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Urologia Clinica, bulletin of the Urology Service of Dr. Sánchez Covisa of the Hospital Provincial of Madrid, edited between 1928 and 1936
Urología Clínica, boletín del servicio de Urología del Dr. Sánchez Covisa del Hospital Provincial de Madrid, editado entre 1928 y 1936
Urólogos senior, Oficina de Historia, Asociación Española de Urología, Spain
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"apellidos" => "Saiz" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Urólogos senior, Oficina de Historia, Asociación Española de Urología, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>, boletín del servicio de Urología del Dr. Sánchez Covisa del Hospital Provincial de Madrid, editado entre 1928 y 1936" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 656 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 226063 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Room of files and archive.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Hospital General de Madrid was founded in 1587 by order of Philip II and with the approval of Pope Pius V, of the grouping of several small health facilities and hospitals scattered throughout Madrid. They were gathered, initially, at the Hospital de Santa Catalina, which was called Hospital General de Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación y San Roque, facing the present Palacio de las Cortes. In 1596, by order of Philip III, it moved to the Albergue de Mendigos, built on the esparto field of the southern area of the city. In 1603, Ferdinand VI ordered the construction of a new General Hospital at the end of the Atocha street, which, started in 1758, opened unfinished in 1781 during the reign of Charles III. Ferdinand VI approved the creation of the first Association of Surgeons of Spain, the Real de San Fernando, very short-lived, which was located in the General Hospital, later, in 1787, the Real Colegio de Cirugía de San Carlos settled on its ground floor.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since 1849, the center has been governed and administered by the Provincial Council and was renamed as Provincial Hospital. It was the second hospital in the country to have a Department of Urology, thanks to the doctor and provincial deputy Dr. Pulido Fernández, who with his Regulations of the Medical-Pharmaceutical corps of Charity of the Provincial Hospitals of Madrid, approved on 15th July 1889, managed the disintegration of General Surgery with the separation of the different branches of surgical specialties, among which was that of the urinary tract. It also facilitated that the teaching ability was given to these centers, as well as the awarding of specialist diploma to the doctors trained there.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first person in charge of performing genitourinary assistance was Alfredo Rodríguez Viforcos (Aravaca [Madrid], 1854–1903). He had studied Medicine at the Colegio de San Carlos, where he graduated in 1875, and in 1882, after obtaining a position as a surgeon by means of a competitive examination at the Hospital, he was appointed to the care of patients with ‘diseases of the urinary system’ because of his interest or special dedication to this disease. He excelled at his surgical skill and was appointed head of the Department following its creation in 1889. After his death, Antonio Piqueras Bravo (Madrid, 1856–1914), who entered the center thanks to a competitive examination in 1880, succeeded him as the head in 1904. Excellent clinician and experienced surgeon, completely devoted to his profession, he excelled at the treatment of wounds by bull horn. He was one of the founders of the Asociación Española de Urología.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isidro Sánchez Covisa was the third head of the Urology Department of the Provincial Hospital, in which he conducted a great urologic work between 1914 and 1936. From 1928, he managed to transform it and make it considered the best of Spain at that time. He published <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>, a journal in which, in addition to scientific articles, he meticulously exposes the changes in the Department and the work done, with careful annual statistics on the assistance given, the operations, and the mortality.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed the publication <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>, subtitled “Boletín Del Servicio de Urología del Dr. Sánchez Covisa Department”, edited in the press of the Navy Department, Madrid, and that after an exhaustive search we could only find it in the library of the Fundación Puigver, Barcelona. His aim was that the appearance was annual, but economic opportunities did not make it possible.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first issue that we have at our disposal, which takes number 2, appeared in 1931 and it includes the statistical data for the activities of the years 1928–1929 and 1929–1930, with 18 scientific articles. Number 3, 1933, concerning the years 1930–1931 and 1931–1932, has 19 items. The last one is number 1 of the second volume, 1936, and it includes the activity of the years 1933, 1934, and 1935, with 33 works. We add a short biography of the physicians of the Department.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Result</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Isidro Sanchez Covisa (Huete [Cuenca], 1879–Madrid, 1944) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), trained in Urology in the same center with Bravo Piqueras, later expanded his preparation at the Necker Hospital in Paris and London. He gained access to the Hospital by means of a selection process involving competitive examinations and interviews, in 1907, with a position in the urinary tract office, where he developed his career. He took responsibility for the leadership of the Department in 1914, he began a great both clinical and surgical work that included various studies, helped by an excellent team of contributors, and he also created a training school in the specialty. The need for better resources and conditions to treat patients led him, finally, to make a complete restructuring of the Department.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He published <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) with the idea of maintaining a scientific relationship with all the colleagues who had specialized or had improved their urological knowledge with him, with whom once scattered in different places, he wants to keep contact in order to brush up on what he had taught them and keep them well informed of ongoing urological developments. At the same time, he requests reciprocal treatment, he expects to receive contributions that show the work and urological experiences, very different in rural areas and in a large hospital, and, thus, promote contact and union between them.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After completion of the works, the Department was inaugurated in 1932, and it described in the “Bulletin” the remarkable conversion that it suffered (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>), which allows for all types of research, both diagnostic and exploratory, and the treatment practice necessary for proper and effective treatment of patients. He explained the distribution of the enclosures that it consists of, those for use in endoscopy (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>), one for men and one for women, a radiographic cabinet, an office of Pathological Anatomy, and one for the assembly of the parts of the museum, located in another room attached; a chemical and bacteriological laboratory where all the urine and renal function analytical determinations are performed on a daily basis, and which also has an electrically adjustable incubator and with a Zeiss binocular microscope; in other premises is the record of histories and the classifier files (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig. 5</a>), and, finally, the surgical department with two pieces, one aseptic (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Fig. 6</a>), and another septic.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He continued with the organization of the two hospitalization wards, the one for women, with 20 beds and 4 for children, and the one for men with 35; the latter divides it longitudinally in half by means of a partition of 1.80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m high inside which run electrical and telephone cables, and where he built a sort of a niche with glass doors to locate the container or bottle of urine ‘[...] which makes it possible to observe the appearance and amount thereof, by a glance through its transparent door [...]’; inside, and all along this wall runs a ventilation duct to prevent unpleasant odors. It has, on both sides of the wall and every 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m, partition walls, on whose sides are the beds attached and opposite by their headboards on either side of the partition wall, in which a metallic closet adjacent to each bed is built. This way, he set an appropriate distance between them, which facilitates easy access and provides some insulation. He installed, in addition, three separate rooms for paying patients and enabled a stay as a dining room, with separate tables for 4 people, also used as recreational space.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He exposed the statistics of the work carried out in the Department in the three-year period 1928–1930, which included examinations, analytical determinations, and various urological treatments with a total number of 37,710. The operations of this period were 58 nephrectomies, 4 nephrostomies, and 106 performances on the ureter, with a mortality of 12.3%. On the bladder, 65 interventions were performed, all of them hypogastric sizes due to various indications and with a mortality of 21.5%. On the prostate, hypogastric prostatectomy was performed in 16 cases in one time and 33 in two, and one perineally due to cancer; mortality was 8%. In the other processes on the urethra, 113 performances were carried out with 5 cases of death from septicemia, 61 on the penis and testicles, and 51 on the scrotum and vagina. In summary, of a total of 445 operations, overall mortality was 8.3%.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistics of years 1931 and 1932 correspond to 1830 patients, with a total of 8700 examinations and multiple determinations. Surgery decreases due to the works and not being able to include all the cases as they are incomplete – together they account for 352 – with a mortality of 5.68%.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1930, the head surgeon, Isidro Sánchez Covisa, signed 19 works and was the one who performed the majority of surgical operations. He had an excellent team of collaborators. Among them was the intern doctor Luis Resel Maceira (Madrid, 1908–1988), who studied at the Colegio de San Carlos, where he graduated in 1931. He was in charge of surgery on Mondays. Later, he was the professor in charge of the professorship in Anatomy and associate professor of Urology, at the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Complutense. In 1953, thanks to a competitive examination, he got a position as a doctor at the Provincial Charity and worked as a specialist at the Social Security.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> He wrote an article.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several external aggregate doctors excelled. Agustín Hidalgo and Fernández Caro (Santa Olaya [Toledo], 1903–Madrid, 1975), graduated in Madrid in 1927, began his specialization in the Department, in which he prolonged his stay and he used to see patients where he wrote his PhD thesis ‘The alkaline reserve in urological practice’. In 1955, he was an associate professor of Urology at the Universidad de Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and a company secretary of the Board of Directors of the AEU in 1932. He was a very prolific author, with sixteen studies. Luis Angulo Pastor (Burgos, 1906–1990), graduated in 1929 and trained at the Hospital Provincial de Madrid, stayed there with the task of performing cystoscopy on women. 5 articles are collected. Joaquín Sánchez Covisa (Huete [Cuenca], 1884–Madrid, 1973), graduated from the Universidad de Madrid in 1907, was Isidro's brother, with whom he specialized in Urology. He was also a radiologist, so he was in charge of making these explorations. He entered the Navy Medical Corps in 1912, where he attained the rank of colonel; he served at the Red Cross Hospital as well.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other medical assistants also deserve special mention. Tomás de la Maza Saavedra (La Habana [Cuba], 1896–Madrid, 1960) graduated from the Universidad de Madrid in 1919, and worked in male cystoscopy. He was the chief of the Urology Department at the Institute of Medical Pathology by Dr. Marañón and company secretary of the Board of Directors of the AEU in 1929.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> He provided 6 works. Gonzalo Sánchez Romero, a graduate from the Universidad de Madrid in 1929, attended male cystoscopy. He contributed with 5 articles. Luis Raposo Montero (A Estrada [Pontevedra], November 26, 1911) graduated in Medicine in 1933 at the Universidad de Santiago de Compostela with a rating of outstanding and extraordinary award. He went to Madrid to prepare his Ph.D. with Dr. de la Peña Díaz, who introduced him into Urology, and, decided to specialize, he entered the Department of Sánchez Covisa where he helped in female cystoscopy. After a year, he obtained a scholarship and moved to Berlin to the Virchow Hospital surgical clinic. The civil war forced him to return to Spain, he fought as a physician, and, in 1945, he began his practice in Santiago until his retirement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> He participated with a work. Fernando Lago Olano (Vigo 1908–1995) studied Medicine in Santiago de Compostela and graduated with honors in 1934. Determined to perform the urological specialty as a medical assistant in the Department of Sánchez Covisa, where female cystoscopies were also performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> José María Lastra y Campes, a Cuban trained in Havana, extended his preparation in Spain. At the Urology Department was in charge of the laboratory. He was a professor of Surgery at the Universidad de la Habana.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As long-standing boarders appear Ramiro Arroyo-López and Ramón Viscasillas, and as external students Ángel Castro, Luis Antón Salbadíe, Juan Ontoneda, Ángel González and Isidro Sánchez Covisa (son).</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the Civil War, this great task stopped and the Department unit disappeared; because of political reasons, Sánchez Covisa was exiled to South America, from where he returned in 1942, but he could not return to his job at the hospital and died in Madrid in August 1944.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After 14 years of continuous work, Isidro Sánchez Covisa, a man of upright and energetic character in his decisions, with his ability, his great authority, his persuasiveness and organization skills overcame all obstacles, and although the hospital lacked great resources, he was able to begin a gradual transformation of the Department to achieve what he calls “a complete Urological Unit”, with the expansion and modernization of its operating rooms which were equipped with the best means of exploration, so he turned it, in 1931, into an exemplary workplace, which according to Pulido Martín<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and Insausti Cordón<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>, was considered of the highest quality and prestige in Spain, comparable to the best abroad. It was also a major urology specialty schools in the first half of the twentieth century in our country, to which many doctors came, many of them Spanish Americans.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Provincial Hospital was the one with the highest capacity in Madrid and welcomed patients from everywhere, including those rejected by other centers, hence the intense activity and the difficult operations, which Dr. Sánchez Covisa, with his surgical skill, skillfully overcame.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the fifty works written, cases of tumor nephrectomy were addressed, and considerations on renal neoplasias are also made, series of operations on lithiasis with pyelolithectomies and approach of the uretheral ones, resolution of cases of hydronephrosis and urinary fistulas (uretheral, urethro-rectal, urachal, and vaginal) are presented. In complicated cases, they resort to uretero-intestinal diversion by Coffey's method, analyzing its procedure and guidelines. They also perform a total prostatectomy due to carcinoma with Young's technique. They describe infectious processes with resolution of urinous abscesses, urethral strictures, and urinary incontinence symptoms as the most outstanding articles. In addition, interesting clinical cases, of tuberculosis, of hydatidosis, and mere reviews of various casuistries are shown, as well as the analysis of their 250 suprapubic prostatectomies; finally, there are some research papers on renal function tests.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, the prestige that the Urology Unit of the Hospital Provincial de Madrid reached attracted sick people already treated and operated in their place of origin, so the pathology treated was complicated and the surgery practiced was in line with the best centers at the time, with a usually good surgical outcome and a declining mortality in recent years. The extraordinary work done, along with the quality and honesty of its display, make it worth the expression given by the above mentioned colleagues.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres100583" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Objective" 2 => "Material and methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec87748" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres100582" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivo" 2 => "Material y métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec87747" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack35370" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-07-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-09-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec87748" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "History of Urology" 1 => "Hospital Provincial of Madrid" 2 => "Dr. Isidro Sánchez Covisa" 3 => "Spanish Urology" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec87747" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Historia de la Urología" 1 => "Hospital Provincial de Madrid" 2 => "Dr. Isidro Sánchez Covisa" 3 => "Urología española" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To make known the important urological work by Sanchez Covisa, third chief of the Urology Service of the Hospital Provincial de Madrid, who beginning in 1928 was able to transform and convert it into possibly the most outstanding one of its time in Spain, comparable to the best hospitals in foreign countries.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We have analyzed the contents of the publication <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>, which collect the changes introduced and the work carried out in such service between 1928 and 1936, reflected in a careful yearly statistics on the care, operations and mortality in addition to the articles published by the members of the Service together with a short bibliographic review of each one.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In 1914, he became chief of the Service, and after 14 years, was able to overcome all the obstacles and to extend and modernize the surgery rooms, hospitalization wards and examination resources. In 1931, once the changes were made, he began important clinical and scientific activity, and constituted one of the principal urological schools of the first half of the 20th century in our country.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prestige reached by the Urology Unit of the Hospital Provincial of Madrid attracted patients from all over Spain, many of them treated or operated on in their place of origin. This explains why the condition was complicated with some acceptable results. The quality and honesty of the Urology unit justify its qualification. The works in general are mere reviews and those regarding surgery of the uretero-intestinal shunt stand out.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dar a conocer la gran labor urológica realizada por Sánchez Covisa, tercer jefe del Servicio de Urología del Hospital Provincial de Madrid, que a partir de 1928 consiguió trasformarlo y convertirlo en posiblemente el más destacado de España en ese momento, equiparable al de los mejores hospitales del extranjero.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizamos el contenido de la publicación <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>, que recoge los cambios introducidos y el trabajo llevado a cabo en dicho Servicio entre 1928 y 1936, reflejados en una cuidadosa estadística anual de la asistencia, de las operaciones y de la mortalidad, además de los artículos publicados por los miembros del Servicio junto con una breve reseña biográfica de cada uno.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 1914 accedió a la jefatura del Servicio y, tras 14 años, consiguió vencer todos los obstáculos y lograr la ampliación y modernización de sus quirófanos, salas de hospitalización y medios de exploración. En 1931, una vez ultimados los cambios, inició una gran actividad clínica y científica y constituyó una de las principales escuelas urológicas de la primera mitad del siglo XX en nuestro país.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El prestigio que alcanzó la Unidad de Urología del Hospital Provincial de Madrid atrajo pacientes de toda España, muchos de ellos ya tratados u operados en su lugar de origen, lo que ocasionaba que la patología fuera complicada, obteniendo unos aceptables resultados; la calidad y honestidad de su exposición lo hacen merecedor del calificativo asignado. Los trabajos en general son meras revisiones y, en la exposición de casos clínicos, destacan los relativos a la cirugía derivatriz ureterointestinal.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Pérez-Albacete M, Saiz A. Urología Clínica, boletín del servicio de Urología del Dr. Sánchez Covisa del Hospital Provincial de Madrid, editado entre 1928 y 1936. Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:104–109.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 800 "Ancho" => 600 "Tamanyo" => 111211 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dr. D. Isidro Sánchez Covisa.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1339 "Ancho" => 951 "Tamanyo" => 114674 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cover of the publication <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 660 "Ancho" => 951 "Tamanyo" => 219339 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Original appearance of the men's room before remodeling.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 659 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 170248 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Endoscopy room.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 656 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 226063 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Room of files and archive.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0030" "etiqueta" => "Figure 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr6.jpeg" "Alto" => 660 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 219864 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aseptic operating room.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Pulido Fernández A. Memoria sobre reformas de los servicios de los hospitales provinciales de Madrid. Madrid; 1889." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Historia del Hospital General o Provincial de Madrid, cuna de un servicio de Urología centenario" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A. Saiz Carrero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Esp Urol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "59" "paginaInicial" => "663" "paginaFinal" => "673" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17078390" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Memoria de la Excma. Diputación provincial de Madrid. 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Ponencia al IV Congreso Iberoamericano y XLVII Español de Urología, Acapulco, septiembre de 1982." ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "La enseñanza de la Urología en España en la primera mitad del siglo xx" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Pérez Albacete" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Integr Invest" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "191" "paginaFinal" => "198" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xack35370" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the librarians of the Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, Mr. Ricard Pellejero and Mr. Jordi Beneit, for the opportunities given for the study of the publication <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urología Clínica</span>.</p>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000002/v1_201304251738/S2173578612000649/v1_201304251738/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6308" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "History" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003600000002/v1_201304251738/S2173578612000649/v1_201304251738/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612000649?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 February | 48 | 0 | 48 |
| 2018 January | 28 | 0 | 28 |
| 2017 December | 50 | 1 | 51 |
| 2017 November | 33 | 0 | 33 |
| 2017 October | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2017 September | 18 | 5 | 23 |
| 2017 August | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2017 July | 15 | 3 | 18 |
| 2017 June | 28 | 3 | 31 |
| 2017 May | 22 | 1 | 23 |
| 2017 April | 26 | 1 | 27 |
| 2017 March | 24 | 60 | 84 |
| 2017 February | 36 | 1 | 37 |
| 2017 January | 27 | 0 | 27 |
| 2016 December | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2016 November | 51 | 11 | 62 |
| 2016 October | 49 | 5 | 54 |
| 2016 September | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2016 August | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2016 July | 15 | 2 | 17 |
| 2016 June | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2016 May | 32 | 18 | 50 |
| 2016 April | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2016 March | 28 | 14 | 42 |
| 2016 February | 28 | 15 | 43 |
| 2016 January | 33 | 18 | 51 |
| 2015 December | 22 | 12 | 34 |
| 2015 November | 18 | 15 | 33 |
| 2015 October | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| 2015 September | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2015 August | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2015 July | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2015 June | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2015 May | 13 | 2 | 15 |
| 2015 April | 27 | 6 | 33 |
| 2015 March | 21 | 3 | 24 |
| 2015 February | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2015 January | 29 | 1 | 30 |
| 2014 December | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2014 November | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2014 October | 49 | 6 | 55 |
| 2014 September | 38 | 5 | 43 |
| 2014 August | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2014 July | 24 | 1 | 25 |
| 2014 June | 25 | 3 | 28 |
| 2014 May | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 2014 April | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2014 March | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2014 February | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2014 January | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2013 December | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2013 November | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2013 October | 17 | 1 | 18 |
| 2013 September | 10 | 0 | 10 |
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