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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Relationship between short lingual frenulum and malocclusion. A multicentre stud...
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Vol. 73. Issue 3.
Pages 177-183 (May - June 2022)
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Vol. 73. Issue 3.
Pages 177-183 (May - June 2022)
Original article
Relationship between short lingual frenulum and malocclusion. A multicentre study
Relación entre frenillo lingual corto y maloclusión. Un estudio multicéntrico
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Christian Calvo-Henríqueza,b,
Corresponding author
, Silvia Martins Nevesc, Ana María Brancod, Jerome R. Lechiena,e, Frank Betances Reinosoa,f, Xenia Mota Rojasa,g, Carlos O’Connor-Reinah, Isabel González-Guijarrob, Gabriel Martínez Capoccionia,b
a Rhinology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
b Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
c MyFace Clinics and Academy, Lisbon, Portugal
d College of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
e Foch Hospital, University of Paris Saclay, Paris, France
f Service of Otolaryngology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
g Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
h Service of Otolaryngology, QuironSalud Marbella Hospital, Marbella, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Sample description.
Table 2. Occlusion type.
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Abstract
Objective

Ankyloglossia is characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum, which impairs tongue movement. Ankyloglossia has been related to craniofacial growth disturbances and dental malocclusion. But even though there is a clear biological plausibility for this hypothesis, available evidence is scarce.

Methods

A case–control design was followed. Patients between 4 and 14 years old were routinely screened for short lingual frenulum and recruited from the pediatric Otolaryngology consultation of 3 Spanish tertiary referral hospitals. Lingual frenulum was assessed with the Marchesan system. A cohort of cases with short lingual frenulum and a cohort of healthy controls matched for sex and age were included. Both cases and controls had pictures of occlusion. Occlusion was evaluated by an expert in orthodontics, blinded for the frenulum assessment.

Results

A total of 100 participants were included, 70 males and 30 females. The proportion of malocclusion in the short lingual frenulum group was 48%, while it was 24% in the normal frenulum group. The odds ratio of malocclusion for the short lingual frenulum patients was 2.92 (CI 95% 1.15–7.56). The difference was statistically significant (p=.012). This difference was significant for patients with class III occlusion (p=.029). There was no difference for patients with class II (p=.317).

Conclusions

This work supports the hypothesis that relates class III malocclusion with a short lingual frenulum.

Keywords:
Ankyloglossia
Malocclusion
Short lingual frenulum
Resumen
Objetivo

La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por un frenillo lingual anormalmente corto que dificulta la movilidad de la lengua. La anquiloglosia ha sido relacionada con alteraciones del desarrollo facial y maloclusión dentaria. Sin embargo, a pesar de una clara plausibilidad biológica para esta hipótesis, la evidencia disponible es escasa.

Métodos

Siguiendo un diseño de casos y controles se incluyeron pacientes entre 4-14 años atendidos en las consultas de otorrinolaringología pediátrica de 3 hospitales de tercer nivel en España. El frenillo lingual se evaluó mediante el sistema de Marchesan. Se incluyó una cohorte de casos con frenillo lingual corto, y una cohorte de controles sanos apareados por sexo y edad. A todos los participantes se les tomó fotografía dentaria en oclusión. La oclusión se evaluó mediante un odontólogo experto en ortodoncia, ciego a la evaluación del frenillo lingual.

Resultados

Se incluyeron un total de 100 participantes, 70 hombres y 30 mujeres. La proporción de maloclusión en la cohorte con frenillo lingual corto fue del 48% y del 24% en la cohorte de controles. La odds ratio de maloclusión fue 2,92 (IC 95%: 1,15-7,56). La diferencia entre grupos fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,012). Por subgrupos, la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa para los pacientes con maloclusión clase iii (p=0,029), pero no para aquellos con maloclusión clase ii (p=0,317).

Conclusiones

Este trabajo apoya la hipótesis que relaciona la maloclusión de clase iii con el frenillo lingual corto.

Palabras clave:
Anquiloglosia
Maloclusión
Frenillo lingual corto

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