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Case study
Haematoma of the Floor of the Mouth Associated to Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hematoma de suelo oral asociado al síndrome coronario agudo
Alejandro Pelaza,
Corresponding author
alejandropelazgarcia@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Jeremías Bayónb, Lorena Gallegoc, Luis Junqueraa
a Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
b Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
c Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
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However&#44; we have registered only 3 cases of oral floor haematomas related to using alteplase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Clinical Case</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of an 80-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital due to an acute coronary syndrome with posterior inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41;&#46; Four hours after the onset of chest pain and having established the diagnosis of STEMI&#44; we began conventional therapy &#40;aspirin&#44; clopidogrel&#44; heparin sodium and thrombolysis with 9000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>units of alteplase&#41;&#46; After 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; not fulfilling reperfusion criteria&#44; we proceeded to perform a rescue percutaneous coronary intervention &#40;PCI&#41; of the right coronary artery&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immediately after completing the thrombolysis&#44; a haematoma appeared in the oral floor&#44; with progressive growth &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46; After 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; the patient began to show obvious signs of airway involvement&#46; Being unable to carry out conventional intubation&#44; we proceeded to perform an emergency tracheostomy under local anaesthesia&#46; Once the surgery was completed&#44; we explored the oral area thoroughly&#44; finding no traumatic lesions that explained the haematoma&#46; Nevertheless&#44; we did confirm the synchronous presence of other smaller haematomas located in the abdomen&#44; right forearm and left hand&#46; We also observed epistaxis and haematuria&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Any unrecognised oropharyngeal trauma can lead to haematomas in the oral floor or upper airways&#44; especially severe in patients with coagulation disorders&#46; The genesis of these haematomas is often related to lesions secondary to bites in the context of an episode of syncope or convulsive crisis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In this context&#44; it is crucial to conduct a thorough exploration of the oral mucosa to rule out an aetiopathogenic cause of the haematoma&#46; In our patient&#44; we could not identify any suspicious area&#44; so we must accept that it originated spontaneously&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The indexed literature contains 3 similar cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> Two of them occurred in the context of acute coronary syndrome<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> and another during a transient ischemic attack&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> On two occasions&#44; no traumatic injury was identified to justify their apppearance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At any rate&#44; it is important to consider that&#44; in critically ill patients with coagulation disorders&#44; any manoeuvre aimed at maintaining airway patency&#44; including both the placement of a Guedel airway and naso- or endotracheal intubation&#44; may become an involuntary aetiopathogenic agent of the haematoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another point to consider is the type of measures to be applied after the onset of this complication and their adequate timing&#46; Surgical drainage is not usually indicated in the initial moments of the haematoma&#44; due to the diffuse and widespread nature of the bleeding&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> At this stage&#44; a close control of size and growth rate together with an evaluation of the position and size of the tongue are considered as appropriate measures&#46; For some authors&#44; the administration of corticosteroids&#44; antibiotics and oxygen therapy is recommendable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> If the haematoma is self-limited&#44; its reabsorption usually occurs around the tenth day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uncontrolled progression of the episode generally leads to a clinical situation similar to Ludwig angina&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> characterised by oral floor elevation&#44; increased tongue volume with superior and posterior displacement and loss of mobility&#46; The presence of dysarthria&#44; dysphagia&#44; drooling and dyspnoea require the adoption of an urgent therapeutic attitude to preserve airway patency&#46; Treatment can range from intubation &#40;orotracheal or nasotracheal&#41; to cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the latest protocols&#44; an active major haemorrhage would require performing a primary percutaneous coronary intervention at the expense of thrombolysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Consequently&#44; it seems advisable to carry out an oropharyngeal examination before performing thrombolysis&#44; especially in patients who have suffered a loss of consciousness&#44; trauma or manipulation of the airway in the context of cardiopulmonary resuscitation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of an 80-year-old man who developed a haematoma in the floor of the mouth after receiving alteplase in the treatment of an acute myocardial infarction&#46; Both the treatment received and appropriate preventive measures to avoid such haematomas are described&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos el caso de un paciente var&#243;n de 80 a&#241;os de edad&#44; ingresado en nuestro hospital por un s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo tratado con alteplasa&#44; tras lo cual desarroll&#243; un hematoma de suelo oral espont&#225;neo&#46; Describimos tanto el tratamiento recibido como las medidas preventivas para evitar su aparici&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735735
Original language: English
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2017 August 10 5 15
2017 July 13 6 19
2017 June 16 25 41
2017 May 19 12 31
2017 April 19 5 24
2017 March 30 21 51
2017 February 29 6 35
2017 January 23 6 29
2016 December 24 6 30
2016 November 31 8 39
2016 October 32 5 37
2016 September 47 18 65
2016 August 21 11 32
2016 July 21 1 22
2016 June 29 10 39
2016 May 31 7 38
2016 April 40 28 68
2016 March 35 14 49
2016 February 41 19 60
2016 January 34 13 47
2015 December 31 14 45
2015 November 18 20 38
2015 October 33 14 47
2015 September 33 14 47
2015 August 30 5 35
2015 July 45 5 50
2015 June 12 5 17
2015 May 20 8 28
2015 April 22 8 30
2015 March 35 7 42
2015 February 16 4 20
2015 January 35 6 41
2014 December 38 5 43
2014 November 13 4 17
2014 October 26 6 32
2014 September 28 5 33
2014 August 32 5 37
2014 July 20 2 22
2014 June 21 1 22
2014 May 29 3 32
2014 April 24 2 26
2014 March 22 4 26
2014 February 23 2 25
2014 January 18 2 20
2013 December 25 4 29
2013 November 27 2 29
2013 October 17 6 23
2013 September 18 3 21
2013 August 10 2 12
2013 July 1 0 1
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos