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Vol. 27. Issue 2.
Pages 123-131 (January 2003)
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Vol. 27. Issue 2.
Pages 123-131 (January 2003)
Tumores vesicales inusuales: carcinoma epidermoide, adenocarcinoma y sarcoma primarios. comportamiento clínico. nuestra experiencia
“Unusual tumours of the bladder: primary epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. Clinical behaviour. our experience”
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J.A. Queipo Zaragozáa,1, F. Chicote Péreza, A. Borrell Palancaa, J.F. Beltrán Meseguera, C. Alcalá-Santaella Casanovaa, B. Martínez Garcíaa, F. Pastor Semperea
a Servicio de Urología. Hospital de Sagunto. Valencia
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Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Los tumores vesicales con un patrón morfológico no transicional, constituyen un reto diagnóstico al patólogo y terapéutico al urólogo, pues aunque son poco frecuentes (menos del 5% de los tumores malignos de vejiga), presentan un comportamiento biológico diferente que obliga a un abordaje terapéutico particular. Las variedades anatomopatológicas más importantes son: el carcinoma epidermoide, el adenocarcinoma y el sarcoma primarios. Analizamos nuestra experiencia en este tipo de tumores.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de los tumores vesicales inusuales tratados en nuestro Hospital entre 1988- 2001. Analizamos su comportamiento biológico y tratamiento aplicado. En todos ellos se descartó el origen extravesical de la tumoración.

Resultados

Encontramos 21 casos, cuyas variedades anatomopatológicas fueron: 13 Carcinomas Epidermoides, 7 Adenocarcinomas (3 de Uraco) y un Sarcoma. La edad media fue muy diferente entre los carcinomas epidermoides (69,2 ± 9,1 años) y los adenocarcinomas (50,3 ± 8,1). En las tres variedades histológicas el comportamiento fue muy agresivo. En el momento del diagnóstico 19 pacientes presentaban estadios locales avanzados (≥T2). Aunque el tratamiento electivo fue la cistectomía, sólo se pudo realizar en 10 casos. Quimioterapia sistémica (la más frecuente M-VAC) y/o RT local se aplicó en 7 casos. 14 pacientes han fallecido, con una supervivencia media de 15,7 ± 11,6 meses.

Conclusiones

El diagnóstico tardío de estos tumores y su agresivo comportamiento biológico comportan un pronóstico sombrío. Sólo un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento radical podrían mejorar su pronóstico.

Palabras clave:
Tumor vesical
Carcinoma epidermoide
Adenocarcinoma
Sarcoma
Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Non-transitional cell tumours of the bladder are both a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist and a therapeutic challenge for the urologist, because although uncommon (less than 5% of all malignancies of the bladder) they show different biological behaviours each requiring a unique approach. The most significant pathoanatomical types are: primary epidermoid carcinoma, primary adenocarcinoma and primary sarcoma. This paper presents an analysis of our experience in these types of tumours.

Material and methods

A retrospective study of unusual cases of cancer of the bladder seen in our hospital between 1988-2001. Their biological behaviour and the therapies applied are analysed. The extravesical origin of the tumour was ruled out in all cases.

Results

We found 21 cases of the following pathoanatomical varieties: 13 epidermoid carcinomas, 7 adenocarcinomas (3 urachal) and 1 sarcoma. Mean age was very different between epidermoid carcinomas (69.2 ± 9.1 years) and adenocarcinomas (50.3 ± 8.1). Tumour behaviour was very aggressive in all three histological varieties. At the time of diagnosis 19 patients had locally advanced stages (≥T2). Although elective therapy was cystectomy, this was only feasible in 10 cases. Systemic chemotherapy (most frequently M-VAC) and/or local radiotherapy was used in 7 cases. 14 patients have died after a mean survival of 15.7 ± 11.6 months.

Conclusions

Late diagnosis of these tumours and their aggressive biological behaviour involve a gloomy prognosis. Only early diagnosis and radical therapy could improve the prognosis.

Key words:
Tumour of the bladder
Epidermoid carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Sarcoma

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