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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Tratamiento quirúrgico de los paragangliomas vagales
Journal Information
Vol. 60. Issue S1.
Paragangliomas cervicocefálicos
Pages 97-105 (February 2009)
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Vol. 60. Issue S1.
Paragangliomas cervicocefálicos
Pages 97-105 (February 2009)
Tratamiento quirúrgico de los paragangliomas vagales
Surgical treatment of vagal paragangliomas
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Carlos Suárez Nietoa, José Luis Llorente Pendása, Justo Gómez Martíneza
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo. España.
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Los paragangliomas (Pg) vagales son mucho menos frecuentes que los carotídeos y yugulotimpánicos, y como ellos pueden ser esporádicos o familiares. Las formas familiares suelen presentarse aisladas o dentro de entidades sindrómicas, como la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo IIA-B, el síndrome de von-Hippel-Lindau y la neurofibromatosis de tipo 1. Los genes causantes de la enfermedad se localizan en 3 locus: SDHD (11q23), SDHC (1q21) y SDHB (1p36.1p35). Aproximadamente un tercio de los Pg, aparentemente esporádicos, presenta también alteraciones germinales en SDH. En las formas familiares la tasa de multicentricidad asciende al 30-40%. Los Pg vagales se originan a partir del tejido glómico alrededor del ganglio nodoso o plexiforme del nervio vago. Con bastante frecuencia se observan síntomas derivados de la lesión de los pares craneales bajos. Una característica esencial para el diagnóstico de Pg vagal es que se sitúan por detrás de la carótida interna. El tratamiento de los Pg vagales debe basarse en el comportamiento biológico del tumor, la edad y las condiciones generales del paciente, el tamaño del tumor y la posible morbilidad producida por el tratamiento. La cirugía es importante en el tratamiento de los Pg vagales, si bien es controvertida en pacientes sin parálisis de pares bajos. El abordaje cervical o transcervical es el abordaje de elección en la mayoría de casos. Si alcanzan la fosa yugular, es necesario realizar, además de la vía cervical, un abordaje transpetroso de la fosa yugular. La conducta expectante y la radioterapia son opciones frecuentemente válidas.
Palabras clave:
Paraganglioma vagal
Espacio parafaríngeo
Fosa yugular
Vagal paragangliomas are much less frequent than carotid and jugulo-tympanic paragangliomas and, like these other forms, can be sporadic or familial. The familial forms usually occur as isolated tumors or within syndromic entities such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA-B, Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1. The genes causing the disease are located in three loci: SDHD (11q23), SDHC (1q21) and SDHB (1p36.1p35). Approximately one-third of apparently sporadic paragangliomas also show germline SDH mutations. In familial forms, the rate of multicentric tumors is up to 30-40%. Vagal paragangliomas arise from arise from paraganglia associated with the vagus nerve. Lower cranial nerve deficits are frequently observed. An essential feature in the diagnosis of vagal paraganglioma is that they are situated behind the internal carotid artery. The treatment of vagal paraganglioma should be based on the biological behavior of the tumor, the age and health status of the patient, tumoral size and the possible treatment-associated morbidity. Surgery is important in the treatment of vagal paraganglioma but this option is controversial in patients without lower cranial nerve palsy. The approach of choice is usually cervical or transcervical. If the tumor involves the jugular fossa, in addition to the cervical approach, a transpetrous approach is also required. Expectant management and radiotherapy are often valid options.
Keywords:
Vagal paraganglioma
Parapharyngeal space
Jugular fossa

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