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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Epiglotitis aguda en adultos. Nuestra casuística en 11 años
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Vol. 53. Issue 9.
Pages 674-678 (November 2002)
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Vol. 53. Issue 9.
Pages 674-678 (November 2002)
Epiglotitis aguda en adultos. Nuestra casuística en 11 años
Acute epiglottitis in adults. Our casuistry of 11 years
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V. Pino Rivero*, J.M. Pando Pinto, T. Mogollón Cano-Cortés, E. Rejas Ugena, G. Trinidad Ramos, A. Blasco Huelva
Servicio de orl. Hospital infanta cristina. Badajoz
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Resumen

Presentamos un estudio retrospectivo sobre 20 casos de epiglotitis aguda en adultos ingresados en nuestro hospital entre 1991 y 2001. Recogemos una serie de variables: Sexo del paciente, edad, año y mes de ingreso, antecedentes personales, clínica de presentación, pruebas complementarias realizadas, tratamiento administrado, evolución y estancia media hospitalaria. Encontramos un claro predominio en varones (19:1 sobre mujeres), con una edad media de 45 años. Los síntomas mayoritarios fueron la disfagia-odinofagia (85%) seguido de fiebre (55%) y dolor faríngeo- cervical. Se constató disnea en 9 de los 20 pacientes (45%) de los que 5 precisaron control de la vía aérea mediante intubación en 1 paciente, coniotomía urgente en 3 casos y traqueotomía en otro. Un paciente desarrolló una mediastinitis aguda que requirió ingreso y tratamiento IV prolongado en UCI. Recogemos el caso de otro paciente que presentó parada cardiorrespiratoria súbita con exitus sin presentar disnea previamente. La epiglotitis aguda del adulto es una patología poco frecuente, de buen pronóstico en general, pero susceptible de complicación grave e imprevisible incluso en ausencia de compromiso de la vía aérea. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura al respecto.

Palabras clave:
Epiglotitis aguda
Adulto
Abstract

We report a retrospective study of 20 cases of acute epiglottitis in adults admited at our hospital between 1991 and 2001. We gather a series of variables: Patient sex, age, year and month of admission, personal history, initial clinical symptoms, complementary tests asked, given treatment, evolution and hospital average stay. We found an obvious predominance in male (19:1 with respect to female), with an average age of 45 years. The main symtomps were dysphagia-odynophagia (85%), followed by fever (55%) and pharyngocervical pain. Dyspnea was confirmed in 9 of 20 patients (45%); 5 of them required airway control with the help of intubation in one case, urgent coniotomy in three cases and tracheotomy in another one. A patient suffered from an acute mediastinitis and required assistance and medical IV extended treatment in UCI. We show a case of another patient who suffered sudden cardiorespiratory arrest a followed by death. He did not present previus dyspnea. Acute epiglottitis in adults is a rare pathology with a good prognosis in general, but may lead to an unpredictable and serious complication even in the absence of airway blockage. We carry out a medical literature review in this respect.

Key words:
Acute epiglottitis
Adult

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