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Vol. 25. Issue 5.
Pages 341-349 (May 2001)
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Vol. 25. Issue 5.
Pages 341-349 (May 2001)
Epidemiología de la litiasis urinaria
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F.M.. ALAPONT PÉREZa, J.. GÁLVEZ CALDERÓNa, J.. VAREA HERREROa, G.. COLOME BORROSa, A.. OLASO OLTRAa, J.R.. SÁNCHEZ BISONOb
a Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria.
b Análisis Estadístico.Hospital de Hellín. Hellín (Albacete).
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Se realiza un estudio epidemiológico de la enfermedad litiásica en las comarcas de la Sierra y deHellín (Albacete). Entre Enero de 1992 y Diciembre de 1999, se han recogido 887 pacientes con litiasisurinaria, analizando la incidencia hospitalaria, distribución de litiásicos por localidad, edad, sexo,antecedentes familiares de litiasis, dieta, profesión y patología concomitante, se describen las característicasgeográficas, geológicas, climáticas, composición de aguas, así como las características clínicas.
La incidencia de urolitiasis en esta área es de 2,66 por mil habitantes/año, de predominio en varonescon una relación de hombre/mujer de 1,26, la edad media es de 51,34 años (comportamientobimodal con picos en la cuarta y séptima décadas).
El 20,41% de los pacientes tienen antecedentes familiares, siendo el padre el parentesco más afectado.Las profesiones que comportan una vida sedentaria o se relacionan en ambientes calurosos tienenuna mayor incidencia de urolitiasis. Los hábitats con clima caluroso y seco favorecen la enfermedadlitiásica, produciéndose la mayor incidencia de litiasis en verano durante los meses de Julio yAgosto.
No apreciamos una influencia estadísticamente significativa entre la dureza de las aguas y la incidenciade litiasis urinaria en la población estudiada.
Palabras clave:
Litiasis urinaria
Epidemiología
Urolitiasis
An epidemiological study of urinary stone disease has been carried out in the districts of La Sierraand Hellín (Albacete, Spain). Between January 1992 and December 1999 a total of 887 patients withurinary lithiasis have been studied, analysing the numbner of patients discharged from hospital withthe primary diagnosis of lithiasis, the distribution of lithiasis by area, age, gender, family history oflithiasis, diet, occupation and concurrent pathology. The geographical, geological, and climatic conditions,the composition of the water supply and the clinical characteristics are described.
The incidence of urinary lithiasis in the whole area in 2.66 per thousand inhabitants/year, showinga male predominance with a male:female ratio of 1.26:1. The mean age was 51.34 years (bimodaldistriburion with peaks in the 4th and 7th decades).
20.41% of the patients had a family history, with the father being the most frequently affected relation.Those occupations associated with a sedentary life style or with a hot, dry workplace show a higherincidence of lithiasis. A hot, dry climate favours the formation of urinary lithiasis and the highestincidence of lithiasis is in the summer, during the months of July and August.
No statistically significant influence was shown between at the hardness of the water and the incidenceof urinary lithiasis in the study population.
Keywords:
Urinary lithiasis
Epidemiology
Urolithiasis

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