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Vol. 28. Issue 4.
Pages 327-331 (January 2004)
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Vol. 28. Issue 4.
Pages 327-331 (January 2004)
Masa quística retroperitoneal gigante: mucocele apendicular
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A. Rodríguez alonso1, G. Suárez pascual, C. Bonelli martín, A. González blanco, J. Lorenzo franco, M.Á. Cuerpo pérez, J. Nieto garcía
Servicio de Urología
C. Nogueira carballedo*, J.C. Álvarez fernández*
* Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Arquitecto Marcide. El Ferrol (La Coruña)
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Resumen
Masa quística retroperitoneal gigante: mucocele apendicular

Mucocele apendicular es un término que define la dilatación del apéndice vermiforme producida por acumulación intraluminal de moco. Son cuatro los procesos patológicos descritos que pueden ocasionar un mucocele apendicular: obturación de la comunicación cecoapendicular, hiperplasia mucosa, cistoadenoma mucinoso y cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso. De todos ellos, el cistoadenoma mucinoso es el más frecuente, observándose en el 50% de los mucoceles apendiculares.

El 6% de los pacientes con mucocele apendicular desarrollan pseudomixoma peritoneal, posiblemente por diseminación de células epiteliales al interior de la cavidad abdominal.

Es de gran importancia el diagnóstico preoperatorio de la lesión, para manipularla cuidadosamente durante el acto quirúrgico. El TAC es la exploración radiológica más precisa, aunque no existen signos patognomónicos de mucocele. En el TAC el mucocele se presenta como una masa quística bien delimitada, que comprime el ciego, sin reacción inflamatoria periférica, y con bajos niveles de atenuación, que oscilan entre densidad agua y tejido blando.

Presentamos un caso de mucocele apendicular ocasionado por un cistoadenoma mucinoso, que se presentó clínicamente como masa retroperitoneal gigante. El diagnóstico fue efectuado post-operatoriamente, tras el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica.

Palabras clave:
Mucocele
Apéndice
Cistoadenoma mucinoso
Retroperitoneo
Abstract
Giant retroperitoneal cystic mass: appendiceal mucocele

Appendiceal mucocele is a term used to describe the dilatation of the vermiform appendix produced by an intraluminal accumulation of mucus. Four pathological processes have been described that may lead to an appendiceal mucocele: obturation of cecoappendiceal communication, mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma and mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma. The most frequent is mucinous cystadenoma, seen in 50% of appendiceal mucoceles.

6% of patients with appendiceal mucocele develop peritoneal pseudomixoma, possibly through dissemination of the epithelial cells into the abdominal cavity.

Preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is particularly important in order to deal with it carefully during surgery. CT scan is the most precise radiological exploration, although there are no pathognomonic signs of mucocele. Typical CT finding of a mucocele is a well-defined cystic mass that compresses the cecum without any peripheral inflammatory reaction, and with low levels of attenuation that vary between water and soft tissue density.

We present a case of an appendiceal mucocele caused by a mucinous cystadenoma clinically presented as a giant retroperitoneal mass. Diagnosis was postoperatively made, after pathological study of the surgical sample.

Key words:
Mucocele
Appendix
Mucinous cystoadenoma
Retroperitoneum

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