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Vol. 28. Issue 10.
Pages 714-731 (January 2004)
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Vol. 28. Issue 10.
Pages 714-731 (January 2004)
Estudio experimental sobre la viabilidad del injerto libre de epitelio urinario autólogo cultivado in vitro
Experimental study about viability of autologous free graft in vitro cultivated urinary epithelium
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E. De Diego Rodríguez1,a, A. Villanueva Peñaa, A. Roca Edreira*, B. Martín García*, J. Gómez Román**, A. Meana Infiesta***, Sara Gómez Llames***
a Servicio de Urología. Hospital Comarcal de Laredo. Cantabria.
* Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla
** Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander. Cantabria.
*** Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo
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Resumen
Objetivo

Con el presente trabajo pretendimos aplicar las técnicas de cultivo in vitro de queratinocitos así como los principios de la ingeniería tisular al epitelio urinario, con el fin de conseguir un tejido autólogo tridimensional apto para trasplantar, y confirmar a su vez la viabilidad del injerto libre del mismo en un modelo experimental.

Material y metodos

Se procedió a un diseño experimental en el animal de laboratorio donde se aplicaron las técnicas del cultivo celular y de la ingeniería de tejidos. Se obtuvieron muestras de mucosa vesical de conejo, las cuales fueron cultivadas in vitro, implantándose posteriormente el tejido obtenido en cada animal, estableciéndose 3 grupos, con diferentes periodos de seguimiento (7,14 y 30 días), para proceder al estudio histomorfológico de la viabilidad de dichos implantes.

Resultados

Se obtuvo un tejido tridimensional comppor una submucosa bioartificial a base de un gel de fibrina y fibroblastos, sobre la que descansan las células uroepiteliales, utilizando una malla de ácido poliglicólico, la cual facilitó la manipulación del tejido y el posterior injerto del mismo. Todos los implantes resultaron viables y se pudo comprobar como los injertos con mayor periodo de seguimiento (30 días) se encontraban mejor conformados, con múltiples capas celulares.

Conclusiones

Las técnicas de cultivo in vitro de queratinocitos son aplicables a otros epitelios, entre ellos el urinario. En un periodo de tiempo relativamente corto se puede obtener un tejido in vitro tridimensional apto para trasplantar. El studio histológico puso de manifiesto que el injerto libre de epitelio urinario autólogo cultivado es totalmente viable, apuntando futuras aplicaciones clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Cultivo in vitro
Urotelio
Ingeniería tisular
Implante
Abstract
Objetive

The purpose of this study is to apply the in vitro keratinocyte culture techniques and the tissue engineering principles to urothelium, to obtain a three-dimensional autologous tissue suitable for grafting. We also showed the viability of free graft cultured urothelium in an experimental model.

Material and methods

An animal experimental model was designed to apply the techniques of cellular culture and tissue engineering. Biopsy specimens of bladder mucosa were obtained, in vitro cultured and posteriorly implanted in each animal. We established three groups based on different follow-up periods (7, 14 and 30 days), and made a final histomorphological study to demonstrate the viability of the graft at the end of its respective follow-up period.

Results

A three-dimensional in vitro tissue was obtained, composed of a bio-artificial submucosa (fibrin gel and fibroblast) where the uroepithelial cells were seeding; a biodegradable polyglycolic acid mesh was used to facilitate the tissue manipulation and implantation.

In the morphological study all the implants appeared viable, but the grafts with longer implantations periods were better conformed, showing a tisular structure with multiple cellular layers.

Conclusiones

In vitro keratinocyte culture techniques could be applied to other epithelial tissues as the urothelium. We obtained a three-dimensional in vitro tissue suitable for grafting in a relatively short time.

The histological study demonstrated that free autologous urothelial graft is totally viable, opening future clinics applications.

Key words:
In vitro culture
Urothelium
Tissue engineering
Implant

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