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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Características audiométricas de la hipoacusia familiar transmitida por herenc...
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Vol. 53. Issue 9.
Pages 641-648 (November 2002)
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Vol. 53. Issue 9.
Pages 641-648 (November 2002)
Características audiométricas de la hipoacusia familiar transmitida por herencia mitocondrial (A1555G)
Audiometric characteristics of familial hypoacusia transmitted by mitocondrial inheritance (A1555G)
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C. Morales Angulo
Corresponding author
Cmorales@mundivia.es

Correspondencia: Alto de las Veneras n° 8. 39478 Puente Arce. Cantabria
, J. Gallo Terán, J. García-Mantilla
Servicio de ORL. Hospital sierrallana (torrelavega)
I. Del Castillo*, M.Á. Moreno Pelayo*, F. Moreno Herrero*
* Unidad de genética molecular. Hospital ramón y cajal (madrid)
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Resumen
Objetivos

Determinar las características audiométricas de la hipoacusia familiar secundaria a la mutación A1555G del ADN mitocondrial.

Pacientes y métodos

Cincuenta y cinco pacientes portadores de la mutación A1555G del ADN mitocondrial, pertenecientes a 6 familias no relacionadas con hipoacusia neurosensorial no sindrómica, estudiados en el Hospital Sierrallana (Torrelavega, Cantabria) fueron incluidos en este estudio. Cinco de las familias portaban la mutación en homoplasmia y una en heteroplasmia. A todos ellos se les realizó una anamnesis, exploración ORL y audiometría tonal.

Resultados

La mayor parte de los pacientes desarrollaron hipoacusia bilateral y simétrica, lentamente progresiva, sobre todo para altas frecuencias. En los pacientes no sometidos a tratamiento aminoglucósido la hipoacusia fue generalmente leve o moderada y de aparición tardía. En 17 casos hubo una exposición previa a medicamentos ototóxicos, desarrollando una pérdida severa de audición en casi todos ellos, uno de los cuales presentaba una sordomudez. No se encontraron diferencias audiométricas entre las familias que presentaron la mutación en homoplasmia y en heteroplasmia.

Conclusiones

Los portadores de la mutación A1555G del ADN mitocondrial presentan generalmente una hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral y simétrica, de grado ligero o moderado, con predominio en altas frecuencias, lentamente progresiva y de comienzo a partir de la segunda década, que se ve agravada de manera importante por el efecto ototóxico de los aminoglucósidos.

Palabras clave:
hipoacusia hereditaria
adn mitochondrial
hipoacusia neurosensorial
ototoxicidad
Abstract
Objective

To examine the audiometric patterns of familial hearing impairment due to the A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA.

Patients and methods

We includ 55 subjects with the A1555G mutation from 6 unrelated families, affected by nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss and residing in Cantabria. The A1555G mutation was found in homoplasmy in all the families, except in one family, in which it was in heteroplasmy. Aside from standard history taking and general otolaryngological examination, pure tone audiometry was carried out in all patients.

Results

Hearing loss was developed by most of the patients. The auditory defect was a slowly progressive bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, affecting mainly the high frequencies. In patients in which aminoglycoside ototoxicity could be excluded, hearing loss usually ranged from mild to moderate, with a late onset. In 17 cases there were previous history of treatment with a ototoxic drugs, and most of them developed severe hearing loss. One of them was deaf-mute. No audiometric differences between families with the homoplasmic and the heteroplasmic A1555G mutation were observed.

Conclusions

Patients with the A1555G mutation generally present bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, ranging from mild to moderate, slowly progressive, which is obvious approximately in the second decade of life and affects specially the high frequencies. Hearing loss severity is increased by treatment with aminoglycosides.

Key words:
inherited deafness
mitochondrial dna
sensorineural deafness
ototoxicity

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