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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Metástasis a distancia en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello
Journal Information
Vol. 57. Issue 8.
Pages 369-372 (October 2006)
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Vol. 57. Issue 8.
Pages 369-372 (October 2006)
Metástasis a distancia en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello
Distant metastases in head and neck cancer
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C.A. Álvarez Marcos1,1
Corresponding author
alvarezmarcos@telefonica.net

Correspondencia: César Antonio Álvarez Marcos Las Alondras, 19 33013 Oviedo (Asturias)
, H. Fernández Espina1
1 Hospital Valle del Nalón. Riaño-Langreo
J.L. Llorente Pendás2, V. Franco Gutiérrezb, M. Hermsenb, M.P. Cuesta Albaladb, C. Suárez Nietob
b Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo
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Resumen
Introducción

La presencia de metástasis a distancia (MD) no es un evento muy frecuente en los carcinomas de cabeza y cuello (CECC) y se asocia con muy mal pronóstico.

Objetivo

Investigar la las principales características clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados con el diagnóstico de MD en CECC.

Material y método

Estudio retrospectivo de 633 pacientes con CECC para describir las características clínicas de las MD.

Resultados

Se observan en el 6,2% de los CECC. Las localizaciones que más las originan son la hipofaringe (14,4%), los primarios de origen desconocido (11,8%) y la orofaringe (8,5%), apareciendo con mayor frecuencia en pulmón (58%) y hueso (22%). Determinan un gran impacto en la supervivencia, reduciéndola al 2,5% a los 3 años (49,5% en el grupo control a los 5 años).

Conclusiones

Es preciso realizar un seguimiento adecuado para su detección precoz y tratamiento eficaz, investigando nuevos protocolos terapéuticos que incluyan la quimioterapia.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de cabeza
cuello
Metástasis a distancia
Cáncer escamoso
Abstract
Introduction

The presence of distant metastasis (DM) after the initial treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not considered a common event and it is associated to a poor outcome.

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the diagnosis of distant metastasis in SCC.

Methods and Materials

A retrospective study of 633 patients with HNSCC to describe the clinical characteristics of the DM.

Results

During the follow-up period after the initial treatment, 6.2% of the patients were diagnosed of having distant metastasis. The site of primary tumor was hypopharynx in 14.4%, unknown origin in 11.8% and oropharynx in 8.5%. The most common sites of DM were the lungs (58%) and the bone (22%). Three year overall survival in patients with DM was 2.5% (versus 49,5% in the control group).

Conclusions

This study confirms that DM have an adverse impact in survival. There is a need of guidelines for screening of distant metastases in patients with HNSCC in order to get an early diagnosis and a more effective treatment. Because of the poor prognosis of DM, protocols including adjuvant chemotherapy should be investigated.

Key words:
Head
neck cancer
Distant metastases
Squamous cell carcinoma

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