Effects of delivery and oophorectomy on urethral collagen: An experimental study | Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)

array:24 ["pii" => "S2173578612001345" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "401" "copyright" => "AEU" "copyrightAnyo" => "2011" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:340-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1363 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 14 "HTML" => 1075 "PDF" => 274 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210480611004207" "issn" => "02104806" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "401" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:340-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2913 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 13 "HTML" => 2339 "PDF" => 561 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Artículo original" "titulo" => "Efectos del parto y ooforectomía sobre el colágeno uretral: estudio experimental" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "340" "paginaFinal" => "345" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Effects of Delivery and Oophorectomy on Urethral Collagen: An Experimental Study" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 917 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 64436 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Imagen de tomografía computarizada donde puede observarse el balón de la sonda Foley insuflado en la vagina de una rata, a fin de simular el trabajo de parto." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M.A. Aranha, R. Tambara-Filho, R. de Fraga, D.A. da Luz-Veronez, E.L. Prisco-Farias, G. Ens" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Aranha" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Tambara-Filho" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "de Fraga" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.A." "apellidos" => "da Luz-Veronez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E.L." "apellidos" => "Prisco-Farias" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Ens" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173578612001345" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001345?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611004207?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02104806/0000003600000006/v2_201304261440/S0210480611004207/v2_201304261440/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578612001357" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.09.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "373" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:346-51" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 979 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 14 "HTML" => 723 "PDF" => 242 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Multivariate analysis of predictive factors in the evolution of renal lithiasis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "346" "paginaFinal" => "351" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análisis multivariante de factores predictivos de evolución en litiasis renal" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Pieras, J. Ruiz, A. Vicens, G. Frontera, F. Grases, P. Pizá" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Pieras" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Ruiz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Vicens" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Frontera" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Grases" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Pizá" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480611003779" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.09.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003779?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001357?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001357/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578612001333" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2012.02.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "417" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:333-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1146 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 9 "HTML" => 898 "PDF" => 239 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Special article" "titulo" => "Variability of the urological clinical practice in prostate cancer in Spain" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "333" "paginaFinal" => "339" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Variabilidad de la práctica clínica urológica en cáncer de próstata en España" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1187 "Ancho" => 1590 "Tamanyo" => 64135 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Relative indication surgery/radiotherapy in the healthcare practice of the respondents." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Núñez, J. Angulo, M. Sánchez-Chapado, S. Alonso, J.A. Portillo, H. Villavicencio" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Núñez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Angulo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Chapado" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Alonso" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Portillo" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Villavicencio" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480612000708" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2012.02.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480612000708?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001333?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001333/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Effects of delivery and oophorectomy on urethral collagen: An experimental study" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "340" "paginaFinal" => "345" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M.A. Aranha, R. Tambara-Filho, R. de Fraga, D.A. da Luz-Veronez, E.L. Prisco-Farias, G. Ens" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Aranha" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "marceloaranha@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "¿" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Tambara-Filho" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "de Fraga" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "D.A." "apellidos" => "da Luz-Veronez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E.L." "apellidos" => "Prisco-Farias" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Ens" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Urología, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Federal de Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Federal de Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Urología, Hospital General de Agudos E. Tornú, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efectos del parto y ooforectomía sobre el colágeno uretral: estudio experimental" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1255 "Ancho" => 1667 "Tamanyo" => 222184 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Collagen fibers after staining with picrosirius trichrome histochemical technique, observed under polarized light." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a problem that affects about 25 million women in the United States, and statistics show that about 30–40% of women will experience some degree of incontinence throughout their life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,2</a> Despite its high prevalence and being evaluated by various groups and countless ways, the SUI pathophysiology is not yet fully understood.It showed a direct relation between factors such as increased body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy, multiparity, vaginal delivery, the second stage of prolonged labor, and episiotomy with pelvic floor disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> However, there is no consensus on whether pregnancy or vaginal delivery is responsible for the morbidity rates in these structures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,5</a>Labor was associated with pudendal nerve injury, partial denervation of the pelvic floor, reduction of urethral pressure parameters, and alterations in innervation and in the pubococcygeus portion of the levator ani muscle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a> These changes, demonstrated through electromyography, would be the main causes of the pathogenesis of the SUI, and fecal incontinence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> On the other hand, studies related hormone deprivation with morphological alterations of the bladder and the urethra, greater prevalence of urinary symptoms and urodynamic changes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035">7,8</a> However, women with postpartum SUI tend to recover; the nulliparous ones also have SUI, and significant electrobiological alterations after vaginal delivery have not been demonstrated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">9,10</a>The continence mechanism involves the summation of various factors such as the anatomical topography of the structures involved, the vascular and muscular periurethral components, the pelvic musculature, and innervation thereof. Its structural framework consists of muscle fibers and extracellular matrix, which through its components confer carrying capacity, capacity of resistance to effort, and return to the normal form.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11,12</a> Among them, the elastic, collagen, elauline, and oxitalamic fibers; the first confer elasticity and the second resistance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">12,13</a>Several studies analyzed the alterations of collagen and its possible relation to the SUI evaluating symptomatic women and in different hormonal status; however, the results were different. In them, there has been a deficit of these fibers in incontinent patients, although it was postulated that an increase in collagen could provide greater stiffness to the extracellular matrix and cause failure in mechanical function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> This created the need to develop pilot studies using quantitative methods which reliably express the structural changes in the different tissues, with the aim of relating labor, collagen, and the changes resulting from hormonal deprivation with the SUI. Given the diversity of methods that seek to meet this condition, stereology is a very useful alternative to obtain quantitative information efficiently, without bias or systematic error, making it a good choice for the quantification of collagen fibers. This science aims to determine three-dimensional quantitative parameters of anatomical structures from two-dimensional cuts; it uses geometric and statistical principles on data obtained from optic and electron microscopy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a>This experimental work assesses the effect of simulated labor and oophorectomy on type I and III collagen fibers in the urethral tissue of rats through the stereological study of these structures. The consequences of the isolated hormone deficiency are also taken into consideration, for which differences in collagen concentrations between oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats are analyzed.Materials and methodsIn this study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Testing of the Biological Sciences Sector of the Federal University of Paraná, 60 Wistar adult rats, with an average age of 120 days, whose weight ranged between 200 and 250g, were used divided into 6 groups:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">1.Group A (control): 10 virgin rats.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">2.Group B (oophorectomized control): 10 virgin rats undergoing oophorectomy.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">3.Group C: 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 30min.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">4.Group D: 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 30min and subsequent oophorectomy.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">5.Group E: 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 120min.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030">6.Group F: 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 120min and subsequent oophorectomy.</li></ul>For the trauma simulation, the rats were anesthetized with a combination of xylazine (5mg/kg) and ketamine (100mg/kg) intraperitoneally. After induction of anesthesia, a 10 Fr Foley catheter was introduced into the vagina and the balloon was filled with 3ml saline to reach a diameter of 0.9cm. The animals positioned on the edge of the table, with the lower legs on the abdomen remained with the intravaginal balloon during the time determined for each group. Once this period was completed, the catheter was removed with the insufflated balloon (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The oophorectomy was performed immediately after vaginal distension through an anterior incision. During the first postoperative day, the animals received intramuscular analgesics (dipyrone) and associated to hydration.The dosage of estradiol was performed by means of radioimmunoassay<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> using an anti-estrogen polyclonal antibody in feces collected during the 24h prior to euthanasia and processed according to the technique described by Touma and Palme.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a>Completed 60 days after the procedure, euthanasia was performed in the rats using thiopental sodium intraperitoneally, and the bladder, the urethra, the vagina and the pelvic floor muscles were immediately resected en bloc. Then, the urethral and periurethral tissue was dissected. The urethra was sectioned longitudinally, the samples were processed and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin method and the picrosirius red.The stereological analysis of type I and type III collagen fibers was performed in random cuts and uniformly isotropic, applying the orientator method<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> in histological slides stained with the trichrome histochemical technique of picrosirius and Olympus BX5O microscope with image capture 3CCD pro-series camera. Through this method, the thickest collagen fibers, strongly birefringent, are colored in shades of orange, yellow, and red, corresponding to type I collagen. The finest and most scattered fibers, weakly birefringent, are colored in green, corresponding to type III collagen. For the histomorphological and histomorphometric analysis, the image capture program Imageproplus version 4.5 of Cybernetics® (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) was also used.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>For the analysis in proggressive sample of this paper, the orientator method was applied; we conducted a randomized selection of 5 rats per group, and 5 histological fields of each urethra randomly selected were analyzed, in total 25 fields per group. In these sectors, type I and III collagens stained with picrosirius under polarized light microscopy at 400× magnification were quantitatively analyzed. The images were captured with an Olympus DP71 camera and exported to a Sony Trinitron monitor®, frozen and digitized by an Oculus TCX (Coreco) digitizer plaque. All the images were evaluated with the Image Pro-Plus application for Windows on a Pentium III computer. The obtained values were converted into percentages (%) for obtaining the relative frequency.The data were described using mean and standard deviation values. The distribution thereof, in terms of normality, was tested through the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The measures of the oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized groups who passed the normal distribution test were studied with Student's “t” test or the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test.For the study of the measures in all the assessed groups, we used, when it was significant, the ANOVA method followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons. For the data without normal distribution, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used followed, when it was significant, by the Mann–Whitney test. The assumed significance level was 5%, and the SAS version 9.1 software was used for the analysis.ResultsDuring the experiment, two rats died. When analyzing the weight of the rats in the different groups, there was no statistical difference either between oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats or those undergoing vaginal distension.There was a statistically significant reduction in the level of estrogen of the oophorectomized rats compared to the non-oophorectomized ones (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). But in the study of multiple comparisons this difference was not significant between the controls and the groups undergoing vaginal distension for 30min.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>After the stereological analysis, there was a reduction of the amount of type III collagen fibers in the periurethral tissue of the oophorectomized animals compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in the other comparisons (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>With regard to type I collagen, it was found to be reduced in all groups in relation to the control, except in the rats undergoing vaginal distension for 120min followed by of oophorectomy. In this group, there was an increase of these fibers by analyzing only the oophorectomized groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThe development of experimental studies for the assessment of the SUI arises from the need to clarify their pathophysiology and to test therapeutic options in a controlled way, establishing cause and effect relations. The first model was described by Lin, who proposed the vaginal distension in animals through the introduction of a 10 Fr Foley catheter insufflating the balloon with 2.5ml of water for 4h. In this study, a functional, biochemical, and histopathological assessment was carried out observing a decrease in smooth and striated muscle fibers in the urethra of incontinent rats, as well as a reduction in the lymph node plexuses in the vaginal wall.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> In line with Lin, other authors developed similar studies, checked various aspects of the injuries caused by the labor simulation and tried to elucidate the pathophysiology of the SUI.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">12,20</a>Regarding the way to distend the vagina, we decided to use a 10 Fr Foley catheter and insufflated balloon with 3ml saline, as the 0.9cm diameter reached is twice the cephalic diameter of a neonate rat.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a>The pathological changes after distension include degeneration of nerve bundles, the progressive increase of the dysfunction between urethral muscle fibers and inflammatory disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">21,22</a>When trying to assess the effects of hormone deprivation associated to labor injuries, precedent protocols associated bilateral oophorectomy to vaginal distension, observing a reduction of caveloine levels<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> and an increase in the rate of apoptosis in the surface layers of the urethra in groups subjected to the double procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a>The collagen exerts an important activity in the composition and function of the urogenital system. There are about 19 types of collagen known, type I and type III collagens being of primary importance in the urogenital tract. Type I collagen is the most abundant in the skin, tendons, ligaments, and bone, corresponding to 80–90% of the total collagen in the body. Type III collagen has a similar distribution, but while type I is related to the strength and elasticity, type III relates to the support. The production and variation between the different types of collagen are regulated by various factors, among them the action of the estrogens.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> Both the hormonal influence and the role of the collagen in the urinary system have already been discussed, and some experimental studies analyzed it by means of castration protocols followed by replacement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">25,26</a>In this study, different groups of virgin rats underwent vaginal distension and bilateral oophorectomy, finding a statistically significant difference in hormone levels when comparing the groups of oophorectomized rats with the non-oophorectomized ones. However, when comparing the virgin control group to the oophorectomized control and the groups undergoing vaginal distension for 30min, the difference was not significant. This situation could be due to increased estrogen concentration in feces, which were dehydrated at the time of their collection and the pseudocyesis mechanism generated by vaginal distension.For the analysis of the collagen fibers, countless studies provide different forms of assessment, such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, electrophoresis, hydroxyproline dosage, or western blot.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a> In this study, we used stereology, a method that has a satisfactory credibility profile for quantification of collagen fibers, determining three-dimensional information from two-dimensional cuts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a>Type III collagen fibers maintained their concentration in the normoestrogenic groups, but there was a reduction thereof in the oophorectomized groups. This agrees with the findings of Rizk, who observed an alteration of the proportion collagen I/collagen III with respect to type III collagen function in oophorectomized rats receiving hormone replacement therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">25,26</a> Although Augusburger did not find the difference in the levels of type I and III collagen fibers in oophorectomized bitches.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a>As for the type I collagen, we observe a decrease of these fibers in all the groups when comparing it to the control group, except in the prolonged vaginal distension group followed by oophorectomy. Rizk also verified a reduction of type I fibers in oophorectomized groups when compared with the control group, observing the same in both young and old rats.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">25,26,28</a> However, these alterations in the collagen associated with hormonal deprivation were discarded by Chen and Falconer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">14,29</a>On the other hand, there was an increase in type I fibers in those undergoing prolonged vaginal distension and oophorectomized, although the levels did not reach those of the control group. Thus, it can be deducted that the vaginal trauma may induce an increase of the amount of such fibers when associated with hypoestrogenism.ConclusionThis study allows us to conclude that the simulation of labor does not alter the levels of type III collagen in normoestrogenic rats. Estrogen deficiency is associated with a reduction of type I and III collagen. However, prolonged trauma under hypoestrogenism conditions is associated with increased collagen I, which would generate a less elastic repair.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres101674" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Objective" 2 => "Materials and methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusion" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88842" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres101675" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivo" 2 => "Material y método" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusión" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88841" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-09-01" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-11-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88842" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Collagen I" 1 => "Collagen III" 2 => "Oophorectomy" 3 => "Estrogen" 4 => "Urethra" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88841" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Colágeno I" 1 => "Colágeno III" 2 => "Ooforectomía" 3 => "Estrógeno" 4 => "Uretra" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveStereological evaluation of the concentration of type I and III collagen fibers in the urethral tissue of rats subjected to simulated labor and oophorectomy. To compare the concentrations of collagen between oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats. Materials and methodsSixty adult Wistar rats were divided into six groups. A group made up of virgin rats was used as control group and another group was made up of oophorectomized rats. Two groups underwent vaginal distention for 30 and 120min, respectively. The two other groups were subjected to the same distension periods, followed by oophorectomy. Sixty days later, euthanasia and removal of urethral tissue was carried out for stereological analysis of type I and III collagen after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red. ResultsA decrease in estrogen levels was observed in the oophorectomized rats. There was a reduction of type III collagen in the oophorectomized control group compared to the control group when analyzed independently. No significant differences were observed among the other groups. Type I collagen decreased in all groups compared to the control group. However, in the prolonged vaginal distension and oophorectomy group, these fibers increased. ConclusionIn normal rats, simulation of labor does not alter the collagen III levels. In hypoestrogenic rats, the concentration of collagen type I and III decreased, except in those undergoing prolonged labor simulation in which collagen I increased." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoRealizar una evaluación estereológica de la concentración de fibras colágenas tipo I y III en el tejido uretral de ratas sometidas a simulación de trabajo de parto y ooforectomía. Comparar las concentraciones de colágeno entre ratas ooforectomizadas y no ooforectomizadas. Material y métodoSesenta ratas Wistar adultas se dividieron en 6 grupos. Como control se utilizó un grupo compuesto por ratas vírgenes y otro por ratas ooforectomizadas. Dos grupos se sometieron a distensión vaginal durante 30 y 120 minutos, respectivamente. Los otros dos grupos se sometieron a iguales períodos de distensión, seguidos de ooforectomía. Sesenta días después se les realizó eutanasia y extracción de tejido uretral para el análisis estereológico de las fibras colágenas tipo I y III tras tinción con hematoxilina-eosina y rojo picrosirius. ResultadosLas ratas ooforectomizadas mostraron una disminución en los niveles estrogénicos. Hubo reducción de colágeno tipo III en el grupo control ooforectomizado respecto al control al analizarse de manera independiente, sin evidenciarse diferencias significativas entre los demás grupos. El colágeno tipo I disminuyó en todos los grupos con respecto al control, pero en el grupo de distensión vaginal prolongada y ooforectomía estas fibras aumentaron. ConclusiónEn ratas normoestrogénicas la simulación del trabajo de parto no altera los niveles de colágeno III. En ratas hipoestrogénicas disminuyó la concentración de colágeno tipo I y III, pero al ser sometidas a trabajo de parto prolongado el colágeno I aumentó." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Arana MA, et al. Efectos del parto y ooforectomía sobre el colágeno uretral: estudio experimental. Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:340–5." ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1528 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 86528 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "CT image where the Foley catheter balloon insufflated into the vagina of a rat to simulate labor can be observed." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1255 "Ancho" => 1667 "Tamanyo" => 222184 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Collagen fibers after staining with picrosirius trichrome histochemical technique, observed under polarized light." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "*p1: Student's “t” test/Mann–Whitney test. **p2: Kruskal–Wallis test/ANOVA." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Level of estrogen</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">217.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">218.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Non-oophorectomized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">371.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">170.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">292.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p1 value* \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p2 value** \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184229.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Analysis of the level of estrogen (oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats)." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "*p1: Mann–Whitney test; **p2: Kruskal–Wallis test." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type III collagen</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Non-oophorectomized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p1 value*: 0.0108</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomized control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p2 value**: 0.0003</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184231.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Analysis of type III collagen fibers." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "*p1: Mann–Whitney test; **p2: Kruskal–Wallis test." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Non-oophorectomized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p1 value*: 0.8117</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomized control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vaginal distension 30min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vaginal distension 120min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomy+vaginal distension 30min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomy+vaginal distension 120min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p2 value**: 0.0008</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184230.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Analysis of type I collagen fibers." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary incontinence in women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.S. Retzky" 1 => "R.J.M. Rogers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Symp Summit" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "2" "paginaFinal" => "32" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The global burden of female pelvic floor disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K. Ketnon" 1 => "E.R. Mueller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Urol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "5" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Age- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Rortveit" 1 => "Y.S. Hannestad" 2 => "A.K. Daltveit" 3 => "S. Hunskaar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "1004" "paginaFinal" => "1010" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11755545" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pelvis architecture and urinary incontinence in women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Stav" 1 => "M. Alcalay" 2 => "S. Peleg" 3 => "A. Lindner" 4 => "G. Gayer" 5 => "I. Hershkovitz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.026" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "239" "paginaFinal" => "244" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17207915" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo de fracaso de la corrección quirúrgica de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo mediante cinta suburetral transobturatriz" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.F. Lorenzo Gómez" 1 => "A. Gómez García" 2 => "B. Padilla Fernández" 3 => "F.J. García Criado" 4 => "J.M. Silva Abuín" 5 => "J.A. Mirón Canelo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.03.009" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "454" "paginaFinal" => "458" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21550142" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effects of birth on urinary continence mechanisms and other pelvic-floor characteristics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S. Meyer" 1 => "A. Schreyer" 2 => "P. De Grandi" 3 => "P. Hohlfeld" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "92" "paginaInicial" => "613" "paginaFinal" => "618" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9764638" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The role of pudendal nerve damage in the aetiology of genuine stress incontinence in women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.R. Smith" 1 => "G.L. Hosker" 2 => "D.W. Warrell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Obstet Gynaecol" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "32" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2923841" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perineal nerve damage in genuine stress incontinence: an electrophysiology study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.J. Snooks" 1 => "D.F. Badenoch" 2 => "R.C. Tiptaft" 3 => "M. Swash" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Urol" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "57" "paginaInicial" => "422" "paginaFinal" => "426" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4027513" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postmenopausal urinary incontinence: comparison between non-estrogen-supplemented and estrogen supplemented women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.A. Fantl" 1 => "J.F. Wyman" 2 => "R.L. Anderson" 3 => "D.W. Matt" 4 => "R.C. Bump" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "71" "paginaInicial" => "823" "paginaFinal" => "828" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368166" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urodynamic investigations and their reproducibility in healthy postmenopausal females" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Sorensen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol Nephrol" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "114" "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "47" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The symptom of stress incontinence caused by pregnancy or delivery in primiparas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Viktrup" 1 => "G. Lose" 2 => "M. Rolff" 3 => "K. Barfoed" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "945" "paginaFinal" => "951" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1579319" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Rocha M. Estudo histomorfométrico e imuhistoquimico da uretra de ratas adultas após diferentes formas de parto. Tesis Doctorado em Ciencias. Escola Paulista de Medicina: Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2004." ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Structural biology of the fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G.S. Montes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1006/cbir.1996.0004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cell Biol Int" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "15" "paginaFinal" => "27" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8936403" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Different organization of collagen fibrils in stress-incontinent women of fertile age" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Falconer" 1 => "B. Blomgren" 2 => "O. Johansson" 3 => "U. Ulmsten" 4 => "A. Malmström" 5 => "G. Westergren-Thorsson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "77" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "94" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9492726" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stereological tools in biomedical research" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C. Mandarim-de-Lacerda" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "An Acad Bras Cienc" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "75" "paginaInicial" => "469" "paginaFinal" => "486" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605681" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the excretion profiles of their major urinary metabolites as measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.J. Munro" 1 => "G.H. Stabenfeldt" 2 => "J.R. Cragun" 3 => "L.A. Addiego" 4 => "J.W. Overstreet" 5 => "B.L. Lasley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chem" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "838" "paginaFinal" => "844" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2049848" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds: the importance of validation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. Touma" 1 => "R. Palme" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1196/annals.1343.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann N Y Acad Sci" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "1046" "paginaInicial" => "54" "paginaFinal" => "74" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16055843" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Orthogonal triplet probes: an efficient method for unbiased estimation of length and surface of objects with unknown orientation in space" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. Mattfeld" 1 => "H.J. Mobuis" 2 => "G. Mall" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Microsc" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "139" "paginaInicial" => "279" "paginaFinal" => "289" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3908688" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of simulated birth trauma on the urinary continence mechanism in the rat" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.S. Lin" 1 => "S. Carrier" 2 => "D.M. Morgan" 3 => "T.F. Lue" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urology" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "143" "paginaFinal" => "151" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9671889" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Animal models of female stress urinary incontinence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Hijaz" 1 => "F. Daneshgari" 2 => "K. Sievert" 3 => "M. Damaser" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Res" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "179" "paginaInicial" => "2103" "paginaFinal" => "2110" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Functional and neuroanatomical effects of vaginal distention and pudendal nerve crush in the female rat" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.S. Damaser" 1 => "C. Broxton-King" 2 => "C. Ferguson" 3 => "F.J. Kim" 4 => "J.M. Kerns" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurourol Urodyn" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "170" "paginaInicial" => "1027" "paginaFinal" => "1031" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of vaginal distension on urethral anatomy and function" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.W. Cannon" 1 => "E.M. Wojcik" 2 => "C.L. Ferguson" 3 => "S. Saraga" 4 => "C. Thomas" 5 => "M.S. Damaser" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "90" "paginaInicial" => "403" "paginaFinal" => "407" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175397" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of simulated birth trauma and/or ovariectomy on rodent continence mechanism. Part I. Functional and structural change" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K.D. Sievert" 1 => "M. Emre Bakircioglu" 2 => "T. Tsai" 3 => "S.E. Dahms" 4 => "L. Nunes" 5 => "T.F. Lue" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "166" "paginaInicial" => "311" "paginaFinal" => "317" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11435892" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term effect of ovariectomy and simulated birth trauma on the lower urinary tract of female rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Resplande" 1 => "S.S. Gholami" 2 => "T.M. Graziottin" 3 => "R. Rogers" 4 => "C.S. Lin" 5 => "W. Leng" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "168" "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "330" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12050564" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of ovariectomy and hormone replacement on collagen and blood vessels of the urethral submucosa of rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.E. Rizk" 1 => "E.P. Mensah-Brown" 2 => "S.I. Chandranath" 3 => "I. Ahmed" 4 => "M. Shafiullah" 5 => "M. Patel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00240-003-0306-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Res" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "147" "paginaFinal" => "151" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12669156" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combined estrogen and ghrelin administration restores number of blood vessels and collagen type I/III ration in uretrhal and anal canal submucosa of old ovariectomized rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.E. Rizk" 1 => "H.A. Hassan" 2 => "A.H. Al-Marzouqi" 3 => "G.A. Ramadan" 4 => "S.S. Al-Kedrah" 5 => "S.A. Daoud" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00192-007-0462-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "547" "paginaFinal" => "552" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17876488" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Immunohistochemical analysis of collagen types I, III, IV and α-actin in the urethra of sexually intact and ovariectomized beagles" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Augsburger" 1 => "M. Oswald" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00192-006-0272-x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "1071" "paginaFinal" => "1075" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17206491" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of ovariectomy on biomarkers of urogenital ageing in old versus young adult rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.E. Rizk" 1 => "M.A. Fahim" 2 => "H.A. Hassan" 3 => "A.H. Al-Marzouqi" 4 => "G.A. Ramadan" 5 => "S.S. Al-Kedrah" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00192-006-0278-4" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "1077" "paginaFinal" => "1085" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205219" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Collagen synthesis is not altered in women with stress urinary incontinence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "Y. Chen" 1 => "M. DeSautel" 2 => "A. Anderson" 3 => "G. Badlani" 4 => "L. Kushner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/nau.20006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurourol Urodyn" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "367" "paginaFinal" => "373" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15227656" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001345/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6274" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001345/v1_201304251924/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001345?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original article

Effects of delivery and oophorectomy on urethral collagen: An experimental study

Efectos del parto y ooforectomía sobre el colágeno uretral: estudio experimental

M.A. Aranhaa,

Corresponding author

marceloaranha@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.

, R. Tambara-Filhob, R. de Fragac, D.A. da Luz-Veronezc, E.L. Prisco-Fariasc, G. Ensd

a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

b Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Federal de Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

c Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Federal de Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

d Servicio de Urología, Hospital General de Agudos E. Tornú, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Read

1349

Times
was read the article

274

Total PDF

1075

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173578612001345"
  "issn" => "21735786"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.001"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
  "aid" => "401"
  "copyright" => "AEU"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:340-5"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1363
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 14
      "HTML" => 1075
      "PDF" => 274
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0210480611004207"
      "issn" => "02104806"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.012"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
      "aid" => "401"
      "copyright" => "AEU"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:340-5"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 2913
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 13
          "HTML" => 2339
          "PDF" => 561
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo original</span>"
        "titulo" => "Efectos del parto y ooforectom&#237;a sobre el col&#225;geno uretral&#58; estudio experimental"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "340"
            "paginaFinal" => "345"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Effects of Delivery and Oophorectomy on Urethral Collagen&#58; An Experimental Study"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 917
                "Ancho" => 750
                "Tamanyo" => 64436
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Imagen de tomograf&#237;a computarizada donde puede observarse el bal&#243;n de la sonda Foley insuflado en la vagina de una rata&#44; a fin de simular el trabajo de parto&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "M&#46;A&#46; Aranha, R&#46; Tambara-Filho, R&#46; de Fraga, D&#46;A&#46; da Luz-Veronez, E&#46;L&#46; Prisco-Farias, G&#46; Ens"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Aranha"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Tambara-Filho"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "de Fraga"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "D&#46;A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "da Luz-Veronez"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "E&#46;L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Prisco-Farias"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "G&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Ens"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173578612001345"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.001"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001345?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611004207?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02104806/0000003600000006/v2_201304261440/S0210480611004207/v2_201304261440/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173578612001357"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.09.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
    "aid" => "373"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:346-51"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 979
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 14
        "HTML" => 723
        "PDF" => 242
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Multivariate analysis of predictive factors in the evolution of renal lithiasis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "346"
          "paginaFinal" => "351"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis multivariante de factores predictivos de evoluci&#243;n en litiasis renal"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Pieras, J&#46; Ruiz, A&#46; Vicens, G&#46; Frontera, F&#46; Grases, P&#46; Piz&#225;"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pieras"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ruiz"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vicens"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Frontera"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Grases"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Piz&#225;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480611003779"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.09.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003779?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001357?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001357/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173578612001333"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2012.02.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
    "aid" => "417"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:333-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1146
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 9
        "HTML" => 898
        "PDF" => 239
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Variability of the urological clinical practice in prostate cancer in Spain"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "333"
          "paginaFinal" => "339"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Variabilidad de la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica urol&#243;gica en c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata en Espa&#241;a"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1187
              "Ancho" => 1590
              "Tamanyo" => 64135
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relative indication surgery&#47;radiotherapy in the healthcare practice of the respondents&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C&#46; N&#250;&#241;ez, J&#46; Angulo, M&#46; S&#225;nchez-Chapado, S&#46; Alonso, J&#46;A&#46; Portillo, H&#46; Villavicencio"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "N&#250;&#241;ez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Angulo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "S&#225;nchez-Chapado"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Alonso"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Portillo"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "H&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Villavicencio"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480612000708"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2012.02.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480612000708?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001333?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001333/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Effects of delivery and oophorectomy on urethral collagen&#58; An experimental study"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "340"
        "paginaFinal" => "345"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "M&#46;A&#46; Aranha, R&#46; Tambara-Filho, R&#46; de Fraga, D&#46;A&#46; da Luz-Veronez, E&#46;L&#46; Prisco-Farias, G&#46; Ens"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Aranha"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "marceloaranha&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Tambara-Filho"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "de Fraga"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "da Luz-Veronez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Prisco-Farias"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "G&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ens"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Urolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Nossa Senhora das Gra&#231;as&#44; Curitiba&#44; PR&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Urolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas&#44; Universidad Federal de Paran&#225;&#44; UFPR&#44; Curitiba&#44; PR&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Anatom&#237;a&#44; Facultad de Ciencias M&#233;dicas de la Universidad Federal de Paran&#225;&#44; UFPR&#44; Curitiba&#44; PR&#44; Brazil"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Urolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital General de Agudos E&#46; Torn&#250;&#44; Buenos Aires&#44; Argentina"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Efectos del parto y ooforectom&#237;a sobre el col&#225;geno uretral&#58; estudio experimental"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1255
            "Ancho" => 1667
            "Tamanyo" => 222184
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Collagen fibers after staining with picrosirius trichrome histochemical technique&#44; observed under polarized light&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stress urinary incontinence &#40;SUI&#41; is a problem that affects about 25 million women in the United States&#44; and statistics show that about 30&#8211;40&#37; of women will experience some degree of incontinence throughout their life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Despite its high prevalence and being evaluated by various groups and countless ways&#44; the SUI pathophysiology is not yet fully understood&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It showed a direct relation between factors such as increased body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; in pregnancy&#44; multiparity&#44; vaginal delivery&#44; the second stage of prolonged labor&#44; and episiotomy with pelvic floor disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> However&#44; there is no consensus on whether pregnancy or vaginal delivery is responsible for the morbidity rates in these structures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Labor was associated with pudendal nerve injury&#44; partial denervation of the pelvic floor&#44; reduction of urethral pressure parameters&#44; and alterations in innervation and in the pubococcygeus portion of the levator ani muscle&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> These changes&#44; demonstrated through electromyography&#44; would be the main causes of the pathogenesis of the SUI&#44; and fecal incontinence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> On the other hand&#44; studies related hormone deprivation with morphological alterations of the bladder and the urethra&#44; greater prevalence of urinary symptoms and urodynamic changes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> However&#44; women with postpartum SUI tend to recover&#59; the nulliparous ones also have SUI&#44; and significant electrobiological alterations after vaginal delivery have not been demonstrated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The continence mechanism involves the summation of various factors such as the anatomical topography of the structures involved&#44; the vascular and muscular periurethral components&#44; the pelvic musculature&#44; and innervation thereof&#46; Its structural framework consists of muscle fibers and extracellular matrix&#44; which through its components confer carrying capacity&#44; capacity of resistance to effort&#44; and return to the normal form&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Among them&#44; the elastic&#44; collagen&#44; elauline&#44; and oxitalamic fibers&#59; the first confer elasticity and the second resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies analyzed the alterations of collagen and its possible relation to the SUI evaluating symptomatic women and in different hormonal status&#59; however&#44; the results were different&#46; In them&#44; there has been a deficit of these fibers in incontinent patients&#44; although it was postulated that an increase in collagen could provide greater stiffness to the extracellular matrix and cause failure in mechanical function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> This created the need to develop pilot studies using quantitative methods which reliably express the structural changes in the different tissues&#44; with the aim of relating labor&#44; collagen&#44; and the changes resulting from hormonal deprivation with the SUI&#46; Given the diversity of methods that seek to meet this condition&#44; stereology is a very useful alternative to obtain quantitative information efficiently&#44; without bias or systematic error&#44; making it a good choice for the quantification of collagen fibers&#46; This science aims to determine three-dimensional quantitative parameters of anatomical structures from two-dimensional cuts&#59; it uses geometric and statistical principles on data obtained from optic and electron microscopy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This experimental work assesses the effect of simulated labor and oophorectomy on type I and III collagen fibers in the urethral tissue of rats through the stereological study of these structures&#46; The consequences of the isolated hormone deficiency are also taken into consideration&#44; for which differences in collagen concentrations between oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats are analyzed&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; which was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Testing of the Biological Sciences Sector of the Federal University of Paran&#225;&#44; 60 Wistar adult rats&#44; with an average age of 120 days&#44; whose weight ranged between 200 and 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; were used divided into 6 groups&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group A &#40;control&#41;&#58; 10 virgin rats&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group B &#40;oophorectomized control&#41;&#58; 10 virgin rats undergoing oophorectomy&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group C&#58; 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group D&#58; 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and subsequent oophorectomy&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group E&#58; 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group F&#58; 10 rats undergoing vaginal distension for 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and subsequent oophorectomy&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the trauma simulation&#44; the rats were anesthetized with a combination of xylazine &#40;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; and ketamine &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; intraperitoneally&#46; After induction of anesthesia&#44; a 10 Fr Foley catheter was introduced into the vagina and the balloon was filled with 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml saline to reach a diameter of 0&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#46; The animals positioned on the edge of the table&#44; with the lower legs on the abdomen remained with the intravaginal balloon during the time determined for each group&#46; Once this period was completed&#44; the catheter was removed with the insufflated balloon &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oophorectomy was performed immediately after vaginal distension through an anterior incision&#46; During the first postoperative day&#44; the animals received intramuscular analgesics &#40;dipyrone&#41; and associated to hydration&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The dosage of estradiol was performed by means of radioimmunoassay<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> using an anti-estrogen polyclonal antibody in feces collected during the 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h prior to euthanasia and processed according to the technique described by Touma and Palme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Completed 60 days after the procedure&#44; euthanasia was performed in the rats using thiopental sodium intraperitoneally&#44; and the bladder&#44; the urethra&#44; the vagina and the pelvic floor muscles were immediately resected en bloc&#46; Then&#44; the urethral and periurethral tissue was dissected&#46; The urethra was sectioned longitudinally&#44; the samples were processed and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin method and the picrosirius red&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The stereological analysis of type I and type III collagen fibers was performed in random cuts and uniformly isotropic&#44; applying the orientator method<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> in histological slides stained with the trichrome histochemical technique of picrosirius and Olympus BX5O microscope with image capture 3CCD pro-series camera&#46; Through this method&#44; the thickest collagen fibers&#44; strongly birefringent&#44; are colored in shades of orange&#44; yellow&#44; and red&#44; corresponding to type I collagen&#46; The finest and most scattered fibers&#44; weakly birefringent&#44; are colored in green&#44; corresponding to type III collagen&#46; For the histomorphological and histomorphometric analysis&#44; the image capture program Imageproplus version 4&#46;5 of Cybernetics<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; was also used&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the analysis in proggressive sample of this paper&#44; the orientator method was applied&#59; we conducted a randomized selection of 5 rats per group&#44; and 5 histological fields of each urethra randomly selected were analyzed&#44; in total 25 fields per group&#46; In these sectors&#44; type I and III collagens stained with picrosirius under polarized light microscopy at 400&#215; magnification were quantitatively analyzed&#46; The images were captured with an Olympus DP71 camera and exported to a Sony Trinitron monitor<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; frozen and digitized by an Oculus TCX &#40;Coreco&#41; digitizer plaque&#46; All the images were evaluated with the Image Pro-Plus application for Windows on a Pentium III computer&#46; The obtained values were converted into percentages &#40;&#37;&#41; for obtaining the relative frequency&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data were described using mean and standard deviation values&#46; The distribution thereof&#44; in terms of normality&#44; was tested through the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46; The measures of the oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized groups who passed the normal distribution test were studied with Student&#39;s &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>&#8221; test or the nonparametric Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the study of the measures in all the assessed groups&#44; we used&#44; when it was significant&#44; the ANOVA method followed by Tukey&#39;s multiple comparisons&#46; For the data without normal distribution&#44; the Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test was used followed&#44; when it was significant&#44; by the Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#46; The assumed significance level was 5&#37;&#44; and the SAS version 9&#46;1 software was used for the analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the experiment&#44; two rats died&#46; When analyzing the weight of the rats in the different groups&#44; there was no statistical difference either between oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats or those undergoing vaginal distension&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was a statistically significant reduction in the level of estrogen of the oophorectomized rats compared to the non-oophorectomized ones &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; But in the study of multiple comparisons this difference was not significant between the controls and the groups undergoing vaginal distension for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the stereological analysis&#44; there was a reduction of the amount of type III collagen fibers in the periurethral tissue of the oophorectomized animals compared to the control group&#46; There were no significant differences in the other comparisons &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to type I collagen&#44; it was found to be reduced in all groups in relation to the control&#44; except in the rats undergoing vaginal distension for 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min followed by of oophorectomy&#46; In this group&#44; there was an increase of these fibers by analyzing only the oophorectomized groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The development of experimental studies for the assessment of the SUI arises from the need to clarify their pathophysiology and to test therapeutic options in a controlled way&#44; establishing cause and effect relations&#46; The first model was described by Lin&#44; who proposed the vaginal distension in animals through the introduction of a 10 Fr Foley catheter insufflating the balloon with 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of water for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; In this study&#44; a functional&#44; biochemical&#44; and histopathological assessment was carried out observing a decrease in smooth and striated muscle fibers in the urethra of incontinent rats&#44; as well as a reduction in the lymph node plexuses in the vaginal wall&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In line with Lin&#44; other authors developed similar studies&#44; checked various aspects of the injuries caused by the labor simulation and tried to elucidate the pathophysiology of the SUI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;20</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the way to distend the vagina&#44; we decided to use a 10 Fr Foley catheter and insufflated balloon with 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml saline&#44; as the 0&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm diameter reached is twice the cephalic diameter of a neonate rat&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathological changes after distension include degeneration of nerve bundles&#44; the progressive increase of the dysfunction between urethral muscle fibers and inflammatory disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When trying to assess the effects of hormone deprivation associated to labor injuries&#44; precedent protocols associated bilateral oophorectomy to vaginal distension&#44; observing a reduction of caveloine levels<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> and an increase in the rate of apoptosis in the surface layers of the urethra in groups subjected to the double procedure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The collagen exerts an important activity in the composition and function of the urogenital system&#46; There are about 19 types of collagen known&#44; type I and type III collagens being of primary importance in the urogenital tract&#46; Type I collagen is the most abundant in the skin&#44; tendons&#44; ligaments&#44; and bone&#44; corresponding to 80&#8211;90&#37; of the total collagen in the body&#46; Type III collagen has a similar distribution&#44; but while type I is related to the strength and elasticity&#44; type III relates to the support&#46; The production and variation between the different types of collagen are regulated by various factors&#44; among them the action of the estrogens&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Both the hormonal influence and the role of the collagen in the urinary system have already been discussed&#44; and some experimental studies analyzed it by means of castration protocols followed by replacement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; different groups of virgin rats underwent vaginal distension and bilateral oophorectomy&#44; finding a statistically significant difference in hormone levels when comparing the groups of oophorectomized rats with the non-oophorectomized ones&#46; However&#44; when comparing the virgin control group to the oophorectomized control and the groups undergoing vaginal distension for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; the difference was not significant&#46; This situation could be due to increased estrogen concentration in feces&#44; which were dehydrated at the time of their collection and the pseudocyesis mechanism generated by vaginal distension&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the analysis of the collagen fibers&#44; countless studies provide different forms of assessment&#44; such as immunohistochemistry&#44; electron microscopy&#44; electrophoresis&#44; hydroxyproline dosage&#44; or western blot&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In this study&#44; we used stereology&#44; a method that has a satisfactory credibility profile for quantification of collagen fibers&#44; determining three-dimensional information from two-dimensional cuts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Type III collagen fibers maintained their concentration in the normoestrogenic groups&#44; but there was a reduction thereof in the oophorectomized groups&#46; This agrees with the findings of Rizk&#44; who observed an alteration of the proportion collagen I&#47;collagen III with respect to type III collagen function in oophorectomized rats receiving hormone replacement therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a> Although Augusburger did not find the difference in the levels of type I and III collagen fibers in oophorectomized bitches&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the type I collagen&#44; we observe a decrease of these fibers in all the groups when comparing it to the control group&#44; except in the prolonged vaginal distension group followed by oophorectomy&#46; Rizk also verified a reduction of type I fibers in oophorectomized groups when compared with the control group&#44; observing the same in both young and old rats&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26&#44;28</span></a> However&#44; these alterations in the collagen associated with hormonal deprivation were discarded by Chen and Falconer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;29</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; there was an increase in type I fibers in those undergoing prolonged vaginal distension and oophorectomized&#44; although the levels did not reach those of the control group&#46; Thus&#44; it can be deducted that the vaginal trauma may induce an increase of the amount of such fibers when associated with hypoestrogenism&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study allows us to conclude that the simulation of labor does not alter the levels of type III collagen in normoestrogenic rats&#46; Estrogen deficiency is associated with a reduction of type I and III collagen&#46; However&#44; prolonged trauma under hypoestrogenism conditions is associated with increased collagen I&#44; which would generate a less elastic repair&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres101674"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Abstract"
            1 => "Objective"
            2 => "Materials and methods"
            3 => "Results"
            4 => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88842"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres101675"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Objetivo"
            2 => "Material y m&#233;todo"
            3 => "Resultados"
            4 => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88841"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-09-01"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-11-16"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88842"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Collagen I"
            1 => "Collagen III"
            2 => "Oophorectomy"
            3 => "Estrogen"
            4 => "Urethra"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88841"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Col&#225;geno I"
            1 => "Col&#225;geno III"
            2 => "Ooforectom&#237;a"
            3 => "Estr&#243;geno"
            4 => "Uretra"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Stereological evaluation of the concentration of type I and III collagen fibers in the urethral tissue of rats subjected to simulated labor and oophorectomy&#46; To compare the concentrations of collagen between oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sixty adult Wistar rats were divided into six groups&#46; A group made up of virgin rats was used as control group and another group was made up of oophorectomized rats&#46; Two groups underwent vaginal distention for 30 and 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; respectively&#46; The two other groups were subjected to the same distension periods&#44; followed by oophorectomy&#46; Sixty days later&#44; euthanasia and removal of urethral tissue was carried out for stereological analysis of type I and III collagen after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A decrease in estrogen levels was observed in the oophorectomized rats&#46; There was a reduction of type III collagen in the oophorectomized control group compared to the control group when analyzed independently&#46; No significant differences were observed among the other groups&#46; Type I collagen decreased in all groups compared to the control group&#46; However&#44; in the prolonged vaginal distension and oophorectomy group&#44; these fibers increased&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In normal rats&#44; simulation of labor does not alter the collagen III levels&#46; In hypoestrogenic rats&#44; the concentration of collagen type I and III decreased&#44; except in those undergoing prolonged labor simulation in which collagen I increased&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Realizar una evaluaci&#243;n estereol&#243;gica de la concentraci&#243;n de fibras col&#225;genas tipo I y III en el tejido uretral de ratas sometidas a simulaci&#243;n de trabajo de parto y ooforectom&#237;a&#46; Comparar las concentraciones de col&#225;geno entre ratas ooforectomizadas y no ooforectomizadas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sesenta ratas Wistar adultas se dividieron en 6 grupos&#46; Como control se utiliz&#243; un grupo compuesto por ratas v&#237;rgenes y otro por ratas ooforectomizadas&#46; Dos grupos se sometieron a distensi&#243;n vaginal durante 30 y 120 minutos&#44; respectivamente&#46; Los otros dos grupos se sometieron a iguales per&#237;odos de distensi&#243;n&#44; seguidos de ooforectom&#237;a&#46; Sesenta d&#237;as despu&#233;s se les realiz&#243; eutanasia y extracci&#243;n de tejido uretral para el an&#225;lisis estereol&#243;gico de las fibras col&#225;genas tipo I y III tras tinci&#243;n con hematoxilina-eosina y rojo picrosirius&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las ratas ooforectomizadas mostraron una disminuci&#243;n en los niveles estrog&#233;nicos&#46; Hubo reducci&#243;n de col&#225;geno tipo III en el grupo control ooforectomizado respecto al control al analizarse de manera independiente&#44; sin evidenciarse diferencias significativas entre los dem&#225;s grupos&#46; El col&#225;geno tipo I disminuy&#243; en todos los grupos con respecto al control&#44; pero en el grupo de distensi&#243;n vaginal prolongada y ooforectom&#237;a estas fibras aumentaron&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En ratas normoestrog&#233;nicas la simulaci&#243;n del trabajo de parto no altera los niveles de col&#225;geno III&#46; En ratas hipoestrog&#233;nicas disminuy&#243; la concentraci&#243;n de col&#225;geno tipo I y III&#44; pero al ser sometidas a trabajo de parto prolongado el col&#225;geno I aument&#243;&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Arana MA&#44; et al&#46; Efectos del parto y ooforectom&#237;a sobre el col&#225;geno uretral&#58; estudio experimental&#46; Actas Urol Esp&#46; 2012&#59;36&#58;340&#8211;5&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1528
            "Ancho" => 1250
            "Tamanyo" => 86528
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CT image where the Foley catheter balloon insufflated into the vagina of a rat to simulate labor can be observed&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1255
            "Ancho" => 1667
            "Tamanyo" => 222184
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Collagen fibers after staining with picrosirius trichrome histochemical technique&#44; observed under polarized light&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>p1&#58; Student&#39;s &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>&#8221; test&#47;Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>p2&#58; Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test&#47;ANOVA&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Group&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Level of estrogen</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oophorectomized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">217&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">218&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Non-oophorectomized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">371&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">170&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">292&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p1 value<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">p2 value<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184229.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of the level of estrogen &#40;oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized rats&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>p1&#58; Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>p2&#58; Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type III collagen</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oophorectomized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-oophorectomized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p1 value<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>&#58; 0&#46;0108</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oophorectomized control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p2 value<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&#58; 0&#46;0003</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184231.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of type III collagen fibers&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>p1&#58; Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>p2&#58; Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oophorectomized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-oophorectomized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p1 value<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>&#58; 0&#46;8117</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oophorectomized control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vaginal distension 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vaginal distension 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oophorectomy<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>vaginal distension 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oophorectomy<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>vaginal distension 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>p2 value<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>&#58; 0&#46;0008</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184230.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of type I collagen fibers&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary incontinence in women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Retzky"
                            1 => "R&#46;J&#46;M&#46; Rogers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Symp Summit"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "paginaFinal" => "32"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The global burden of female pelvic floor disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Ketnon"
                            1 => "E&#46;R&#46; Mueller"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Age- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence&#58; the Norwegian EPINCONT study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Rortveit"
                            1 => "Y&#46;S&#46; Hannestad"
                            2 => "A&#46;K&#46; Daltveit"
                            3 => "S&#46; Hunskaar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1004"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1010"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11755545"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pelvis architecture and urinary incontinence in women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Stav"
                            1 => "M&#46; Alcalay"
                            2 => "S&#46; Peleg"
                            3 => "A&#46; Lindner"
                            4 => "G&#46; Gayer"
                            5 => "I&#46; Hershkovitz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.026"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17207915"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo de fracaso de la correcci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo mediante cinta suburetral transobturatriz"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;F&#46; Lorenzo G&#243;mez"
                            1 => "A&#46; G&#243;mez Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "B&#46; Padilla Fern&#225;ndez"
                            3 => "F&#46;J&#46; Garc&#237;a Criado"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Silva Abu&#237;n"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mir&#243;n Canelo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.03.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "454"
                        "paginaFinal" => "458"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21550142"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effects of birth on urinary continence mechanisms and other pelvic-floor characteristics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Meyer"
                            1 => "A&#46; Schreyer"
                            2 => "P&#46; De Grandi"
                            3 => "P&#46; Hohlfeld"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "613"
                        "paginaFinal" => "618"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9764638"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of pudendal nerve damage in the aetiology of genuine stress incontinence in women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Smith"
                            1 => "G&#46;L&#46; Hosker"
                            2 => "D&#46;W&#46; Warrell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Obstet Gynaecol"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "32"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2923841"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perineal nerve damage in genuine stress incontinence&#58; an electrophysiology study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Snooks"
                            1 => "D&#46;F&#46; Badenoch"
                            2 => "R&#46;C&#46; Tiptaft"
                            3 => "M&#46; Swash"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "422"
                        "paginaFinal" => "426"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4027513"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postmenopausal urinary incontinence&#58; comparison between non-estrogen-supplemented and estrogen supplemented women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Fantl"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Wyman"
                            2 => "R&#46;L&#46; Anderson"
                            3 => "D&#46;W&#46; Matt"
                            4 => "R&#46;C&#46; Bump"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "71"
                        "paginaInicial" => "823"
                        "paginaFinal" => "828"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3368166"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urodynamic investigations and their reproducibility in healthy postmenopausal females"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Sorensen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol Nephrol"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "42"
                        "paginaFinal" => "47"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The symptom of stress incontinence caused by pregnancy or delivery in primiparas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Viktrup"
                            1 => "G&#46; Lose"
                            2 => "M&#46; Rolff"
                            3 => "K&#46; Barfoed"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Obstet Gynecol"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "945"
                        "paginaFinal" => "951"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1579319"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Rocha M&#46; Estudo histomorfom&#233;trico e imuhistoquimico da uretra de ratas adultas ap&#243;s diferentes formas de parto&#46; Tesis Doctorado em Ciencias&#46; Escola Paulista de Medicina&#58; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo&#59; 2004&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Structural biology of the fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46;S&#46; Montes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1006/cbir.1996.0004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cell Biol Int"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "27"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8936403"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Different organization of collagen fibrils in stress-incontinent women of fertile age"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Falconer"
                            1 => "B&#46; Blomgren"
                            2 => "O&#46; Johansson"
                            3 => "U&#46; Ulmsten"
                            4 => "A&#46; Malmstr&#246;m"
                            5 => "G&#46; Westergren-Thorsson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "77"
                        "paginaInicial" => "87"
                        "paginaFinal" => "94"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9492726"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stereological tools in biomedical research"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Mandarim-de-Lacerda"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Acad Bras Cienc"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "469"
                        "paginaFinal" => "486"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605681"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the excretion profiles of their major urinary metabolites as measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;J&#46; Munro"
                            1 => "G&#46;H&#46; Stabenfeldt"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Cragun"
                            3 => "L&#46;A&#46; Addiego"
                            4 => "J&#46;W&#46; Overstreet"
                            5 => "B&#46;L&#46; Lasley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chem"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "838"
                        "paginaFinal" => "844"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2049848"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds&#58; the importance of validation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Touma"
                            1 => "R&#46; Palme"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1196/annals.1343.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann N Y Acad Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "1046"
                        "paginaInicial" => "54"
                        "paginaFinal" => "74"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16055843"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Orthogonal triplet probes&#58; an efficient method for unbiased estimation of length and surface of objects with unknown orientation in space"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Mattfeld"
                            1 => "H&#46;J&#46; Mobuis"
                            2 => "G&#46; Mall"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Microsc"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "279"
                        "paginaFinal" => "289"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3908688"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of simulated birth trauma on the urinary continence mechanism in the rat"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;S&#46; Lin"
                            1 => "S&#46; Carrier"
                            2 => "D&#46;M&#46; Morgan"
                            3 => "T&#46;F&#46; Lue"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urology"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "151"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9671889"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Animal models of female stress urinary incontinence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Hijaz"
                            1 => "F&#46; Daneshgari"
                            2 => "K&#46; Sievert"
                            3 => "M&#46; Damaser"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Res"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "179"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2103"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2110"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Functional and neuroanatomical effects of vaginal distention and pudendal nerve crush in the female rat"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;S&#46; Damaser"
                            1 => "C&#46; Broxton-King"
                            2 => "C&#46; Ferguson"
                            3 => "F&#46;J&#46; Kim"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Kerns"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurourol Urodyn"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "170"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1027"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1031"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of vaginal distension on urethral anatomy and function"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;W&#46; Cannon"
                            1 => "E&#46;M&#46; Wojcik"
                            2 => "C&#46;L&#46; Ferguson"
                            3 => "S&#46; Saraga"
                            4 => "C&#46; Thomas"
                            5 => "M&#46;S&#46; Damaser"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "90"
                        "paginaInicial" => "403"
                        "paginaFinal" => "407"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175397"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of simulated birth trauma and&#47;or ovariectomy on rodent continence mechanism&#46; Part I&#46; Functional and structural change"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;D&#46; Sievert"
                            1 => "M&#46; Emre Bakircioglu"
                            2 => "T&#46; Tsai"
                            3 => "S&#46;E&#46; Dahms"
                            4 => "L&#46; Nunes"
                            5 => "T&#46;F&#46; Lue"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "166"
                        "paginaInicial" => "311"
                        "paginaFinal" => "317"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11435892"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term effect of ovariectomy and simulated birth trauma on the lower urinary tract of female rats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Resplande"
                            1 => "S&#46;S&#46; Gholami"
                            2 => "T&#46;M&#46; Graziottin"
                            3 => "R&#46; Rogers"
                            4 => "C&#46;S&#46; Lin"
                            5 => "W&#46; Leng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "168"
                        "paginaInicial" => "323"
                        "paginaFinal" => "330"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12050564"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of ovariectomy and hormone replacement on collagen and blood vessels of the urethral submucosa of rats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;E&#46; Rizk"
                            1 => "E&#46;P&#46; Mensah-Brown"
                            2 => "S&#46;I&#46; Chandranath"
                            3 => "I&#46; Ahmed"
                            4 => "M&#46; Shafiullah"
                            5 => "M&#46; Patel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00240-003-0306-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Res"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "147"
                        "paginaFinal" => "151"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12669156"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Combined estrogen and ghrelin administration restores number of blood vessels and collagen type I&#47;III ration in uretrhal and anal canal submucosa of old ovariectomized rats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;E&#46; Rizk"
                            1 => "H&#46;A&#46; Hassan"
                            2 => "A&#46;H&#46; Al-Marzouqi"
                            3 => "G&#46;A&#46; Ramadan"
                            4 => "S&#46;S&#46; Al-Kedrah"
                            5 => "S&#46;A&#46; Daoud"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00192-007-0462-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "547"
                        "paginaFinal" => "552"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17876488"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Immunohistochemical analysis of collagen types I&#44; III&#44; IV and &#945;-actin in the urethra of sexually intact and ovariectomized beagles"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Augsburger"
                            1 => "M&#46; Oswald"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00192-006-0272-x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1071"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1075"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17206491"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of ovariectomy on biomarkers of urogenital ageing in old versus young adult rats"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;E&#46; Rizk"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Fahim"
                            2 => "H&#46;A&#46; Hassan"
                            3 => "A&#46;H&#46; Al-Marzouqi"
                            4 => "G&#46;A&#46; Ramadan"
                            5 => "S&#46;S&#46; Al-Kedrah"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00192-006-0278-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1077"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1085"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205219"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Collagen synthesis is not altered in women with stress urinary incontinence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Chen"
                            1 => "M&#46; DeSautel"
                            2 => "A&#46; Anderson"
                            3 => "G&#46; Badlani"
                            4 => "L&#46; Kushner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/nau.20006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurourol Urodyn"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
                        "paginaFinal" => "373"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15227656"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001345/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6274"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001345/v1_201304251924/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001345?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 21735786
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.001

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2018 February	6	0	6
2018 January	8	2	10
2017 December	11	1	12
2017 November	7	3	10
2017 October	13	1	14
2017 September	18	1	19
2017 August	21	6	27
2017 July	19	2	21
2017 June	19	3	22
2017 May	28	7	35
2017 April	18	17	35
2017 March	20	25	45
2017 February	19	0	19
2017 January	25	0	25
2016 December	24	0	24
2016 November	20	4	24
2016 October	35	9	44
2016 September	32	3	35
2016 August	34	1	35
2016 July	13	1	14
2016 June	9	12	21
2016 May	21	4	25
2016 April	23	7	30
2016 March	22	5	27
2016 February	30	19	49
2016 January	21	11	32
2015 December	16	11	27
2015 November	12	7	19
2015 October	19	17	36
2015 September	27	7	34
2015 August	43	11	54
2015 July	36	4	40
2015 June	17	11	28
2015 May	22	7	29
2015 April	34	4	38
2015 March	24	5	29
2015 February	21	4	25
2015 January	21	1	22
2014 December	35	14	49
2014 November	19	3	22
2014 October	41	5	46
2014 September	30	4	34
2014 August	26	3	29
2014 July	37	1	38
2014 June	14	3	17
2014 May	3	1	4
2014 January	4	2	6
2013 December	9	1	10
2013 November	10	1	11
2013 October	29	1	30
2013 September	10	2	12

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter