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Journal Information
Vol. 66. Issue 1.
Pages 36-42 (January - February 2015)
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Vol. 66. Issue 1.
Pages 36-42 (January - February 2015)
Original article
Auditory Fatigue
Fatiga auditiva
Visits
1701
Julio Sanjuán Juaristi, Mar Sanjuán Martínez-Conde
Corresponding author
marsanjuan@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Unidad de Neurofisiología Experimental, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Given the relevance of possible hearing losses due to sound overloads and the short list of references of objective procedures for their study, we provide a technique that gives precise data about the audiometric profile and recruitment factor.

Our objectives were to determine the peripheral fatigue, through the cochlear microphonic response to sound pressure overload stimuli, as well as to measure recovery time, establishing parameters for differentiation with regard to current psychoacoustic and clinical studies.

Material and method

We used specific instruments for the study of cochlear microphonic response, plus a function generator that provided us with stimuli of different intensities and harmonic components. In Wistar rats, we first measured the normal microphonic response and then the effect of auditory fatigue on it.

Results

Using a 60dB pure tone acoustic stimulation, we obtained a microphonic response at 20dB. We then caused fatigue with 100dB of the same frequency, reaching a loss of approximately 11dB after 15min; after that, the deterioration slowed and did not exceed 15dB. By means of complex random tone maskers or white noise, no fatigue was caused to the sensory receptors, not even at levels of 100dB and over an hour of overstimulation.

Conclusions

No fatigue was observed in terms of sensory receptors. Deterioration of peripheral perception through intense overstimulation may be due to biochemical changes of desensitisation due to exhaustion. Auditory fatigue in subjective clinical trials presumably affects supracochlear sections. The auditory fatigue tests found are not in line with those obtained subjectively in clinical and psychoacoustic trials.

Keywords:
Auditory fatigue
Recruitment
Acoustic trauma
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Ante posibles pérdidas de audición a causa de sobrecargas sonoras y la escasa referencia de procedimientos objetivos para su estudio, aportamos una técnica que suministra datos precisos sobre el perfil audiométrico y el factor reclutamiento.

El objetivo del estudio es la determinación de la fatiga auditiva temporal a través de la respuesta microfónica coclear ante estímulos de sobrecarga de presión sonora y medida del tiempo de recuperación.

Material y método

Instrumentación específica para el estudio de microfónicos cocleares, más un generador que nos proporciona estímulos sonoros de diversa intensidad y componente armónico. Utilizamos ratas Wistar. Medimos la respuesta microfónica normal y después el efecto que sobre ella ha ejercido la aportación de sobrecarga acústica.

Resultados

Utilizando un tono puro a 60dB obtenemos una respuesta microfónica. Fatigando de inmediato con 100dB en la misma frecuencia, a los 15min obtenemos una pérdida de 11dB, a partir de los cuales el deterioro se lentifica y no supera los 15dB. Mediante sonidos de banda compleja aleatoria o ruido blanco no se produce fatiga ni a niveles de 100dB durante una hora de sobreestímulo.

Conclusiones

No existe fatiga a nivel de los receptores sensoriales. El deterioro de la respuesta mediante intenso sobreestímulo posiblemente se deba a alteraciones bioquímicas de desensibilización por agotamiento.

La fatiga auditiva en pruebas clínicas subjetivas afecta a tramos supracocleares. Las pruebas de fatiga auditiva encontradas no coinciden con las obtenidas subjetivamente en clínica ni en psicoacústica.

Palabras clave:
Fatiga auditiva
Reclutamiento
Trauma acústico

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