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Vol. 59. Issue 1.
Pages 2-5 (January 2008)
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Vol. 59. Issue 1.
Pages 2-5 (January 2008)
Efficacy of Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children With Cochlear Implant
Efecto de la vacuna heptavalente contra Streptococcus pneumoniae en niños con implante coclear
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Isabel de Miguel-Martíneza,
Corresponding author
imigmar@gobiernodecanarias.org

Correspondence: Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. Avda. Marítima, s/n. 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Las Palmas. España.
, Ángel Ramos-Macíasb, Silvia Borkoski Barreirob
a Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Maternoinfantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
b Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico Facial, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Maternoinfantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

The aim is to analyze the efficacy of heptavalent conjugate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae (VPn7) in children with cochlear implant, in relation with the eradication of nasopharyngeal carriers and the prevention of complications. Analysis of the antimicrobial resistance and sensitivity of the different pneumococci strains isolated in cochlear implant nasopharyngeal carriers and healthy non-vaccinated children.

Method

Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriers were analyzed in this prospective study including 2 groups of children aged between 2 and 5 years, from 2005 to 2006. The first group included 55 cochlear implant recipients and all of them were vaccinated with VPn7. The second group included 60 non-vaccinated healthy children. Nasopharyngeal swabs for culture were obtained from each child in order to detect the pneumococcus, its serotypes, and the sensitivity to antibiotics.

Results

In the control group of non-vaccinated children, 25% of them were found to be pharyngeal pneumococcus carriers, whereas this figure fell to 11% in the vaccinated group. The non-vaccine serotypes (83.3%) isolated in vaccinated children showed high or moderate sensitivity to penicillin. There were no complications due to S pneumoniae infections in any of the patients with cochlear implant who were vaccinated.

Conclusions

VPn7 contributes to a decrease in pharyngeal colonization by pneumococci in general and, in particular, by the pneumococcal serotypes included in the vaccine, although there is a replacement phenomenon involving non-vaccine serotypes.

Key words:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Nasopharyngeal carrier status
Pneumococcus vaccine
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar la eficacia de la vacunación conjugada heptavalente contra Streptococcus pneumoniae (VPn7) en niños con implante coclear en la eliminación de portadores nasofaríngeos y la prevención de complicaciones. Análisis de resistencia y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de las cepas de neumococos aisladas tanto en portadores nasofaríngeos con implante vacunados como en niños sanos no vacunados.

Método

Se estudia el estado de portador nasofaríngeo de neumococo mediante un análisis prospectivo en dos grupos de niños de 1 a 5 años de edad, durante los años 2005 y 2006. Un grupo incluye a 55 niños con implante coclear y vacunados con VPn7, y un segundo grupo está formado por 60 niños sanos sin vacunación. De cada paciente se recogieron muestras nasofaríngeas para la detección de neumococo, sus serotipos y su sensibilidad a antibióticos.

Resultados

El análisis del grupo control no vacunado presenta un tasa de portadores de neumococo en faringe del 25%, mientras que esta cifra disminuye al 11% en el grupo de niños vacunados. Los serotipos no vacunales (83,3%) aislados en pacientes vacunados, mostraban sensiblilidad alta o moderada a penicilina. No se han producido complicaciones a causa de infecciones por S. pneumoniae en ninguno de los pacientes implantados y vacunados.

Conclusiones

La VPn7 contribuye a la disminución de la colonización faríngea por neumococo en general y, en particular, por los serotipos de neumococo incluidos en la vacuna, aunque se produce un fenómeno de remplazo por serotipos no vacunales.

Palabras clave:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Estado de porta dor nasofaríngeo
Vacuna neumocócica

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