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Olvera-Posada, A. García-Mora, C. Culebro-García, R. Castillejos-Molina, M. Sotomayor, G. Feria-Bernal, F. Rodríguez-Covarrubias" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Olvera-Posada" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "García-Mora" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Culebro-García" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Castillejos-Molina" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sotomayor" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Feria-Bernal" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Covarrubias" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173578613000838" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2012.03.019" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578613000838?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480612003269?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02104806/0000003700000004/v1_201304251944/S0210480612003269/v1_201304251944/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S217357861300084X" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2012.08.014" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-04-01" "aid" => "475" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2013;37:233-41" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 987 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 14 "HTML" => 799 "PDF" => 174 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Benign prostatic hyperplasia and its treatment: Impact on quality of life and sexual function" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "233" "paginaFinal" => "241" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hiperplasia benigna de próstata y su tratamiento: impacto en calidad de vida y función sexual" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1939 "Ancho" => 2159 "Tamanyo" => 200330 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the scores in the IPSS and SFI questionnaires by time in treatment, severity of urinary symptoms, and age. The averages in the IPSS score and SFI questionnaire dimensions are shown, also specified in number, as well as their standard deviations. The compared pairs are presented in the same color range. The comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney test. The not statistically significant comparisons are marked with an asterisk. For the comparisons by age and severity of urinary symptoms all the significances were <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001. For the comparisons by time in treatment we obtained <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001 for the scores SFI-‘Desire’ and SFI-‘Erection’, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.049 for SFI-‘Ejaculation’, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.728 for SFI-‘Problems’, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.023 for SFI-‘Satisfaction’ and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.023 for the summary score of the IPSS.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "D. Castro-Díaz, H. Díaz-Cuervo, M. Pérez" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Castro-Díaz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Díaz-Cuervo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Pérez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480612003312" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2012.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480612003312?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217357861300084X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003700000004/v1_201308080840/S217357861300084X/v1_201308080840/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578613000826" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2012.06.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2013-04-01" "aid" => "473" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2013;37:221-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1185 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 9 "HTML" => 975 "PDF" => 201 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluation of sperm functional parameters in normozoospermic infertile individuals" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "221" "paginaFinal" => "227" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluación de los parámetros funcionales espermáticos en individuos infértiles normozooespérmicos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1848 "Ancho" => 1506 "Tamanyo" => 94769 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comet assay. (A) Photo representative of a comet assay in an individual with idiopathic infertility; the scattering dispersion of the tail is the level of sperm DNA damage. (B) Distribution of the damage in the sperm DNA of the samples of the individuals participating in the study using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), *<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05, **<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "B.J.M. Mayorga-Torres, W. Cardona-Maya, Á. Cadavid, M. Camargo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B.J.M." "apellidos" => "Mayorga-Torres" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "W." "apellidos" => "Cardona-Maya" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Á." "apellidos" => "Cadavid" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Camargo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480612003294" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2012.06.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480612003294?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578613000826?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003700000004/v1_201308080840/S2173578613000826/v1_201308080840/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Prognostic factors in emphysematous pyelonephritis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "228" "paginaFinal" => "232" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "D. Olvera-Posada, A. García-Mora, C. Culebro-García, R. Castillejos-Molina, M. Sotomayor, G. Feria-Bernal, F. Rodríguez-Covarrubias" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Olvera-Posada" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "danielolveraposada@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "García-Mora" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Culebro-García" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Castillejos-Molina" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sotomayor" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Feria-Bernal" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Covarrubias" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Urología e Imagenología (CCG), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Factores pronósticos en pielonefritis enfisematosa" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe necrotizing upper urinary tract infection (UTI) with the presence of gas in the collecting system, renal parenchyma or adjacent structures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> This term was first used in 1962 by Schultz and Klorfein.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Despite having a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, patients often appear acutely ill, with signs of severe sepsis and/or septic shock. Most patients are diabetic, with history of previous urinary tract infections; it is well recognized this subset of patients are susceptible to rapid progression of infectious diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Females comprise the majority of patients. Management should include urinary tract obstruction relief according to the hemodynamic status. Treatment has evolved from surgical approaches to medical management (MM) and percutaneous drainage (PCD) in recent years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Although mortality rates have decreased in the last two decades to less than 25%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> there are no precise recommendations concerning the optimal strategy.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several series have reported the clinical experience in the management of this disease. Different authors have used varying definitions of clinical and biochemical outcomes. This could change the conclusions of the prognostic factors described in all the retrospective studies. We present a series of patients with EPN treated at our institution considering Intensive-Care Unit (ICU) universal standards. The purpose of this work is to analyze our experience with 18 cases of EPN in the last 5 years in a tertiary care center and describe our treatment strategy. We compared the clinical, radiological and biochemical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors to find different prognostic factors implicated in EPN.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From January 2005 to July 2010, 262 patients with acute pyelonephritis were admitted to our health care facility. Of these, 18 cases of EPN were identified. Patients with recent endourological manipulation were excluded. All patients arrived at the Emergency Room (ER) with signs and symptoms of upper UTI. After initial clinical work-up, all patients with an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showing gas accumulation within the collecting system, renal parenchyma, and/or perinephric/paranephric space, were included. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, biochemical and radiological features as well as the outcome of these patients.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic data included age, gender, comorbidities and history of recurrent UTI. Clinical features queried at presentation were the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, flank/abdominal pain and signs of systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Altered consciousness was defined as a Glasgow coma score ≤11 upon arrival to ER. We determined whether the patient presented with one or more organ failures. Mortality was defined as death secondary to the EPN episode.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At initial presentation, all patients were classified and managed according to the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” recommendations into four groups: (1) No signs of SIR; (2) sepsis; (3) severe sepsis; and (4) septic shock. SIR was defined as the presence of at least two of the following: fever, tachycardia, tachypnea and leukocytosis. Sepsis was defined as the presence of SIR associated with infection. Severe sepsis included any type of organ dysfunction (including hypotension defined as medial arterial pressure <70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg) and septic shock was sepsis-induced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory parameters included complete blood count, urinalysis, blood chemistry and microbiological cultures. Leukocytosis was defined as more than 10.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>/L leukocytes. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count lower than 150,000/L. Acute kidney injury was defined according to acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria: absolute increase in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 0.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl, a percentage increase of ≥50% or oliguria for >6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula was used to calculate the previous and acute episode glomerular filtration rate (GFR).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data from clinical follow-up, microbiological results and type of management were analyzed. MM consisted of hemodynamic stabilization, metabolic control and antibiotic coverage according to cultures. PCD and double J stent were placed based on radiologic findings and treating urologist decision. Nephrectomy was performed when medical and interventional management proved insufficient to control the infectious process.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All radiological studies were performed within the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission. All patients were submitted to an abdominal CT protocol from the base of the lungs to the pubic symphysis, using 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm slices with 120–140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kVp and 60–100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mA, depending on each patient's complexion. Multiplanar reconstruction was obtained at the moment of interpretation to aid in diagnosis. Also, modified lung window of CT images were reviewed. Radiologists and urologists discussed images and EPN was classified according to Wan and Huang criteria.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,12</span></a> We analyzed the presence of lithiasis, upper urinary tract obstruction and affected side. ICU and total hospital stay were analyzed.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between mortality and clinical data at initial work-up was analyzed to establish prognostic factors. We used Chi-square and Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-tests as appropriated and also odds ratios were calculated. We also determined the long-term impact of EPN on renal function comparing the GFR before and after the acute episode.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the 5-year period, we identified 17 women and 1 man with EPN (6.8% of all acute pyelonephritis). Mean age was 52.4 years (range 42–71). Signs of SIR were the most common features at presentation, as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Comorbidities were analyzed according to medical records and initial interview. Hypertension was found in 13 patients (72%), and diabetes in 12 (66%). The complete list of associated diseases is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Ten out of eleven diabetic patients (90%) had a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level higher than 6.5%, demonstrating poor glycemic control. All patients had at least one chronic disease responsible for altered immune response.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At initial work-up, 12 patients (67%) showed leukocytosis, 11 (61%) had acute renal injury and 5 had thrombocytopenia. Urine cultures were positive in 12 patients (66%) with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escherichia coli</span> being isolated in 9 cases. Blood cultures were taken from 13 patients. Concordance between urine and blood cultures was found in 6 cases. Other organisms isolated were <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumonia</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterococcus faecium</span>.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for organ failure, 14 patients (77%) had at least one failure, renal injury being the most prevalent (11 cases of whom one required hemodialysis). Eight patients had only one failure, four had two and two presented with three organ failures; both of them arrived with altered mental status and finally died. Clinical classification according to the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” guidelines is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radiological findings, according to the most important classifications are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. Antibiotic coverage was selected according to the Infectious Diseases department suggestions and adjusted when results of cultures were available. Cephalosporins and carbapenems were used in 8 cases each and the remaining 2 received piperacilin/tazobactam. Out of 16 survivors, 11 received intravenous (IV) antibiotics for 14 days, one for 10 days, and the remaining 3 patients over 21 days due to other infectious complications developed during their hospitalization. One patient received seven days of IV antibiotics and was discharged with oral therapy.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">9 patients received only medical therapy, 5 had a double J stent placed due to obstruction, 3 patients had a PCD placed and 1 underwent nephrectomy 19 days after admission because of persistent fever despite adequate medical management. After resolution of the acute infectious process, 2 patients underwent nephrectomy due to renal exclusion. Of 16 surviving patients, long-term outcome information was available in 15. Four of them had progression of renal failure according to the kidney disease outcome quality initiative (KDOQI) classification<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> with a mean follow-up of 25 months (1–68 months). Only one patient required hemodialysis during the acute event, returning to her basal renal function after hospital discharge.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The overall survival was 89%. Four patients required ICU management. The average of hospitalization in the survivor group was 16.5 days. A univariate analysis was done for clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics between the survivors and nonsurvivors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). Altered consciousness, multiple organ failure, hyperglycemia and leukocytosis were associated with increased mortality. We did not find differences concerning thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, hemodialysis requirement, radiological classification and type of treatment.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Comment</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">EPN constitutes a serious condition that may present as a life-threatening disease. Over the years, some authors have published different prognostic factors involved in the outcome of this disease. In a review by Ubee et al. a systolic blood pressure lower than 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg, altered mental status and an increase in serum creatinine were found as prognostic factors associated with mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Wan et al. concluded that serum creatinine was the most reliable predictor of outcome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Nevertheless, this parameter is not the most reliable indicator of renal function and the MDRD formula is recommended for better estimating the GFR.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of associated medical conditions have been described as risk factors for developing EPN. A meta-analysis by Falagas et al. showed that the most common associated disease was diabetes mellitus, present in 94.3% of the patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It is well recognized that diabetes is a very important risk factor for any type of UTI, because of both the immunosuppressive characteristic of the disease as well as the neuropathic changes produced in the lower urinary tract. In our series, we found diabetes associated with EPN in 66% of cases, most of them (90%) with poor metabolic control as measured by a level of HbA1c higher than 6.5%.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The two main radiological features used for patients with EPN are the Wan and the Huang classifications. In our series, the majority of patients were categorized under the less severe types of EPN (Wan II or Huang 1 or 2), which may have influenced our low mortality rate; however, no association could be made between the type of EPN and mortality rate.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study, a high leukocyte count, hyperglycemia, altered mental status, and multiple organ failure were more frequent in patients dying from EPN. Other authors have reported prognostic factors associated with mortality from EPN. In 1998, Wan et al. reported that the most reliable predictor of outcome was serum creatinine, establishing 1.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl or higher as poor prognosis indicator, as well as thrombocytopenia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Although we found a high prevalence of renal failure (61%), this was not significantly associated with mortality or low platelet count.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A meta-analysis by Somani et al. analyzed the importance of PCD in the management of EPN. They found that medical management combined with PCD was associated with a mortality rate of 13.5%, while emergency nephrectomy resulted in 25%, and MM alone in a 50% mortality rate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In our series, most patients were managed only with MM, with a very low mortality rate. We did not perform any emergency nephrectomy during the acute episode. This policy allowed for a very good renal function recovery rate, with only 4 patients (22%) having worsening their KDOQI functional status. We only performed PCD in 3 patients and placed a ureteral stent in another 5 due to obstruction of the affected kidney.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aswathaman et al. published a series of 41 patients treated conservatively, though this included antibiotics and PCD in some patients. Despite a 22% overall mortality rate, depending on the number of risk factors it ranged from 9% to 100%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Our mortality rate (11%) was lower than the 25% reported in a previous review,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> despite the fact that 50% of our patients were treated by non-invasive methods. This finding may be due to the aggressive approach in the ICU and ER and the strict adherence to the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” guidelines.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nephrectomy could be associated with a higher mortality rate, as it was concluded by Kapoor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Thus, we recommend that conservative therapy must be the initial step in the management of all patients with EPN as suggested by Pontin et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> An aggressive MM and the judiciously use of PCD or double J stents could prevent the need for nephrectomy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15–17</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main drawbacks of this study are its retrospective design and the limited number of patients. However, since EPN is not a common disease, the majority of series have a small number of cases. A novel contribution of our work is the incorporation of the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” guidelines in the evaluation and management of EPN as well as the use of objective definitions of acute kidney injury.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">EPN constitutes a serious and potentially lethal disease. With strict adherence to “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” guidelines, conservative therapy can be offered to these patients and invasive treatment can be judiciously individualized. Altered mental status, multiple organ failure, hyperglycemia, and elevated white blood cell count are associated with worse outcomes.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres255686" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Objectives" 2 => "Material and methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec243222" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres255685" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivos" 2 => "Material y métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec243221" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Comment" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2012-03-07" "fechaAceptado" => "2012-03-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec243222" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Emphysematous pyelonephritis" 1 => "Prognosis" 2 => "Sepsis" 3 => "Urinary tract infection" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec243221" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Pielonefritis enfisematosa" 1 => "Pronóstico" 2 => "Sepsis" 3 => "Infección de vías urinarias" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study is to analyze our experience with 18 cases of Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) in a tertiary care center and describe our treatment strategy.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of 262 patients admitted with acute pyelonephritis, 18 had CT findings of EPN. The Wan and Huang classifications were used. We assessed the clinical, radiological, and therapeutic characteristics of these patients and investigated potential prognostic factors of mortality.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Between 2005 and 2010, 17 women and 1 man with EPN were treated. Mean age was 52.4 years. Diabetes was found in 66% and hypertension in 72%. The most common clinical findings were tachycardia (11), fever (11) and flank pain (9); 66% (12) presented with severe sepsis and 2 had septic shock. Acute renal injury developed in 61%. Nine patients were treated exclusively with conservative management; 5 had double J stenting, 3 had CT-guided PCD and 1 required nephrectomy after unsuccessful medical management. Mortality was 11%. Altered consciousness (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.0001), multiple organ failure (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.0004), hyperglycemia (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.003) and elevated leukocyte count (>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000K) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01) were more frequent among patients dying from EPN. No difference in mortality was found between patients managed conservatively and those undergoing invasive therapy.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although rare, EPN should be suspected in patients with multiple comorbidities presenting with severe sepsis. Altered consciousness, multiple organ failure, hyperglycemia and elevated leukocyte count are poor prognosis indicators. Invasive management should be used judiciously and medical treatment can be a safe strategy in selected cases.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar nuestra experiencia con 18 casos de pielonefritis enfisematosa (PE) en un centro de tercer nivel.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De 262 pacientes hospitalizados por pielonefritis aguda, 18 mostraron hallazgos radiológicos de PE. Utilizamos la clasificación de Wan y Huang. Analizamos las características clínicas, radiológicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes. Buscamos factores pronósticos de mortalidad.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De 2005 a 2010 17 mujeres y un hombre recibieron tratamiento por PE. La media de edad fue de 52,4 años. El 72% de los pacientes padecían hipertensión y el 66% diabetes tipo 2. Los hallazgos clínicos más comunes fueron: taquicardia (11), fiebre (11) y dolor en flanco (9). Doce pacientes presentaron sepsis grave y 2 choque séptico. El 61% de los pacientes tuvo insuficiencia renal aguda a su ingreso. Nueve sujetos recibieron manejo conservador; se colocó catéter doble J a 5 pacientes y drenaje percutáneo a 3. Solo realizamos una nefrectomía después de un manejo conservador no exitoso. La mortalidad fue del 11%. Las alteraciones en el estado de conciencia (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,0001), disfunción orgánica múltiple (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0004), hiperglucemia (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,003) y leucocitosis (>20.000 K) (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) fueron más comunes en aquellos pacientes que no sobrevivieron. No hubo diferencias en mortalidad entre los pacientes tratados de forma conservadora (solo manejo médico) y aquellos que recibieron tratamiento invasivo.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La PE debe sospecharse en pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades que se presentan con sepsis grave. La alteración en el estado de alerta, la disfunción orgánica múltiple, la hiperglucemia y la leucocitosis son factores de mal pronóstico. El tratamiento invasivo debe utilizarse de forma juiciosa, y el tratamiento conservador puede ser una estrategia segura en casos seleccionados.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: Olvera-Posada D, et al. Factores pronósticos en pielonefritis enfitematosa. Actas Urol Esp. 2013;37:228–32.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">The original version of this paper was presented as an abstract at the annual meeting of the American Urological Association in Washington, DC, May 2011.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. (%) of patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical features</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fever \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tachycardia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Flank Pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dysuria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (33) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypotension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Macroscopic hematuria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Altered consciousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidities</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (72) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Type 2 diabetes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (66) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HbA1c >6.5%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>History of UTI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rheumatoid Arthritis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cirrhosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurogenic bladder \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab356438.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Out of 11 patients.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical features at initial workup and associated diseases.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of patients (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Septic Shock \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe Sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (67) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Non systemic inflammatory response \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab356441.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Classification according to initial presentation.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Wan</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Huang</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3a \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3b \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lithiasis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staghorn calculi</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hydronephrosis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Side</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Right \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Left \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab356439.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Radiological classifications and associated findings.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Survivors <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Non-survivors <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CI (95%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Altered consciousness</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.4–1057.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Multiple organ failure</span> (≥<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">3)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.4–1057.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Blood glucose level</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">212.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>128<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">760<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glycemia >400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.13–198.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">White blood cell count</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.7K \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.9K \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>WBC ≥20K \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.13–198.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">At least one organ failure</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.31–37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acute renal failure</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.20–27.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Thrombocytopenia</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.15–59.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Radiological classification</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Wan 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Wan 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hemodialysis requirements</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab356440.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Univariate analysis of factors associated with mortality.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute gas producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinical outcome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y.L. Wan" 1 => "T.U. Lee" 2 => "M.J. Bullard" 3 => "C.C. Tsai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1148/radiology.198.2.8596845" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Radiology" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "198" "paginaInicial" => "433" "paginaFinal" => "438" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596845" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Emphysematous pyelonephritis: clinicoradiological classification, management, prognosis, and pathogenesis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.J. Huang" 1 => "C.C. 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Original article
Prognostic factors in emphysematous pyelonephritis
Factores pronósticos en pielonefritis enfisematosa
D. Olvera-Posada
, A. García-Mora, C. Culebro-García, R. Castillejos-Molina, M. Sotomayor, G. Feria-Bernal, F. Rodríguez-Covarrubias
Corresponding author
Departamento de Urología e Imagenología (CCG), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico