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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Prevalence of Auditory Neuropathy: Prospective Study in a Tertiary-Care Center
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Vol. 58. Issue 6.
Pages 239-245 (January 2007)
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Vol. 58. Issue 6.
Pages 239-245 (January 2007)
Prevalence of Auditory Neuropathy: Prospective Study in a Tertiary-Care Center
Prevalencia de la neuropatía auditiva: estudio prospectivo en un hospital de tercer nivel
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Francisco Javier Rodríguez Domínguez
Corresponding author
franrodrguez@yahoo.es

Correspondence: Periodista Antonio Herrero, 9, esc. 1, 2.° C. 30007 Murcia. España.
, José Domingo Cubillana Herrero, Nieves Cañizares Gallardo, Rafael Pérez Aguilera
Sección de Otorrinolaringología Infantil, Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Objective

The primary goal of this study is to determine the frequency of onset of this disorder in our infant population. Its clinical importance is due, among other reasons, to the fact that idiopathic cases constitute false negatives in the auditory screening programmes based on the performance of otoacoustic emissions to all newborn children and brainstem auditory evoked response only to those presenting these risk factors, for which reason another goal is to establish the prevalence of these pure cases and the diagnostic delay they cause.

Patients and method

Prospective study of all newborn children at the Virgen de la Arrixaca Mother and Child Hospital (Murcia, Spain) in the period between June 1, 2000 and June 30, 2006.

Results

Our screening programme, with a coverage of 95.68%, detected 114 patients with unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, with 6 presenting hearing loss attributable to auditory neuropathy.

Conclusions

The estimated prevalence of auditory neuropathy in our infant population turned out to be 1.406 for every 10 000 children, ie 5.26% of all sensorineural hearing loss diagnosed. Another significant finding was the delay in diagnosis, since the mean age at the moment of diagnosis was of 11.5 months, mainly due to idiopathic cases not detected during neonatal screening. Two clear conclusions can be inferred from these data: a) auditory neuropathy does not constitute an extraordinarily rare disorder, and b) idiopathic cases constitute false negatives in the universal auditory screening programmes based on the performance of otoacoustic emissions, which habitually leads to a delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Key words:
Auditory neuropathy
Prevalence
Screening
Objetivo

El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de aparición de este trastorno en nuestra población infantil. Su importancia clínica se debe, entre otros motivos, a que sus casos idiopáticos son falsos negativos de los programas de cribado auditivo basados en la realización de otoemisiones acústicas a todos los recién nacidos y potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral sólo de los que presentan dichos factores de riesgo, por lo que otro objetivo es la prevalencia de estos casos puros y el retraso diagnóstico que ocasionan.

Pacientes y método

Estudio prospectivo de todos los recién nacidos del Hospital Materno-Infantil Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia) en el período comprendido entre el 1 de junio del 2000 y el 30 de junio del 2006.

Resultados

Nuestro programa de cribado, con un índice de cobertura del 95,68%, detectó a 114 niños con hipoacusia neurosensorial unilateral o bilateral, de los que 6 presentaron una hipoacusia neurosensorial atribuible a la neuropatía auditiva.

Conclusiones

La prevalencia estimada de la neuropatía auditiva en nuestra población infantil resultó ser de 1,406 cada 10.000 niños, es decir, un 5,26% de todas las hipoacusias neurosensoriales diagnosticadas. Otro dato relevante es el retraso diagnóstico, ya que la media de edad al momento del diagnóstico fue de 11,5 meses, fundamentalmente por los casos idiopáticos que pasaron el cribado neonatal. De estos datos podemos deducir 2 claras conclusiones: a) la neuropatía auditiva no es un trastorno extraordinariamente raro, y b) los casos idiopáticos son falsos negativos de los programas de cribado auditivo universal basados en la realización de otoemisiones acústicas, lo que habitualmente conduce a un retraso diagnóstico y, por lo tanto, terapéutico.

Palabras claves:
Neuropatía auditiva
Prevalencia
Cribado

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