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array:22 [ "pii" => "S2173573522001004" "issn" => "21735735" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otoeng.2021.05.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-11-01" "aid" => "1101" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2022;73:339-45" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173573522001016" "issn" => "21735735" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otoeng.2021.07.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-11-01" "aid" => "1115" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2022;73:346-55" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Recovery rates according to audiometric patterns" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "346" "paginaFinal" => "355" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hipoacusia neurosensorial súbita: tasas de recuperación en función de los patrones audiométricos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2085 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 254144 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Relationship between initial speech PTA and SDS. (B) Relationship between the change in speech PTA and change in SDS over time.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Sofia Waissbluth, Valeria Sepúlveda, Pablo Urzúa" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sofia" "apellidos" => "Waissbluth" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Valeria" "apellidos" => "Sepúlveda" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pablo" "apellidos" => "Urzúa" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173573522001016?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735735/0000007300000006/v2_202302131157/S2173573522001016/v2_202302131157/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL</span>" "titulo" => "Clues for facial canal dehiscence in chronic otitis media" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "339" "paginaFinal" => "345" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Afonso Castro, Francisco Sousa, Joana Costa, João Lino, José Abrunhosa, Cecília Almeida e Sousa" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Afonso" "apellidos" => "Castro" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "afonsodomingoscastro@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Sousa" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joana" "apellidos" => "Costa" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João" "apellidos" => "Lino" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Abrunhosa" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cecília" "apellidos" => "Almeida e Sousa" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Pistas para dehiscencia del canal facial en la otitis media crónica" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the most feared complications during otologic surgery is damaging the facial nerve. Facial nerve paralysis (FNP) represents the most outward and noticeable cranial neuropathy, causing an obvious facial deformity in the patient.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The facial nerve is more vulnerable during ear surgery when there is a dehiscence of the facial nerve canal (FCD). In addition to having a good anatomical knowledge and experience, the otolaryngologist must always remember the possibility of FCD during otologic surgery. This will help to prevent this undesirable complication.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD may be congenital or due to bone erosion, and its occurrence depends on whether chronic otitis media is with cholesteatoma (C-COM) or without cholesteatoma (COM).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> According to multiple studies, FCD affects most commonly the second portion of the facial nerve canal, which is a vital information during ear surgery. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Several studies report some associations between FCD and intra-operative findings that can assist the otologic surgeon in predicting FCD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The goal of this retrospective study is to determine the incidence of FCD in primary surgery for COM and C-COM, and also to explore possible associations between FCD and other pathological findings such as fistula in the lateral semicircular canal, mastoid tegmen dehiscence, sigmoid sinus exposure and external auditory canal polyp.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We retrospectively examined the intraoperative findings of 186 patients who underwent surgery in Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal over a five-year period, between January 2015 and January 2020 for COM and C-COM. Only surgical approaches which allowed direct visualization of facial nerve canal were included. Both canal wall down (CWD) and canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy procedures were included.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study we only evaluated the second portion (horizontal) of the facial nerve canal for dehiscence since CWU procedures didn’t allow us to evaluate the third portion (vertical). The second portion included dehiscence's between the first genu and the second genu (oval window, on the first genu or on entire of the segment). We also examined ossicle chain integrity, presence of labyrinthine fistula, dehiscence of the mastoid tegmen, sigmoid sinus exposure and the presence of external ear canal polyps.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD was defined as the lack of bony covering over the facial nerve in tympanic and mastoid segment of the facial nerve. Assessments were performed by visual inspection under operating microscope and by palpation with a blunt instrument.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study design complies with the Declaration of Helsinki ethical standards</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 26), and statistically significant level was accepted as p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistics of the qualitative variables were computed as count and percent frequencies. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact tests were used for differences between the proportions.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Significant proportions which were different from others were determined by using post hoc Bonferroni test when the results of Pearson Chi square test or Fisher-Freeman-Halton test were significant.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The binary logistic regression model was used for relation between malleus, incus and stapes erosions and presence of FCD.</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Results</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One hundred and eighty-six patients (103 females, 83 males) who underwent CWD or CWU mastoidectomy were included in the study, 19 patients were in the pediatric age range (< 18 years) and 167 were adults (≥ 18 years). Age ranged between 7 and 98 [mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45.5, standard deviation (SD)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18.404].</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric patients (19 children; 11 males; 8 females) comprised a population between 7 and 17 years (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.9, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.677) accounting for 10.2% of patients, and adult patients (167 adults; 72 males; 95 females) with ages between 18 and 98 (mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>49.2, SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.522) accounted for 89.8% of total patients.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients were divided into two groups, chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma (C-COM) and without cholesteatoma (COM) and then FCD was focused on. There was a total of 93 cases (44 males; 49 females) in the C-COM group and 93 (39 males; 54 females) in the COM group (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CWU mastoidectomy was performed in 144 patients (77.4%) and CWD tympanoplasty was performed in 42 patients (22.6%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The overall incidence of FCD was 22.6% (42/186). In the COM group FCD was detected in 5.5% (6/93) of patients and in the C-COM group in 38.7% patients (36/93). In the statistical analysis, the C-COM group's FCD rate was significantly higher than the COM group (p ˂ 0.001).</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD was found in 15.7% (3/19 patients) of the pediatric group and 23.3% (39/167 patients) of the adult group. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.455) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Labyrinthine fistula in the lateral semicircular canal was detected in 8.6% (16/186) patients. In one patient we found labyrinthine fistula affecting the lateral and anterior semicircular canal. All the encountered labyrinthine fistulas were found in the C-COM group, with an incidence of 17.2% in this subpopulation (16/93).</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mastoid tegmen dehiscence was found in 6.4% of patient (12/186). In the C-COM group mastoid tegmen dehiscence was found in 9.6% (9/93). Conversely, only 3.2% (3/93) of COM patients had mastoid tegmen dehiscence. Although there was a tendency for higher incidence of FCD in patients with C-COM and concomitant mastoid tegmen dehiscence when compared to the COM subgroup, this difference wasn’t statistically significant (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.073) most probably due to limited sample size.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sigmoid sinus exposure was found in 1.6% patients (3/186). All sigmoid sinus exposure was found in the C-COM group. There was no statistically significant difference between incidence of sigmoid sinus exposure between COM and C-COM groups (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.081). The tendency was for a higher incidence of FCD in the C-COM group with concomitant sigmoid sinus exposure, nevertheless this wasn’t proved due to limited sample size.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">External auditory canal polyp was detected in 9.6% patients (18/186). External auditory canal polyp was found in 12.9% of patients (12/93) in the C-COM group and in 6.4% (6/93) in the COM group. These values were not statistically significant difference between groups (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.137).</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pre-operative facial nerve paralysis was detected on 1.6% patients (3/186), all of which had C-COM. The overall incidence of facial paralysis in the C-COM group was of 3.2% (3/93).</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The associations between some intraoperative findings with FCD were also evaluated (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study, labyrinthine fistula of the lateral semi-circular canal (LSSC) was detected in 16 of the total 186 patients (8.6%), 12 of whom showed FCD (75%). Among patients with FCD 28.5% (12/42) had LSSC fistula. There was a statistically significant correlation between LSSC fistula and FCD (p˂ 0.001).</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender also confirmed this statement and revealed that the incidence of facial canal dehiscence in the presence of LSCC fistula is significantly higher (p<<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001, Odds ratio 13.894).</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mastoid tegmen dehiscence was found in 12 of the 186 patients (6.4%) 4 of whom showed FCD (33.3%). Among patients with FCD, 4 out of 42 (9.5%) had mastoid tegmen dehiscence. There was no statistically significant correlation between mastoid tegmen dehiscence and FCD (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.357).</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sigmoid sinus exposure was found in 3 of the 186 patients (1.6%), none of these patients had FCD. There was no statistically significant correlation between sigmoid sinus exposure and FCD (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.346).</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pre-operative facial nerve paralysis was found in 3 of the 186 patients (1.6%), all had showed FCD. Among patients with FCD 3 of the 42 patients (7.1%) had pre-operative facial paralysis. There was a statistically significant correlation between pre-operative facial nerve paralysis and FCD (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001).</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">External auditory canal polyp was found in 18 of the 186 patients (9.6%), 5 of whom showed FCD (27.7%). Among patients with FCD, 11.90% (5/42) had external auditory canal polyp. There was no statistically significant correlation between external auditory canal polyp and FCD (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.579).</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When we focus on the ossicular erosions, 41.4% patients had no ossicular erosion (77/186), 1.08% had isolated malleus erosion (2/186), 11.8% isolated incus erosion (22/186), 1.6% isolated stapes erosion (3/186). In 9.6% both incus and malleus erosions were observed (18/186); in 13.4% cases both incus and stapes erosions (25/186), and 17.7% cases involved a combination of incus, malleus and stapes erosions (33/186). We then compared ossicular erosion in the C-COM and in the COM groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with C-COM at least one ossicular erosion was fond in 78.4% cases (73/93) whereas in the COM group ossicular erosion was found in 38.7% of patients (36/93). In the C-COM group 21.5% cases (20/93) cases had no ossicular erosion, 1.08% isolated malleus erosion (1/93), 16.1% isolated incus erosion (15/93), 2.1% isolated stapes (2/93). In 16.1% both incus and malleus erosions were observed (15/93), 16.1% cases had combined incus and stapes erosions (15/93), and 26.8% cases involved a combination of incus, malleus and stapes erosions (25/93).</p><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the COM group 61.2% cases had no ossicular erosion (57/93), 1.08% only malleus (1/93), 13.9% only incus (13/93), 1.08% only stapes (1/93). In 3.2% both incus and malleus erosions were observed (3/93); in 10.7% cases both incus and stapes erosions (10/93), and 8.6% cases involved a combination of incus, malleus and stapes erosions (8/93). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence any ossicular erosion between C-COM and COM (p˂ 0.001).</p><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Irrespective of the presence of cholesteatoma, the relationship between malleus, incus and stapes erosions and the probability of FCD was ascertained (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the patients with facial nerve dehiscence, 80.9% (34/42) showed a defect in the ossicle chain.</p><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the table was examined, FCD was present in 8 of 77 patients (10.3%) who had healthy malleus, incus and stapes, together (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>).</p><p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD was not observed in any of the 2 cases who had only malleus erosions.</p><p id="par0345" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD was present in 8 of 25 cases (32%) who had combined erosions of incus and stapes.</p><p id="par0350" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD was present in 7 of 18 cases (38.8%) who had malleus and incus erosions.</p><p id="par0355" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the 33 cases who had combined malleus, incus and stapes erosions, 12 (36.3%) had FCD.</p><p id="par0360" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD was observed in 6 of 28 cases (21.4%) who had only incus erosion and 1 out of the 3 cases who shoed isolated stapes erosion.</p><p id="par0365" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When we performed binary logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounders such as age and gender, the incidence of FCD was significantly higher (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005, Odds ratio 5.489) in the malleus plus incus eroded group. The combined incus plus stapes eroded group showed a positive association with FCD as well (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.014, Odds ratio 4.059) and so did the group who had malleus, incus and stapes erosions together (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.002, Odds ratio 4.929) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0370" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study of 186 subjects, two permanent iatrogenic facial paralysis were observed, meaning a 1.08% incidence of iatrogenic facial nerve paralysis.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion</span><p id="par0375" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FCD may occur as a result of chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, or can have a congenital origin. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In intraoperative assessment studies, FCD rate ranges from 6-30%, while in histologic studies it varies from 25-57%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,6,7</span></a> Higher incidences of FCD in histologic evaluations may relate to an incomplete ability to detect microdehiscence's intraoperatively. Another interesting finding in histologic studies is that FCD was found to be bilateral in 76.3% of patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Our study revealed an overall FCD incidence of 22.6%, a finding that is in accordance with the existing literature. FCD was detected in 5.5% patients with COM and in 38.7% patients with C-COM. The incidence of FCD was statistically significantly higher in the C-COM patients due to the higher incidence of bone erosion associated with cholesteatomas. No statistically significant difference between FCD was found in the pediatric and adult group.</p><p id="par0410" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second portion is by far the most common site of dehiscence according to several publications. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3,6,7</span></a> In our study, labyrinthine fistula in the lateral semi-circular canal (LSSC) was detected in 8.6% of patients, 75% of whom showed FCD. Among patients with FCD 28.5% had LSSC fistula. Binary logistic regression analysis also confirmed this statement and reported that the incidence of facial canal dehiscence in the presence of LSCC fistula was 13.89 times higher. Selesnick et al. also reported this correlation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> This result should make us consider a strong possibility of finding a FCD when LSCC fistula is present.</p><p id="par0435" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a large study made by Copeland et al. that included 13696 mastoidectomies, 1018 labyrinthine fistulae were found at the time of surgery accounting for an incidence of 7%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Our results are in line with literature that states that, the overall incidence of labyrinthine fistula ranges from 2.4% to 16.7%. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9–11</span></a></p><p id="par0445" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study we also tried to establish some associations of FCD with tegmen tympani dehiscence, sigmoid sinus exposure and external auditory canal polyp. We didn’t find any significant association between these findings and FCD, contrary to some existing studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This was probably because of sample size limitations.</p><p id="par0455" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pre-operative facial nerve paralysis was found in 1.6% of the 186 patients, all had FCD. Among patients with FCD 7.1% had pre-operative facial paralysis. Bone erosion is a pathological process that occurs in COM with and without cholesteatoma. This process leads to hearing loss due to an impaired sound transmission mechanism and is more common in patients with cholesteatoma. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0465" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mechanism by which cholesteatomas erode bone remains controversial. The bulk of the bone resorption is caused by more activated osteoclasts. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The removal of the organic and inorganic components of the bone is thought to occur via enzymatic activity. Multiple enzymes are thought to be involved, including acid phosphatase, collagenase, and acid pro- tease. Numerous cytokines and growth factors are also thought to play a role, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, colony stimulating factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0475" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a study by Mayerhoff et al. on cadaver temporal bones with chronic otitis media, the overall incidence of ossicle destruction was 82.1%. In patients without cholesteatoma the incidence of ossicle destruction was 69.5% and in those with cholesteatoma 100%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Another study by Gülüstan et al. found ossicle chain defects in 93% in patients with C-COM.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0485" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study patients with C-COM showed an incidence 78.4% of any ossicular erosion, whereas in the COM group ossicular erosion was found in 38.7% of patients. Of the patients with facial nerve dehiscence, 80.9% showed a defect in the ossicle chain.</p><p id="par0495" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When we performed binary logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of FCD were found 5.489 times higher (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005) in the malleus plus incus eroded, 4.059 times higher (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.014) in the incus plus stapes eroded group and 4.929 times higher (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.002) when all ossicles were eroded.</p><p id="par0500" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More attention may be needed to ascertain the possibility of FCD during ear surgery in these cases of ossicular erosion, especially when both malleus and incus eroded. The incidence of iatrogenic FN lesion is fortunately very low, with a frequency between 0.6% and 3.6% for primary otologic procedures and of 4-10% in revision surgery. (3) (14)</p><p id="par0510" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study limitations include the fact that we only evaluated the second portion (horizontal) of the facial nerve canal for dehiscence since CWU procedures didn’t allow us to evaluate the third portion (vertical). A second limitation is its retrospective nature. Also, some known/expected associations between FND and pathologic findings couldn’t be proved probably because of the limitations of sample size. Finally, not all surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon which could lead to some bias in the surgical records.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusion</span><p id="par0530" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study revealed that the incidence of facial canal dehiscence was 22.6% in the second portion. This reflects the process of bone erosion associated with COM. In our study, the incidence of FCD and other intraoperative pathological findings were higher in patients with cholesteatoma. The presence of LSCC fistula was associated with a higher prevalence of FCD.</p><p id="par0545" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the case of FCD, ossicular erosions were observed at a significant level, especially the combinations of malleus and incus eroded, incus and stapes eroded, and all 3 ossicles eroded. These findings can help the surgeon to predict the possibility of FCD, raising awareness of surgical risks and enhancing necessary efforts to prevent iatrogenic injuries to facial nerve.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Disclosures Competing interests</span><p id="par0555" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Sponsorships</span><p id="par0560" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding source</span><p id="par0565" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Compliance with ethical standards</span><p id="par0570" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This retrospective study was performed after approval of local ethic committee.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Author Contributions</span><p id="par0575" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Afonso Castro, conceptualization, collecting data, revising articles, analyzing data, writing article.</p><p id="par0580" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Sousa, conceptualization, analyzing data, statistics, writing article.</p><p id="par0585" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">João Lino, conceptualization, formulation of recommendations, drafting and revision of manuscript, final approval of manuscript.</p><p id="par0590" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Joana Costa, conceptualization, formulation of recommendations, revising of manuscript.</p><p id="par0595" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">José Abrunhosa, conceptualization, revising of manuscript, final approval of manuscript.</p><p id="par0600" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cecília Almeida e Sousa, formulation of recommendations, drafting and revision of manuscript, final approval of manuscript.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1845657" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1607936" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1845658" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción y objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1607935" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Disclosures Competing interests" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Sponsorships" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Funding source" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Compliance with ethical standards" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Author Contributions" ] 14 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-01-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-05-27" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1607936" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Facial canal dehiscence" 1 => "Lateral semicircular canal fistula" 2 => "Ossicle erosion" 3 => "Chronic otitis media" 4 => "Cholesteatoma" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1607935" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Dehiscencia del canal facial" 1 => "Fístula del canal semicircular lateral" 2 => "Erosión de los huesecillos" 3 => "Otitis media crónica" 4 => "Colesteatoma" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The goal of this study was to determine the impact of external and middle ear findings in the incidence of facial canal dehiscence (FCD) during mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We examined the operative details of 186 patients who underwent primary tympanomastoidectomy for chronic otitis media between January 2015 and January 2020 retrospectively.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this study we only evaluated the second portion of the facial nerve canal.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The global prevalence of FCD was 22.6% (42/186 patients) with a higher incidence, of 38.7% (36/93), in patients with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma (C-COM).</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Associations were found between facial canal dehiscence, labyrinthine fistula (p˂ .001) and facial nerve paralysis (p˂ .001).</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ossicular erosions were observed at a significant level in patients with facial canal dehiscence, the incidence of FCD was significantly higher (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.005, Odds ratio 5.489) when malleus and incus were eroded, incus plus stapes were eroded (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.014; OR 4.059) and malleus, incus, and stapes together were eroded (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.002; OR 4.929).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study revealed an incidence of facial canal dehiscence of 22.6%. It also revealed that the presence of lateral semicircular canal fistula is associated with a higher prevalence of facial canal dehiscence.</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The same was noted in the case of some ossicular erosions, especially the combinations of eroded malleus and incus, incus and stapes, and all 3 ossicles.</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These findings raise awareness about the usefulness of middle ear findings in predicting FCD, thus providing valuable information for the otological surgeon to avoid iatrogenic injuries.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción y objetivos</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto de los hallazgos del oído externo y medio en la incidencia de dehiscencia del canal facial (DCF) durante la mastoidectomía por otitis media crónica.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Examinamos los detalles quirúrgicos de 186 pacientes intervenidos de timpanomastoidectomía primaria por otitis media crónica entre enero de 2015 y enero de 2020 de forma retrospectiva.</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio solo evaluamos la segunda porción del canal del nervio facial.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia global de DCF fue del 22,6% (42/186 pacientes) con una incidencia mayor, del 38,7% (36/93), en pacientes con otitis media crónica con colesteatoma (C-COM).</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron asociaciones entre DCF, fístula laberíntica (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> ˂ 0,001) y parálisis del nervio facial (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> ˂ 0,001).</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se observaron erosiones osiculares significativas en pacientes con DCF. La incidencia de DCF fue significativamente mayor (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,005; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> 5.489) cuando el martillo y el yunque estaban erosionados, el yunque y el estribo erosionados (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,014; OR 4,059) y erosiones del martillo, yunque y estribo juntos (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,002; OR 4,929).</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio reveló una incidencia de DCF del 22,6%. También reveló que la presencia de fístula del canal semicircular lateral se asocia con una mayor prevalencia de DCF.</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lo mismo se observó en el caso de algunas erosiones osiculares, especialmente las combinaciones de martillo y yunque, yunque y estribo, y los 3 huesecillos erosionados.</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estos hallazgos aumentan la conciencia sobre la utilidad de los hallazgos del oído medio que predicen la DCF y proporcionan información valiosa para el cirujano otológico sobre su esfuerzo por evitar lesiones yatrogénicas.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción y objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">C-COM: chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma; COM: chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma; CWD: canal wall down; CWU: canal wall up.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic otitis media</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>COM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C-COM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mastoidectomy</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CWU \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CWD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gender distribution of C-COM vs COM and CWU vs CWD procedures.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FCD: facial canal dehiscence.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Facial Canal Dehiscence</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">P value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Adult patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">128 (76.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 (23.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">167 (89.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.455 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pediatric patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (84.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (15.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (10.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144 (77.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (22.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">186 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incidence of FCD by age group.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">C-COM: chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma; COM: chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma; LSSC: labyrinthine fistula of the lateral semicircular canal; FNP: Facial nerve paralysis.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Facial Canal Dehiscence</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">P value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic otitis media</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>COM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 (50%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">˂ 0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C-COM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 (50%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Labyrinthine fistula LSSC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">140 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">170 (91.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">˂ 0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (8.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mastoid tegmen dehiscence</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">136 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">174 (93.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.357 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (6.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sigmoid sinus exposure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">141 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">183 (98.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.346 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">External auditory canal polyp</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">131 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">168 (90.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.579 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (9.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pre-operative FNP</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">183 (98.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total number patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144 (77.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (22.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">186 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Associations between FCD and pathological findings.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">C-COM: chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma; COM: chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="9" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ossicular Erosion</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Only malleus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Only incus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Only stapes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Malleus + incus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Incus + stapes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All ossicles \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C-COM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of ossicular erosion in COM and C-COM.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FCD: facial canal dehiscence.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Ossicular Chain Erosion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Facial Canal Dehiscence</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only malleus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only incus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only stapes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Malleus + incus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Incus + stapes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">All ossicles \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">All patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The relation between the FCD and ossicular erosions.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OR odds ratio</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ossicular Chain Erosion</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only Malleus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,999 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only Incus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2,352 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,149 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only Stapes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4,313 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,254 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Malleus + Incus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5,489 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Incus + Stapes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4,059 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,014 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">All ossicles \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4,929 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">None of the ossicles \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Reference category \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Constant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,103 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Binary logistic regression analysis of the facial canal dehiscence and ossicular erosions.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Facial canal dehiscence rate: a retrospective analysis of 372 chronic otitis media cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.T. 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