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array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173573520301022" "issn" => "21735735" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otoeng.2019.11.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "981" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2021;72:3-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0001651920300388" "issn" => "00016519" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otorri.2019.11.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "981" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2021;72:3-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL</span>" "titulo" => "Implicación ORL en infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "10" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "ENT involvement in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> infections" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figura 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1247 "Ancho" => 800 "Tamanyo" => 256523 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Leishmaniasis mucocutánea glótica. Laringe con imagen de empedrado nodular difuso afectando a bandas y cuerdas vocales por leishmaniasis (A) y biopsia que identifica amastigotes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> con tinción de Giemsa ×100 (B).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Francisco Javier García Callejo, Ramón Balaguer García, Miguel Juantegui Azpilicueta, José María García Aguayo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco Javier" "apellidos" => "García Callejo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ramón" "apellidos" => "Balaguer García" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Miguel" "apellidos" => "Juantegui Azpilicueta" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José María" "apellidos" => "García Aguayo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173573520301022" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otoeng.2019.11.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173573520301022?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001651920300388?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00016519/0000007200000001/v1_202101070856/S0001651920300388/v1_202101070856/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173573520301046" "issn" => "21735735" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otoeng.2019.12.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "990" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2021;72:11-20" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Epidemiology of Balance Disorders in Primary Care" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "20" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiología de los trastornos del equilibrio en atención primaria" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2152 "Ancho" => 2749 "Tamanyo" => 331715 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm used in this study. Through dichotomous questions, primary care physicians managed patients in their environment or referred them for hospital-based study.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Emilio Domínguez-Durán, Irene Mármol-Szombathy, Estela Palmero-Olmo, Ana Nogales-Nieves, María José López-Urbano, Ana Palomo-Sánchez, Fátima Alarcón-Balanza, María Ruiz-de Arcos, Beatriz Bullón-Fernández, Feliciana Valle-Martín, Antonio Mora-Quintero, Blas Poyatos-Poyatos, María Teresa Manjón-Collado, Serafín Sánchez-Gómez" "autores" => array:14 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Emilio" "apellidos" => "Domínguez-Durán" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Irene" "apellidos" => "Mármol-Szombathy" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Estela" "apellidos" => "Palmero-Olmo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Nogales-Nieves" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María José" "apellidos" => "López-Urbano" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Palomo-Sánchez" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fátima" "apellidos" => "Alarcón-Balanza" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Ruiz-de Arcos" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Beatriz" "apellidos" => "Bullón-Fernández" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Feliciana" "apellidos" => "Valle-Martín" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antonio" "apellidos" => "Mora-Quintero" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Blas" "apellidos" => "Poyatos-Poyatos" ] 12 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Teresa" "apellidos" => "Manjón-Collado" ] 13 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Serafín" "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Gómez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0001651920300601" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otorri.2019.12.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001651920300601?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173573520301046?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735735/0000007200000001/v1_202102090731/S2173573520301046/v1_202102090731/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173573521000053" "issn" => "21735735" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otoeng.2020.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "1042" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2021;72:1-2" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Head and neck cancer in times of COVID-19: Emotion-based medicine" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "2" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cáncer de cabeza y cuello en tiempos de COVID-19: Medicina basada en las emociones" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Alexander Sistiaga Suárez, Fernando López Álvarez, Eduardo Ferrandis Perepérez, Pablo Parente Arias, Pedro Díaz de Cerio Canduela" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J. Alexander" "apellidos" => "Sistiaga Suárez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernando" "apellidos" => "López Álvarez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo" "apellidos" => "Ferrandis Perepérez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pablo" "apellidos" => "Parente Arias" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "Díaz de Cerio Canduela" ] 5 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "on behalf of the Head and Neck and Skull Base Commission, SEORL-CCC" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S000165192030159X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.otorri.2020.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S000165192030159X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173573521000053?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735735/0000007200000001/v1_202102090731/S2173573521000053/v1_202102090731/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "ENT Involvement in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> Infections" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "10" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Francisco Javier García Callejo, Ramón Balaguer García, Miguel Juantegui Azpilicueta, José María García Aguayo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Francisco Javier" "apellidos" => "García Callejo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jgarciacall@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ramón" "apellidos" => "Balaguer García" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Miguel" "apellidos" => "Juantegui Azpilicueta" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José María" "apellidos" => "García Aguayo" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de Requena, Requena, Valencia, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Implicación ORL en infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 667 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 175785 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nasal mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Nasolabial skin plaque (A) and espundia in left nasal vestibule (B) with biopsy of the mucosal lesion showing intracellular forms of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> with Giemsa stain 10× (C).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leishmaniasis is a spectrum of diseases caused by species of the protozoan <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>, of the family Trypanosomatidae. It is an obligate intracellular parasite in humans, where it survives in its flagellate form, and it infects through the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phlebotomus</span> in the Old World, and of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lutzomyia</span> in the New World.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the intestinal tract of the vector, the protozoan evolves into flagellate form, which can be inoculated into humans and other healthy vertebrates, which become reservoirs of the parasite. These reservoirs are essentially canines in our catchment areas, but on other continents it affects up to 70 species of animals. The phlebotomus transmits the protozoa from an infected animal to a healthy animal or to humans after modifying its expression of membrane antigens in the intestine to make it infectious.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> includes more than 20 species and 3 sub-genera within complexes that are constantly being revised, producing lesions at the cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral levels through the bite of the vector, which characterise, respectively, the oriental sore or chiclero ulcer, espundia and kala-azar, as well as some disseminated and systemic variables that are highly related to immune involvement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> A high percentage of cutaneous forms and almost all mucocutaneous forms have ENT involvement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5</span></a> Ninety-five percent of these 2 forms are detected in the Americas, Ethiopia, Iran and Syria.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leishmaniasis is considered a zoonotic and emerging tropical disease, prevalent in 98 countries, with 2 million new cases per year worldwide and 350 million subjects at clear risk of contracting it. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is three times more frequent than visceral leishmaniasis, and is endemic in large tropical and subtropical areas and in the Mediterranean basin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The 2009 outbreak in the Community of Madrid was the largest in the history of the disease in Europe, which allowed the development of basic diagnostic and epidemiological behaviour patterns as to how to act in the Old World.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To appreciate the involvement of the specialty in the clinical peculiarities of this disease, the documentation reviewed typically reports short series and isolated cases. From the collection of data in a regional hospital with very particular characteristics of health care and a rural and agricultural setting, the aim was to further define the importance of the clinical manifestations of parasitosis at the head and neck level, in order to alert and make the specialist aware of its presence in our environment.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Longitudinal and retrospective study of the cases attended and diagnosed with leishmaniasis from June 1993 to the present at the Hospital General de Requena.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was carried out based on data obtained from the centre’s bank of clinical records and data extracted from the electronic medical records through the Abucasis programme, which provides coverage for the entire Valencia region.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Health Department where the review was performed provides health care to 18 municipalities corresponding to 5 Basic Health Zones, including 2 regions – La Plana de Utiel-Requena and the Valle de Ayora-Cofrentes – and 2 additional municipalities. All of which cover a mean population volume in the last 4 years of 58,500 inhabitants, to which a further 7500 are added from nearby municipalities belonging to the Autonomous Region of Castilla-La Mancha, by agreement with Insalud. This adds up to a stable population of some 66,000 individuals per year since 2015, not including the floating population which reaches a further 35,500 between the months of April and October, and who due to population logistics attend their referral hospitals if they have made occasional or intermittent medical consultations. This Health Department covers 3047.5 km<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, which makes it the largest in the Valencian Community, as well as the least populated — only the municipalities of Requena and Utiel have more than 10,000 inhabitants.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The climate is predominantly continental, with 2 maximum rainfalls in spring and autumn, and a summer minimum in July and August. It comprises up to 75% of arable land, with 5% of the territory considered wetlands.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some of the cases diagnosed, either because of their concomitant underlying disease or because they belong to other autonomous communities, could have been treated in different hospitals, although there was evidence of progression from diagnosis to definitive medical discharge of the medical problem by doctors from our Health Department.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data obtained included clinical reasons for consultation and organs affected, epidemiological characteristics of the patients, affiliation, concomitant diseases, methodology and waiting time to definitive diagnosis, treatment and response. Special emphasis was placed on those cases with contribution by ENT in the management of the disease. With the case studies obtained it was possible to define the incidence and prevalence figures of the disease in our Department.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of the cases of leishmaniasis diagnosed at the Hospital General de Requena in 26 years. This covered 13 patients, 8 males and 5 females (ratio 1.6:1), with ages ranging from 31 to 68 years (mean 53.7 ± 10.8 years). Seven cutaneous forms were detected, 4 mucocutaneous and 2 visceral.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cutaneous forms manifested in the form of a nodule or erythematous papule which, without treatment, progressed to abrasion and ulceration (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), one case of cervical adenopathy was associated. Of the mucocutaneous forms, the 3 detected in the nasal mucosa began with unilateral respiratory blockage (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) and sinusopathy (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>), and the glottic form presented dysphonia (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The 2 visceral pictures showed constitutional syndrome with abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly and fever of unknown origin, elevation of acute phase reactants, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Leishmaniasis shows a prevalence in our Health Department of 2% and an approximate incidence of cases of 1.5:100,000 inhabitants-year.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunosuppression was present in 8 of the cases (61%), of which 4 were HIV-positive. The 2 visceral forms were detected among the latter.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ENT assessment was necessary in 9 cases (69%) — the 4 mucocutaneous forms, and another 4 cutaneous and one visceral form due to the involvement of nasofacial skin or the presence of cervical adenopathy.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Up to 11 of the patients lived in towns with fewer than 5000 inhabitants (84%), and although only 2 cases were able to identify previous mosquito bites weeks or months earlier, 7 subjects lived closely with dogs (53%) —2 of them also lived with pigs and rabbits. The disease was diagnosed from 3 to 10 months after the start of symptoms, at an average of 6.5 ± 2.5 months.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 12 patients, the diagnosis was made from exudate swabs or biopsies from the affected area, identifying the amastigotes of the protozoa inside histiocytes, easily recognisable by their Giemsa dye uptake (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1, 2 and 4</a>), although haematoxylin-eosin staining also detects intracellular protozoa (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). One of the two cases of visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed by anti-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> antibody ELISA. From 2007, diagnosis was confirmed by detection of flagellar kinetoplast DNA by polymerase chain reaction, which allowed the identification of 7 cases of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania infantum</span> and one case of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania tropica</span>, corresponding to the 2011 visceral picture. In this case, amastigotes were also identified in bone marrow aspirate.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 5 cases the treatment included removal of the detected lesions — in one case of cutaneous disease the treatment was limited to surgical resection. In 11 cases pentavalent antimony compounds were used (meglumine antimoniate, Glucantime®), either intralesionally or intravenously, and in 3 cases amphotericin B was administered — in the 2 visceral forms complementarily and in the more recent mucocutaneous form as single therapy.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 12 patients (92%) parasitological cure of the disease was achieved. One of the cases with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV positive died due to systemic clinical worsening due to progression to stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span> of underlying AIDS and multiorgan failure. The other case of visceral leishmaniasis showed an intense maculopapular rash on the head, neck and back 11 months after treatment due to recurrence of the disease, and meglumine antimoniate was administered again. Other clinical complications (renal failure, TB reactivation) were adequately corrected.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Leishmaniasis is an infectious vector-borne protozoan disease in which the transmitting mosquito and the animal reservoir vary according to geographical location.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3</span></a> Cellular immunity plays a key role in the generation of disease and in the variability and severity of its manifestations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,6,10</span></a> The number of cases described has increased dramatically in the last 25 years.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the Mediterranean area the disease is endemic, and the main reservoir is the sick dog. The infection is acquired by bite, animal to animal, or by ingestion of infected meat. The vector of the disease is the blood-sucking female of various types of phlebotomus (sand fly), especially <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phlebotomus perniciosus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phlebotomus ariasi</span> in Spain, with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania infantum</span> being the predominant pathogenic species in our country.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Interhuman transmission also occurs through sharing syringes, and only exceptionally by tick bite, transfusion, through the placenta, or human to human.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Direct inhalation of the agent has not been ruled out.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The optimal conditions for the development of the mosquito are moderate temperature, with low light, high relative humidity and high organic matter content, settling in wall hallows, woodsheds and pens, with a priority seasonal life span from May to October. Other predisposing factors are socio-economic conditions, malnutrition, population movements, landscape transformation and climate change.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6,11</span></a> All these factors increase the volume of weakened reservoirs and hosts and of vector mosquito species.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until 2000, some 400 cases of leishmaniasis had been documented in Spain, but between 2000 and 2010, where were 6220 hospitalisations with this diagnosis, which was the main diagnosis in 2739, corresponding to a national average rate of 2.8 hospitalisations per 100,000 inhabitants per year and an annual prevalence of 2%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,6</span></a> There is certainly a lack of records for treated cutaneous forms not requiring admission. This reinforces the fact that the disease is widely distributed and that health professionals must be vigilant, regardless of the degree of immunosuppression.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isolated cutaneous infection is by far the most common form of the disease. The clinical spectrum offered by the insect bite is broad and varies evolutionarily from indurated papules and scaly erythema to necrotising ulcers – classically known as oriental sore – including areas of erysipelas or perichondritis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Oriental sore and chiclero ulcer, very characteristic forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis, are not, however, the most common forms of the disease – as occurred in our series –, therefore it is often the persistence and growth of lesions or loss of substance from the area involved that requires a biopsy in our setting for a differential diagnosis of keratoacanthomas and epitheliomas. The sample detects abundant leishmaniasis except in very crusted or evolved cases. If the lesion exudes a swab it is equally valid. The picture is likely to be self-limiting and go unnoticed in immunocompetents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–14</span></a> Involvement of in the head and neck is up to 50%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,15</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mucocutaneous forms are of interest to the ENT setting in 90%, generating a highly fleshy papilliform growth on the surface of the oral cavity or nostrils, indistinguishable from more common neoplasms in the area, such as fibroids, papilloma or malignant neoplasms, which are painless and have no symptoms other than those due to obstruction or dysfunction of the organ in which they are located.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,16,17</span></a> Concomitance with areas of skin induration adjacent to the oronasal orifices should raise suspicions of espundia – inflammatory and friable tissue, rich in histiocytes and macrophages full of lysosomes with amastigote forms of the protozoa – and therefore biopsy is especially indicated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,10,13,17</span></a> Lysosomal release of cytokines with necrotising capacity causes erosions in the palate, nostril floor, septum and nasal cartilages, which are highly destructive and deforming.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,18</span></a> Under conditions of immunosuppression, they destructure the architecture of the facial skeleton, with infiltration of the paranasal mucosa, thinning of its bone walls and osteochondral disintegration of the septum.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,16,19,20</span></a> They simulate granulomatous lesions of the midline with aggressive behaviour and promote the characteristic tapir’s nose deformity in advanced forms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18–20</span></a> Given their ability to spread through adjacent tissues or via the lymphohematogenous route, neoformations are described in the pharynx, tonsils and vocal folds, in which histopathological uncertainty requires samples to be taken.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,13</span></a> It was also suspected that the administration of inhaled corticosteroids favoured respiratory spread of the disease, and that the disease can progress by simple inhalation from infected areas from other animals. The latter possibility, although unverified, could explain the appearance of Leishmania lesions in territories with no vascular afferents, such as the pharyngeal tonsil, maxillary mucosa or glottal epithelium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,17</span></a> Regional adenopathies have also been documented.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The visceral form or kala azar represents distant spread of the disease, with the lowest incidence of the condition in our country due to the improvements in control and treatment of immunodeficiency states secondary to other diseases. It rarely reaches the ENT setting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,15</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most important national outbreak was detected in the southwest of the Community of Madrid (Fuenlabrada), with 758 affected between 2009 and 2018, and the main reservoir was located in hares. Mucocutaneous forms accounted for 36% of the disease and ENT involvement was present in 50% of all cases, with 320 individuals affected with skin or nasal mucosa disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> Between the summers of 2012 and 2013 another outbreak was declared in Tous (Valencia), with 19 cases detected, with an estimated incidence of 1.44% and only 21% of immunosuppression conditions - none with HIV. Eighty-nine percent of the cases were cutaneous forms, of which 56% involved the face and neck. The average time from symptom onset to notification of the disease was 133 days.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until 1985, 70% of leishmaniasis cases worldwide occurred in children under 15 years of age. Currently, more than 75% are in adults, of which 60% are infected with HIV (with a prevalence of 2%–3% in this population) and other groups of immunosuppressed patients, in the aetiopathogenesis of either of the two infectious agents, the deficient or inactive cell, the CD4 lymphocyte, disables the immune system on onset of the other.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Without doubt, the gold standard diagnosis is identification of the protozoan in its amastigote form in histiocytes and macrophages of the affected organ.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3,10,21</span></a> Its confirmation by detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> kinetoplast DNA in the specimen or patient by polymerase chain reaction provides information on the species involved and the systematic nature of the process, and although it is rarely used in field work, it has allowed the detection of 5.9% of asymptomatic patients in Spain – doubling that of France and quadrupling that of Italy or Greece – 7.9% in Brazil and up to 10% in Iran.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,22,23</span></a> Serological testing is of limited value in cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For accessibility, the tests used for asymptomatic infections or in negative biopsies include the direct agglutination test and immunofluorescence antibody titres. In epidemiological studies, the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> skin test and whole blood stimulation analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> are widely used, identifying specific IL-2 in plasma exposed to soluble <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> antigen.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The therapeutic protocol should involve a three-pronged approach: individualised treatment of each patient, notification of the disease and control of infected reservoirs.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical treatment includes physical measures for cutaneous lesions, simple removal is very widely used for the cutaneous forms in South America and the East, with various groups of drug alternatives. Antimony compounds have been the treatment of choice for 80 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The clinical response to them depends largely on the immunity of the host. The best tolerated drug is meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®) administered intralesionally or parenterally, at doses between 3 and 20 mg/kg/day for 28–40 days. The increasing resistance detected is associated with the inability of the infected macrophage to reduce the substance to its trivalent active form, characteristically in parasites with previous exposure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Therefore, miltefosine should not be the choice in mucocutaneous forms.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Its alternative is amphotericin B at an intravenous dose of .5–.7 mg/kg/day for 3–4 weeks in a liposomal presentation, allowing high doses with fewer secondary effects since macrophages trap the lysosomes by vehiculating the drug. Together with antimony compounds, they constitute the therapeutic basis for diffuse disseminated cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aminosidine or paramomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with activity against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania per se</span>, which acts synergistically with antimony compounds. Pentamidine is used at doses of 4 mg/kg/day intravenously for 3–4 weeks but is ineffective in visceral forms. Oral ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole are given for skin forms at antifungal doses for weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Spain, human leishmaniasis has been monitored since 1982 through the compulsory notification system. In 1995 the decision was made to notify it only in the 10 Autonomous Regions where the disease was endemic. In 2015 it was again considered a nationally notifiable disease, supported by the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network, which is managed by the National Epidemiology Centre. This is a decentralised structure that reflects the organisation into autonomous regions of our country in the presentation, risk pattern and distribution of the disease in the population. As it is a regional responsibility of local application, notification biases rise in hospitals caring for patients from diverse communities like ours, duplicated or lack of notification can be verified, with the consequent delay in actions for relatives, reservoirs and insects. The Department of Health of the Region of Valencia documented 100 cases in 2017 alone in the province of Valencia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Epidemiological strategies in the control of leishmaniasis should include public awareness programmes, environmental cleaning of vectors, identification of potential hosts and application protection against insects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,7,24</span></a> Blocking vector contact with wild hosts is recognised as a basic measure in this control, especially in urban areas and parks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,24</span></a></p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Spain, 5%–10% of the dog population is parasitized by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>, 20% in the Region of Valencia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,10,25</span></a> Recognition, vaccination and treatment of the animals constitute a sentinel indicator of the prevalence of infection, but this detection is not very accessible in large, unpopulated areas such as ours.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cure of cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered to be the disappearance of inflammatory signs with re-epithelisation of the ulcerated lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Mucocutaneous forms often require surgical cleaning of sterile residual granulomas in the nose causing obstruction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,10,16,18</span></a> Cure of the disease from the parasitological point of view is the disappearance of the protozoa in biopsies and, more specifically, the absence of DNA quantification in the sample or in peripheral blood.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The information provided by state and community registries coincide in a very fortuitous way, and even the latter give very different volumes of cases between hospitals that cover Health Departments that are very close to one another, which is very difficult to understand from an epidemiological point of view. Inclusion of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> in the differential diagnosis of the disease has not yet taken root among most of the physicians involved in its study, starting with the need to make the relevant Notifiable Disease reports in our country. Diagnosis by staining samples of exudate and lesion biopsies is sufficient to initiate a therapeutic protocol. Another diagnostic methodology may be unnecessary. A not insignificant volume of cases does not indicate an evident history of mosquito bite, although most of those who revealed direct contact with potentially infectious animal reservoirs had shown the presence of the protozoa. Immunodeficiency is a condition associated with the aggravation and reappearance of the condition. ENT is obviously involved in this parasitosis and the specialist must be aware of its potential presence and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, even when a multidisciplinary competence.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1462492" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1332554" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1462493" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1332553" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-09-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-11-20" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1332554" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Leishmaniasis" 1 => "Protozoan infection" 2 => "Cutaneous disease" 3 => "Mucocutaneous disease" 4 => "Biopsy" 5 => "Antimonials" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1332553" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Leishmaniasis" 1 => "Infección protozoaria" 2 => "Enfermedad cutánea" 3 => "Enfermedad mucocutánea" 4 => "Biopsia" 5 => "Antimoniales" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> that are transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine mosquitoes from animal reservoirs. Three different clinical forms are generated: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. We present the findings in the head and neck of this disease observed in our health area.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A review of the last 26 years in our hospital, noting the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of the cases detected.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thirteen cases were identified, 7 cutaneous, 4 mucocutaneous and 2 visceral or kala-azar. The mean age was 53.7 ± 10.8 years. Immunodeficiency was identified in 61% of the cases. The incidence of the disease was 1.5:100,000 inhabitants/year, with a prevalence of 2%. Of those infected, 69% had involvement of the ENT area. In 12 cases the diagnosis was established by biopsy of the lesions. The time from clinical debut to diagnosis ranged from 3 to 10 months. Antimony compounds were used as treatment in 11 patients and amphotericin B in 3, alone or combined with the former. One cutaneous form resolved with excision of the lesion. Ninety-two percent healed clinically and parasitologically.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Leishmaniasis in Spain frequently entails cutaneous and mucocutaneous involvement, often of the skin of the head, face and neck or upper-airway mucosa. Its clinical presentation varies greatly, and it should be suspected if there is no response to conventional therapies and in conditions of immunodeficiency.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La leishmaniasis comprende un grupo de enfermedades provocadas por parásitos protozoos del género <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> que se transmiten mediante la picadura de la hembra de mosquitos flebotomos infectados desde reservorios animales, generando 3 formas clínicas diferentes: cutánea, mucocutánea y visceral. Presentamos los hallazgos en cabeza y cuello de esta enfermedad observados en nuestra área de salud.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y métodos</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisión de los últimos 26 años en nuestro hospital, anotando las características clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de los casos detectados.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fueron identificados 13 casos, 7 con síndrome cutáneo, 4 mucocutáneo y 2 visceral o kala azar. Su edad media fue de 53,7 ± 10,8 años. En un 61% de los casos se verificó inmunodeficiencia. La incidencia de la enfermedad fue de 1,5:100.000 habitantes-año, con una prevalencia del 2%. El 69% de los infectados mostraron afectación del área otorrinolaringológica. En 12 casos el diagnóstico se estableció mediante biopsia de las lesiones. El tiempo desde el inicio clínico al diagnóstico osciló entre 3 y 10 meses. Como tratamiento se emplearon compuestos antimoniales en 11 pacientes y anfotericina B en 3, sola o combinada con el anterior. Una forma cutánea se resolvió con escisión de la lesión. El 92% mostró curación clínica y parasitológica.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La leishmaniasis en España genera frecuentes cuadros de afectación cutánea y mucocutánea, a menudo en la piel de cabeza, cara y cuello o mucosa de vías altas. Su presentación clínica es muy variable, debiéndose sospechar ante la ausencia de respuesta a terapias convencionales y en condiciones de inmunodeficiencia.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: García Callejo FJ, Balaguer García R, Juantegui Azpilicueta M, García Aguayo JM. Implicación ORL en infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span>. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2021;72:3–10.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 884 "Ancho" => 800 "Tamanyo" => 98746 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutaneous leishmaniasis. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> lesions in the skin of the nasal pyramid of 2 patients. Scaling papule (A) and ulcerated and exudative nodule (B) in which the swab identified macrophages infested with protozoan structures with Giemsa stain 400× (C).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 667 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 175785 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nasal mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Nasolabial skin plaque (A) and espundia in left nasal vestibule (B) with biopsy of the mucosal lesion showing intracellular forms of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> with Giemsa stain 10× (C).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 552 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 125095 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sinus mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Left maxillary occupation in CT study with fraying, rarefaction and thinning of its walls by affected mucosa (A) and biopsy of the same with detection of Leishmania with haematoxylin-eosin staining 10× (B).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1247 "Ancho" => 800 "Tamanyo" => 256523 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0020" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Glottic mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Larynx with image of diffuse nodular cobbled appearance affecting bands and vocal cords by leishmaniasis (A) and biopsy that identifies Leishmania amastigote with Giemsa stain 100× (B).</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0025" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AFB: amphotericin B; C: cutaneous; F: female; FUO: fever of unknown origin; IL: intralesional; IV: intravenous; M: male; MC: mucocutaneous; Sb: antimony compound; TB: tuberculosis; tt: treatment; V: visceral.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex-age (Years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Form \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ID \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Setting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evidence of Insect Bite \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Direct Contact With Animal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Travel to Endemic Areas \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Affected Organs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time of Onset of Symptoms- First Consultation (Months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time of First Consultation-diagnosis (Months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Response \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1995 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin ulcer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin of foot \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Removal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1997<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin nodule-ulcer (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin of nasal pyramid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Removal + IL Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1998<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F-60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nasal respiratory failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Urban \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Turbinate polyp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV Sb + removal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2002<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F-62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nasal respiratory failure (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rheumatoid arthritis with etanercept \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin of septal foot, paranasal mucosa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Removal + IL Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure. Acute chronic kidney failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FUO and constitutional syndrome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Urban \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spleen, liver, abdominal adenopathies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV Sb + IV AFB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Worsening of AIDs. Death \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin ulcer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Chronic kidney failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin of leg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IL Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure. Atrophic scar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2008<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cutaneous papule (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin of forehead, nose, trunk and limbs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin ulcer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neck skin and cervical adenopathy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IL Sb + IV Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure. Recurrence of TB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2011<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F-57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Abdominal pain and hypertransaminasaemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Aids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Liver, abdominal and mediastinal adenopathies. Facial Leishmaniasis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV AFB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Leishmaniasis after one year of tt. Adequate response afterwards \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV Sb + IV AFB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IL Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F-54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin ulcer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Chemotherapy due to ovarian cancer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Urban \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Temple and malar skin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IL Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure. Hypopigmented scar \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dysphonia (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vocal fold \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Removal + IV Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">M-42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin nodule \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Skin of the arm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IL Sb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">F-68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nasal respiratory failure (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rural \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nasolabial, septal mucosa skin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV AFB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cure. Mild kidney failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2516416.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Cases with ENT involvement in patient diagnosis and/or follow-up.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical Characteristics of Patients Attended in Our Centre With a Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An insight into the constitutive proteome throughout <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania donovani</span> promastigote growth and differentiation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.J. 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