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Vol. 27. Issue 7.
Pages 517-523 (January 2003)
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Vol. 27. Issue 7.
Pages 517-523 (January 2003)
Cirugía del carcinoma renal con trombo tumoral en vena cava-aurícula
Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with vena cava - right atrium thrombus
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M. Ruibal Moldes1, L. Álvarez Castelo, V. Chantada Abal, A. Blanco Díez, E. Fernández Rosado, M. González Martín
Servicio de Urología. Hospital Juan Canalejo. A Coruña
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Resumen

Históricamente se consideró la presencia de trombosis tumoral de la vena cava como un factor de mal pronóstico en pacientes con carcinoma renal y controvertido el beneficio de la cirugía radical en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, la trombosis puede presentarse en ausencia de afectación ganglionar o metastásica, en cuyo caso si parece justificada una actitud quirúrgica agresiva con finalidad curativa.

Presentamos nuestra experiencia con 25 pacientes con carcinoma renal y trombo en vena cava-aurícula tratados mediante nefrectomía radical con cavotomía y resección completa del trombo tumoral. La Resonancia Nuclear Magnética (IRM) permitió establecer con exactitud el nivel del trombo en todos los casos: 56% nivel I, 8% nivel II, 26% nivel III. La serie corresponde a 14 pT3b, 8 pT3c, 3 pT4, con 48% de N+. La tasa de complicaciones operatorias fue del 36% con una mortalidad del 16%.

Pacientes sin compromiso ganglionar ni metástasis tuvieron una supervivencia media del 64%, 46% y 37% a los 2,3,4 años respectivamente. En los casos con afectación ganglionar y metastásica el pronóstico es claramente peor. No hemos encontrado una relación clara entre el nivel del trombo y la supervivencia.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma renal
Trombo tumoral
Vena cava inferior
Aurícula derecha
Cirugía radical
Pronóstico
Abstract

Historically the presence of a thrombus in vena cava was associatted with worse prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma, and the effective of surgery limited. However a extensive tumor thrombi can be present without evidence of lymph node and distant metastasis, an aggressive surgical approach with curative intent is justified.

We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with renal cell carcinoma and thrombus in vena cava and they underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy. The IRM allowed to know the level of the thrombus into vena cava in all patients: 56% level I, 8% level II, 26% level III. There were 14 pT3b, 8 pT3c, 3 pT4, and 48% N+. The rate of complications was 36% and there were 4 perioperative death (16%).

Patients without lymph node and no distant metastasis had a mean survival of 64% 46%, 37% to 2,3,4 years respectively. Patients with lymph node invasive an distant metastasis the prognosis was poor. We no noted correlation between level thrombus and prognosis.

Key words:
Renal cell carcinoma
Tumoral thrombus
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Radical surgery
Prognosis

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