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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Tratamiento con láser co2 de las lesiones glóticas leucoplásicas premalignas
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Vol. 54. Issue 9.
Pages 625-632 (November 2003)
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Vol. 54. Issue 9.
Pages 625-632 (November 2003)
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Tratamiento con láser co2 de las lesiones glóticas leucoplásicas premalignas
Treatment with endoscopic co2 laser for the pre-malignant glottic epithelial lesions
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1612
M. Henríquez alarcón
,
Corresponding author
henriquez@seorl.net

Correspondencia: Mendigain 30, 6º C. 20014 San Sebastián.
, X. Altuna mariezkurrena*, J. Estéfano rodríguez*, M. Vaquero pérez**, J. Algaba guimerá*
* Servicio de orl
** Servicio de anatomía patológica. hospital donostia. san sebastián
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Resumen

Las lesiones premalignas de laringe pueden llegar a desarrollar un carcinoma invasivo. No existe una clasificación ni una terapia homologada universalmente. En el presente artículo presentamos nuestra experiencia en el manejo de lesiones premalignas leucoplásicas glóticas a través de la cirugía con láser CO2 y realizamos una revisión de distintos estudios. Durante el plazo de 10 años tratamos 69 pacientes, efectuando una de 2 técnicas: escisión de la mucosa leucoplásica o vaporización de 1la lesión. Para optar por una u otra se consideró: Extensión de la lesión; aspecto macroscópico; compromiso de comisura anterior, experiencia del cirujano. Los resultados histológicos fueron: Queratosis 53,6% y displasia leve 23,2% ambas tratadas equivalentemente con vaporización o exéresis; displasia moderada 14,5%, displasia severa 8,7% tratadas mayoritariamente con exéresis. No se observaron importantes complicaciones per-operatorias ni a largo plazo. Observamos 7 recidivas (10%) las cuales no evolucionaron a carcinomas invasivos, logrando finalmente controlar las lesiones. En tanto 9 pacientes (13%) presentaron malignización: 3 queratosis, 1 displasia leve, 3 displasia moderada y 2 displasia severa, de los cuales sólo en 1 paciente (1,5%) se recurrió a una cirugía radical de rescate. La pesquisa precoz de estas lesiones y el establecimiento de un tratamiento oportuno reduce las posibilidades de desarrollar carcinomas invasivos. El tratamiento con láser CO2 es una técnica adecuada para abordar estas lesiones, ofreciéndonos seguridad y buenos resultados oncológicos.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía láser
Cuerda vocal
Displasia laríngea
Lesiones premalignas
Abstract

Pre-malignant lesions of the larynx can degenerative into invasive carcinoma. There is not an universally accepted classification and treatment. We present our experience in the treatment with endoscopic CO2 laser for the pre-malignant glottic epithelial lesions. At the same time we carry out a review of the literature published. During a period of ten years we have treated 69 patients with one of these techniques: resection of the epithelial lesion or vaporization. The election of the technique depends on the size of the lesion, the macroscopic aspect, anterior commisures involvement and the surgeons experience. The histological findings were: 53,6% keratosis and 23,2% mid dysplasia both of them treated with vaporization and resection; 14,5% moderate dysplasia and 8,7% severe treated with resection of the lesion. There were no important 1complications during the operation. Recurrence occurred in 7 patients (10%) but after treatment all of them were free of disease during the follow-up period, they didn´t progress to carcinomatosis. 9 patients (13%) had a malignant evolution: 3 keratosis, 1 mild dysplasia, 3 moderate dysplasia and 2 severe dysplasia. Only one case (1,5%) underwent total laryngectomy. The early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment reduced the possibilities of malignant transformation. The therapy with CO2 laser is the treatment of choice in this kind of lesions.

Key words:
Laser surgery
Vocal cords
Laryngeal dysplasia
Premalignant lesions
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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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