 March 2024
Surgeon experience in second-look transurethral resection of bladder cancer – a prospective study
La experiencia del cirujano en la re-resección transuretral (RE-RTU) del cáncer de vejiga: un estudio retrospectivo
C.N. Fernandesa,1,
Corresponding author
fernandes.claudia.med@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, L. Valea,b,1, J.V. Sousaa, T. Antunes-Lopesa,b, C.M. Silvaa,b, J. Silvaa,b
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de São João, Oporto, Portugal
b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
Received 12 September 2023. Accepted 11 October 2023
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Tables (3)
Table 1. First TURBT histopathologic characteristics present by number (N) and percentage.
Table 2. Second look TURBT characteristics description.
Table 3. Predictive values about the presence of residual disease in the 2nd look TURBT considering muscle invasiveness and tumoral grade, for resident and senior, presented in percentage and 95% confidence interval.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is crucial in the treatment of bladder tumors and when incorrectly performed can cause staging mistakes. To avoid these errors, a second resection is recommended in selected cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgeon's ability to predict histologically complete primary resection of newly diagnosed bladder tumors avoiding the need for a second TURBT.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational study involving 47 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed bladder tumors who had previously undergone primary TURBT, and met EAU criteria for second-look TURBT. Second-look TURBT specimens were analyzed for routine histological assessment and compared with the surgeon's impression of the tumor at initial resection.

Results

Of 91 patients submitted to primary TURBT, 47 met the criteria for second-look TURBT. Second-look specimens revealed residual disease in 20.9% of patients and 3 (6.4%) of patients showed upstaging disease. The sensitivity of a senior to detect disease on second-look TURBT in relation to muscle invasion was 75%, and the specificity was 85%.

Conclusions

Second-look TURBT is crucial in the treatment of bladder cancer and cannot be replaced by a surgeon's opinion, so international recommendations should be followed. Supervision of less experienced surgeons is a cornerstone.

Keywords:
Non-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms
Second-look surgery
Bladder detrusor muscle
Surgeon experience
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La resección transuretral del tumor vesical (RTUv) constituye un paso fundamental en el tratamiento de los tumores vesicales, ya que su incorrecta realización puede dar lugar a un estadiaje erróneo en estos pacientes. Para evitar estos errores, es recomendable realizar una segunda resección (re-RTU) en casos seleccionados. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la habilidad del cirujano para predecir que la primera resección del tumor de vejiga inicial está macroscópicamente completa, evitando la necesidad de una segunda RTUv (re-RTUv).

Métodos

Se trata de un estudio prospectivo observacional en el que participaron 47 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de tumor vesical inicial, sometidos previamente a una primera RTUv y que cumplían los criterios de la EAU para someterse a una re-RTU vesical. Se tomaron muestras de la re-RTUv para su análisis histológico habitual y los resultados se compararon con la valoración del cirujano sobre el tumor al realizar la resección inicial.

Resultados

De los 91 pacientes sometidos a la primera RTUv, 47 cumplían los criterios para una re-RTUv. En el 20,9% de los pacientes, las piezas de re-RTUv reportaron tumor residual y 3 (6,4%) de los pacientes habían sido infraestadiados en la primera resección. La sensibilidad los cirujanos senior para detectar la presencia de enfermedad en la re-RTUv según la afectación de la capa muscular fue del 75%, y la especificidad fue del 85%.

Conclusiones

La re-RTUv es crucial en el tratamiento del cáncer de vejiga y no puede sustituirse por la valoración del cirujano, por lo que deben seguirse las recomendaciones de las guías internacionales. La supervisión a los cirujanos menos experimentados es fundamental.

Palabras clave:
Tumor vesical no músculo-invasor
Segunda cirugía
Músculo detrusor de la vejiga
Experiencia del cirujano

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