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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas Gangrena de Fournier. Análisis descriptivo de 20 casos y revisión de la biblio...
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Vol. 33. Issue 8.
Pages 873-880 (September 2009)
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Vol. 33. Issue 8.
Pages 873-880 (September 2009)
Original – Gangrena de Fournier
Gangrena de Fournier. Análisis descriptivo de 20 casos y revisión de la bibliografía científica
Fournier's gangrene. Descriptive analysis of 20 cases and literature review
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Raúl Montoya Chinchillaa,
Corresponding author
drraulmontoya@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Emilio Izquierdo Morejona, Bogdan Nicolae Pietricicâa, Enrique Pellicer Francob, José Luis Aguayo Albasinib, Bernardino Miñana Lópeza
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario J.M. Morales Meseguer, Murcia, España
b Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General Universitario J.M. Morales Meseguer, Murcia, España
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Resumen
Introducción

La gangrena de Fournier es una fascitis necrosante que afecta habitualmente a la zona genital externa y perineal, con eventual extensión al abdomen, los miembros inferiores e incluso el tórax, con alta letalidad, que debe tratarse de manera agresiva en las primeras horas tras el diagnóstico. Se considera que enfermedades debilitantes como la diabetes mellitus u la obesidad favorecen su aparición. El factor desencadenante más frecuente es el absceso perianal.

Objetivo

Realizar un profundo análisis descriptivo sobre los factores de riesgo y las afecciones predisponentes de la gangrena de Fournier durante toda la historia de nuestro centro, durante los últimos 12 años, así como revelar la tasa de mortalidad de éstos y el número medio de reintervenciones realizadas.

Material y métodos

El estudio realizado analiza, de manera observacional y retrospectiva, a 20 pacientes diagnosticados de gangrena de Fournier, según criterios de inclusión clínicos, en el Hospital General Universitario J.M. Morales Meseguer entre 1997 y 2008.

Resultados

La gran mayoría de los pacientes revisados eran varones, con una edad media de 61 años. Todos tenían una importante afección orgánica de base; destacaba la diabetes mellitus. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 25,7 días. Fallecieron 2 pacientes y la mortalidad global fue del 10%.

Conclusiones

La gangrena de Fournier es una entidad que puede ser letal, que está favorecida por distintos factores debilitantes, cuya causa desencadenante es una enfermedad perirrectal o urogenital que no ha sido tratada correctamente. Debido a su pronóstico grave, un diagnóstico temprano y una intervención multidisciplinaria adecuada, temprana y agresiva son esenciales para una buena evolución.

Palabras clave:
Gangrena de Fournier
Fascitis necrosante
Abstract
Background

Fournier's gangrene is a necrotising fasciitis that usually affects the external genitalia and perineal area and may extend to the abdomen, lower limbs and chest. It hasa high fatality rate and must be treated aggressively within a few hours of being diagnosed. It is believed that debilitating diseases such as diabetes mellitus or obesity are conducive to its appearance. A perianal abscess is the most common trigger.

Objective

To conduct a thorough descriptive analysis of risk factors and predisposing conditions for Fournier's gangrene based on our institution's experience over the past 12 years and reveal the mortality rate for those factors as well as the average number of reoperations performed.

Material and methods

This observational retrospective study examines 20 patients, according to clinical inclusion criteria, who were diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene, and treated in J.M. Morales Meseguer Hospital between 1997 and 2008.

Results

The vast majority of patients reviewed were males, with an average age of 61 years. All patients had a significant history of organic pathology, particularly diabetes mellitus. The average hospital stay was 25.7 days. 2 patients died, and the overall mortality rate was 10%.

Conclusions

Fournier's gangrene is an entity that can be lethal and it is favoured by several debilitating factors. It is triggered by a urogenital or perirectal disease that has not been treated properly. Because of its poor prognosis, early diagnosis and an appropriate early and aggressive multidisciplinary intervention are essential for proper recovery.

Keywords:
Fournier's gangrene
Necrotising fasciitis

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