Usefulness of new schemes to group Fuhrman grades in clinical practice for clear cell renal tumor | Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)

array:24 ["pii" => "S2173578612001369" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "395" "copyright" => "AEU" "copyrightAnyo" => "2011" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:352-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1239 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 9 "HTML" => 995 "PDF" => 235 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210480611003998" "issn" => "02104806" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "395" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:352-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4096 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 10 "HTML" => 3721 "PDF" => 365 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Artículo original" "titulo" => "Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupación de los grados de Fuhrman en la práctica clínica para el tumor renal de células claras" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "352" "paginaFinal" => "358" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Usefulness of New Schemes to Group Fuhrman Grades in Clinical Practice for Clear Cell Renal Tumour" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1090 "Ancho" => 3056 "Tamanyo" => 188319 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Curvas de Kaplan-Meyer para la supervivencia cáncer-específica según el tipo de clasificación." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Morán, R. Rogel, A. Soto, J.L. Ruiz-Cerdá, A. Budía, J.V. Salom, J.F. Jiménez-Cruz" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Morán" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Rogel" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Soto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Cerdá" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Budía" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.V." "apellidos" => "Salom" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.F." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Cruz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173578612001369" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001369?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003998?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02104806/0000003600000006/v2_201304261440/S0210480611003998/v2_201304261440/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578612001370" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "394" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "dis" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:359-60" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1001 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 11 "HTML" => 796 "PDF" => 194 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Commentary" "titulo" => "Comment to “Is a new classification of the Fuhrman grade in clear cell renal cell carcinomas feasible?”" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "359" "paginaFinal" => "360" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Comentario a «¿Es factible una nueva clasificación del grado de Fuhrman en el tumor renal de células claras?»" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.I. López" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "López" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480611003986" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003986?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001370?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001370/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578612001357" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.09.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01" "aid" => "373" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:346-51" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 979 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 14 "HTML" => 723 "PDF" => 242 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Multivariate analysis of predictive factors in the evolution of renal lithiasis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "346" "paginaFinal" => "351" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análisis multivariante de factores predictivos de evolución en litiasis renal" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Pieras, J. Ruiz, A. Vicens, G. Frontera, F. Grases, P. Pizá" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Pieras" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Ruiz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Vicens" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Frontera" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Grases" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Pizá" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480611003779" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.09.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003779?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001357?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001357/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Usefulness of new schemes to group Fuhrman grades in clinical practice for clear cell renal tumor" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "352" "paginaFinal" => "358" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Morán, R. Rogel, A. Soto, J.L. Ruiz-Cerdá, A. Budía, J.V. Salom, J.F. Jiménez-Cruz" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Morán" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "edumoran@comv.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "¿" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Rogel" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Soto" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Cerdá" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Budía" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.V." "apellidos" => "Salom" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.F." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Cruz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupación de los grados de Fuhrman en la práctica clínica para el tumor renal de células claras" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1097 "Ancho" => 3056 "Tamanyo" => 175818 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kaplan–Meier curves for cancer-specific survival according to the type of classification." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe renal tumor is the third urological cancer in frequency. The most common histological subtype is clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) or conventional (70–80%) carcinoma. At present, the conventional form as mass, flank pain, and hematuria has given way to the incidental diagnosis through the use of new imaging techniques. Thus, 70–80% of these tumors are detected in the study of another pathology, with which in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of the same, allowing for detection of these tumors with a reduced size and increased survival.The most outstanding prognostic factors are TNM stage, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, presence of necrosis, histologic subtype, and degree of nuclear differentiation.In 1982, Fuhrman presented a histological classification with prognostic value in CCRC which years later has become essential for the management and prognosis of the renal tumor, specifically for the CCRC, where it has been validated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> The problem that arises from the use of Fuhrman grades (GF) is their complexity, which leads to difficult reproducibility, as shown in some studies where intraobserver and interobserver concordance is low.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> Besides, the fixing equipment, the great heterogeneity of this type of tumors, and the lack of standardization influence the minimum percentage of high-grade tumor necessary to classify it as such. However, in recent years, there have been modifications to this classification to make it easier without losing its prognostic value. These new classifications are Ficarra's, who groups grades I and II into a single category, keeping III and IV independent, and Zisman's, who groups grades I and II in a category and III and IV in another one.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3–5</a>In this context, the objective of our work is to analyze whether the new FG categorization ratings in two and three groups, proposals for CCRC, are able to maintain the prognostic value against the traditional classification of 4 FG in a series of patients.Material and methodsPopulation under studyThe sample consisted of 383 patients with CRCC treated with radical or partial nephrectomy between 1990 and 2009. The following demographic data: age, sex, presence of a single kidney, form of presentation at diagnosis, type of surgery, and anatomopathological data: number, size, unilateral or not, location, histological type, tumor stage (according to the 2009 TNM classification), FG, necrosis, venous or lymphatic invasion, and tumor stage were collected and analyzed. The follow-up was performed by means of risk-based standardized scheme with computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis, chest X-ray/CT, abdominal ultrasound, and blood test. The evolution of these patients was analyzed according to the time of progression-free survival and the cancer-specific survival time. The presence of local, regional recurrence, or distant metastasis was considered progression during the follow-up. The cancer-specific survival time was estimated from the date of surgery until exitus for cancer-specific cause.Nuclear grade categorizationInitially, the patients were classified according to Fuhrman's classical scheme in 4° as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In grade I, the cells have small nuclei (10μm), rounded, even, without nucleolus. In grade II, the cores are larger (15μm), of irregular morphology with nucleoli visible to high power fields (×400). Grade III presents evident to medium magnifications (×100). Grade IV presents multilobed nuclei with condensed chromatin clumps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a>In order to carry out the study, a uropathologist revised the samples, and blindly, at the first report, reassigned the FG and the patients were reclassified into another two categories, grouping grades I and II and keeping III and IV independent, and another one grouping I and II in a grade and III and IV in another one.Statistical analysisA descriptive analysis of the sample was carried out. Subsequently, we conducted a univariate analysis of progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival, for which Kaplan–Meier survival curves were obtained both for the FG and for the different classifications proposed.Then, three multivariate analyses were conducted using Cox multiple regression, with the time free of progression as a response variable and the cancer-specific survival time. Age, sex, tumor size, presence of necrosis and lymphovascular invasion, pathologic stage, and nuclear grade were considered explanatory variables. In order to analyze the prognostic ability of the different ways of categorizing the FG, the three analyses were carried out according to the classifications in 4, 3, or 2 categories.ResultsThe mean age of the 383 patients was 65.5 years (SD: ±12.9), most of them being men (64%). The most common presentation was the incidental finding (58.2%), the average size of these tumors at diagnosis being 6.8cm (SD: ±4.2). Of these, 337 patients (88%) were treated with radical nephrectomy, and the rest (46 patients) with partial nephrectomy.The anatomopathological and histological results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. No statistical differences were found regarding the presence of sarcomatoid differentiation or microvascular involvement (p=0.08).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>During the follow-up, there was local recurrence in 11.7% of the patients, the median time to onset of these being 72 months (CI 95%: 5–106). The metastases appeared in 18.8%, with a median time to them of 60 months (CI 95%: 7–115). The most frequent location of them was in the lung in 55.8%, followed by the liver location (14%). The median survival was 125 months (CI 95%: 92–159) after surgery, the cancer-specific one being the most frequent cause of death in 66.7% of cases.Kaplan–Meier curves were obtained for progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs. 2 and 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>In our analysis, there were no differences between progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival between Fuhrman grades I and II (p=0.06 and p=0.09, respectively) although there were differences between grades III and IV (p=0.02). However, differences were found between groups I+II vs III and IV (p=0.03, and p=0.01), and between I+II and III+IV (p=0.01) in terms of progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival.In the multivariate analysis conducted, the FG and classification variants showed independent predictive value (p=0.0001 in all three cases) for both progression-free survival and for cancer-specific survival.In the first analysis, the variable degree was coded into four categories (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>), observing how the step from category I to II presents an increased relative risk (1.31), although it is not statistically significant, as they are the step from category II to III (RR: 2.5; p=0.001), and from III to IV (RR: 2.9; p=0.001). It was also classified into three categories (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>) finding that the step from category I+II to III involves an increased RR (RR: 2.31; p=0.0001), as well as the step from category III to IV (RR: 2.47; p=0.001). As for the division into two categories, the step from I+II to III+IV presented a RR: 2.8 (p=0.0001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Therefore, the predictive capacity was maintained and similar using the three types of nuclear categorization.DiscussionThe renal tumor is the third most frequent urological malignancy after prostate cancer and bladder cancer. The most common histological type, in about 90%, is the CCRC. From its study, several prognostic factors have been considered, among them the TNM stage, clinical presentation, lymphatic invasion, degree of tumor necrosis, size, histologic subtype, or nuclear grade.The forecast in terms of survival and recurrence after treatment of CCRC is a key factor in planning the management of our patients.In 1932, Hand and Broders described a correlation between the histological grade and the cancer-specific survival. Until 1982, multiple classifications were proposed, but it was this year when Fuhrman et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> described the FG, which to this day is the most frequently used nuclear grading and one of the most important prognostic factors.The FG has proven to be a prognostic factor independent of the tumor stage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6–8</a> In the study by Rey et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a> it was evaluated whether tumor necrosis, microvascular invasion, and invasion of the renal sinus could appear as independent prognostic factors. It was evident that these new variables were associated with cancer-specific survival, although they were not independent prognostic factors. We did find, however, that the grade variable categorized as low-grade (I+II) and high-grade (III+IV) presented with prognostic value independent of the tumor stage. Our results are consistent with those described by this group. In our analysis, we introduced age, sex, tumor size, presence of necrosis and lymphovascular invasion, pathologic stage and grade as explanatory variables. Of all, the software only selected as independent the tumor stage and the FG in any of its rankings.The widespread use of this classification is due to its proven relation with other pathological variables (such as tumor stage), so it is included in the main prognostic models like the UCLA Integrated Staging System or the Karakiewicz nomogram.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a>Nevertheless, this is a grading system that is not exempt from limitations. Thus, it is a subjective method, as it depends heavily on the knowledge and skill of the pathologist. An insufficient sample or a faulty preservation and fixing system may alter the result. The points on which this classification is based are mainly the nuclear characteristics, the presence or absence of nucleoli and their size. We have to point out that sometimes this type of tumors may be quite heterogeneous, with areas of necrosis, areas of oncocytic differentiation, or with sarcomatoid areas. In fact, up to 3% of renal carcinomas could be framed within the unclassifiable group. Thus, in the literature there are papers in which intra-and interobserver variability is not inconsiderable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> The paper by Ficarra et al. presents a sample size similar to ours (388) and an interesting design, where a pathologist, blindly to a first classification, recodes the 388 samples and evaluates the degree of concordance. As a main conclusion, a degree of consistency in the classification of κ=0.44 was evidenced, the differences being statistically significant.It is not the only paper in which the reproducibility of the Fuhrman classification has been criticized. In the paper by Bektas et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> the intra- and interobserver variability of the Fuhrman nuclear grade is compared with regard to the two and three-grade systems. This study included 110 patients with CCRC and analyzed the results of 5 anatomopathologists. We found the best results for the classification into two grades vs that of 4 (kappa index for the intra/interobserver assessment of the classification into four grades: 0.48/0.41 and for the two-grade classification of 0.67/0.62). Consistent with the results of this study, in a systematic review by Novara et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> it is concluded that the reproducibility of the classification of the FG in 4 grades must be improved.So, there seems to be a need for review of this classification to fit it better into clinical practice. The hypothesis of our paper was to demonstrate that the new classifications could keep the prognostic value. With a similar objective, there are two important papers, one American and one European.In 2007, Rioux-Leclercq et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> validated the classifications in two and three grades in a European multicenter study on 5453 patients. This study showed that, in a statistically significant way (p<0.001), the three classifications increased by 0.6% the ability to predict cancer-specific mortality, metastasis, or recurrence compared to models that did not include the Fuhrman classification or its variants. In addition, the new classifications increased prognostic accuracy in terms of survival, recurrence, and metastasis compared to the classical grades (0.5 vs 0.6), although not in a statistically significant way.An important point of this work is the selection of patients, as not only patients with clear cell renal carcinoma were included, but also those papillary and chromophobe. It has been shown that the histologic type can be a confounding variable given the prognostic difference between the different histological subtypes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> With this premise, our paper only included patients with CCRC, which is where it has been shown that the FG is really useful.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">12,13</a>This is an important difference from the American study by Sun et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> where only patients with CCRC were included. This study also concluded that the use of the classification into two or three groups maintains the prognostic value. However, the heterogeneity of the evolution of the patients with grade III and IV is clarified. In this regard, in our study, we did show a different risk in the chance of local, regional recurrence of metastasis and cancer-specific survival between these two groups. This difference in evolution may be because patients with Fuhrman grade IV often have other factors that cloud the outlook such as greater tumor size, higher degree of necrosis, or increased microvascular involvement and sarcomatoid differentiation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,11</a> Therefore, they would present a different evolution to grade 3 and they should be classified separately. However, in our series of patients we found no differences in these factors between grades III and IV.Our results confirm the hypothesis that the simplified classifications of the FG are equally valid and accurate to the classic one for CCRC prognosis. These classifications are intended to identify the patients with tumor progression and group them into risk groups.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> Thus, we believe that dividing the patients into low (I+II), intermediate (III), and high grade (IV) does not imply a loss of information with respect to the traditional classification. After 50 months of follow-up, grades III and IV have a different evolution in terms of progression-free survival, so in our health area we would recommend the use of the classification into three categories, which is closer to the reality of the patients. We will consider that in the current era of antiangiogenic targeted therapies, a correct forecast-based classification is essential to provide the best adjuvant treatment if necessary.However, at present, there is no consensus on which of the two ratings best represents the reality of the CCRC, so more studies are needed to establish the basis of these new classifications.Our study has the obvious limitations of a retrospective study and a small sample size compared with other series, although the findings acquired are similar to those of other groups.ConclusionsThe amendments to the classification of Fuhrman nuclear grade into three or two grades maintain the validity and accuracy as independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival, metastasis, and cancer-specific survival. The classification into three grades represents the outcome of the patients with CCRC better.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres101683" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Objective" 2 => "Material and methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88849" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres101682" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivo" 2 => "Material y métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88850" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Population under study" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Nuclear grade categorization" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-07-27" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-11-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88849" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Clear cell renal tumor" 1 => "Fuhrman" 2 => "Reclassification" 3 => "Prognosis" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88850" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Tumor renal de células claras" 1 => "Fuhrman" 2 => "Reclasificación" 3 => "Pronóstico" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo evaluate if re-grading renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) in two or three-tiered grading schemes vs the traditional Fuhrman classification maintains the same prognostic value. Material and methodsA study of a cohort of 383 treated CRCC with radical or partial nephrectomy between 1990 and 2009 was made. We analyzed the demographic data, evolution and survival of these patients. An uropathologist reassigned the Fuhrman grades blindly to the first classification. In order to study if the prognostic value was maintained with the different classification, three Cox multivariate regression analysis were performed, classifying the variable of grade into four categories: (I-II-III-IV), into three (I+II-III-IV) and into two (I+II-III+IV). The explanatory variables were: age, gender, tumor size, study stage and grade. The response variables were progression-free survival (local-regional recurrence/metastasis) and cancer specific survival time. ResultsThe median overall survival was 125 months (95% CI: 92–159). In the three multivariate analyses carried out, the Fuhrman classification showed independent predictive value (p=0.0001) compared to progression-free survival and cancer specific survival. The predictive power was maintained in the new classifications. In the three categories, the changing from grade I+II to III meant RR: 2.31 (p=0.0001) and from grade III to IV RR: 2.47 (p=0.0001) and in two-tiered classification an RR: 2.8 (p=0.001) was found when changing from I+II to III+IV. ConclusionsOur results show that categorizing the Fuhrman grade into three or two-tiered grading schemes provide the same predictive accuracy on progressive free survival and cancer specific survival. Grades III and IV have different outcomes so that the three-tiered classification seems to be more appropriate to described the course of these patients." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoEvaluar si la re-clasificación de los carcinomas renales de células claras (CRCC) en dos o tres grados de Fuhrman (GF) frente a la clasificación clásica mantiene su valor pronóstico. Material y métodosEstudio sobre una cohorte de 383 CRCC tratados con nefrectomía radical/parcial (1990-2009). Se analizaron datos demográficos, evolución y supervivencia de los pacientes. Un uropatólogo reasignó los grados de Fuhrman de forma ciega al informe original. Para estudiar si se mantenía el valor pronóstico con las distintas clasificaciones se realizaron tres análisis de regresión múltiple de Cox, categorizando la variable grado en 4 categorías(I-II-III-IV), en tres (I+II-III-IV) y en dos (I+II-III+IV). Las variables explicativas fueron: edad, sexo, tamaño tumoral, estadio y grado. Las variables respuesta fueron: tiempo de supervivencia libre de progresión (recidiva locorregional/metástasis) y de supervivencia cáncer-específica. ResultadosLa mediana de supervivencia global fue de 125 meses (IC 95%: 92-159). En los tres análisis multivariantes el grado de Fuhrman demostró valor predictivo independiente (p=0,0001) frente al estadio para la supervivencia libre de progresión y supervivencia cáncer-específica. El valor pronóstico se mantuvo en las nuevas clasificaciones. En la de tres categorías el paso del grado I+II al III presentó un RR: 2,31(p=0,0001) y del grado III al IV un RR: 2,47(p=0,0001) y en la de dos categorías se observó un RR: 2,8 (p=0,001) al pasar del grado I+II al III+IV. ConclusionesLa categorización en dos o tres grupos del grado de Fuhrman mantiene la capacidad predictiva sobre la supervivencia libre de progresión y cáncer-específica. Los grados III y IV presentan evoluciones distintas, por lo que la clasificación en tres categorías parece más adecuada para describir la evolución de estos pacientes." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Morán E, et al. Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupación de los grados de Fuhrman en la práctica clínica para el tumor renal de células claras. Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:352–8." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2148 "Ancho" => 2918 "Tamanyo" => 1159655 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "From left to right and from top to bottom Fuhrman grades I, II, III, and IV." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1062 "Ancho" => 2951 "Tamanyo" => 166398 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kaplan–Meier curves for progression-free survival according to the type of classification." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1097 "Ancho" => 3056 "Tamanyo" => 175818 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kaplan–Meier curves for cancer-specific survival according to the type of classification." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stage (according to 2009 TNM) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">203 (52.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 (19.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84 (21.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (5.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184238.png" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fuhrman grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ficarra grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Zisman grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72 (18.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">248 (64.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">248 (64.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">176 (46%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95 (24.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">135 (35.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95 (24.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (10.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (10.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184236.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distribution of patients according to stages and Fuhrman grades." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B coefficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard error \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald X \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TNM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.034 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Grade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.308 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184235.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Reference category grade 1." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Results of Cox regression with FG introduced in analysis with 4 categories." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B coefficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard error \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald X \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TNM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.507 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.222 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.022 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.661 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.515 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.210 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.674 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.272 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.719 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Grade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.748 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.206 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.310 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.895 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.262 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.466 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184239.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Reference category grade 1." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Results of Cox regression with FG introduced in analysis with three categories." ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B coefficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard error \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald X \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TNM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.498 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.221 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.024 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.645 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.513 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.246 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.030 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.671 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.132 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.266 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.806 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Grado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.058 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.167 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.652 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab184237.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Reference category grade 1." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Results of Cox regression with FG introduced in analysis with two categories." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.A. Fuhrman" 1 => "L.C. Lasky" 2 => "C. Limas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "655" "paginaFinal" => "663" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7180965" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intraobserver and interobserver variability of Fuhrman and modified Fuhrman Trading Systems for convencional renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Bektas" 1 => "B. Bahadir" 2 => "O. Kandemir" 3 => "F. Barut" 4 => "A. Gul" 5 => "S. Ozdamar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70562-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Kaohsiung J Med Sci" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "596" "paginaFinal" => "600" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858038" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original and reviewed nuclear grading according to the Fuhrman system. A multivariate analysis of 388 patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Ficarra" 1 => "G. Martignoni" 2 => "N. Maffei" 3 => "M. Brunelli" 4 => "G. Novara" 5 => "L. Zanolla" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/cncr.20749" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cancer" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "103" "paginaInicial" => "68" "paginaFinal" => "75" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573369" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Improved prognostication of renal cell carcinoma using an integrated staging system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Zisman" 1 => "A.J. Pantuck" 2 => "F. Dorey" 3 => "J.W. Said" 4 => "O. Shvarts" 5 => "D. Quintana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1200/jco.2001.19.6.1649" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "1649" "paginaFinal" => "1657" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11250993" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prognostic ability of simplified nuclear grading of renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Rioux-Leclercq" 1 => "P.I. Karakiewicz" 2 => "Q.D. Trinh" 3 => "V. Ficarra" 4 => "L. Cindolo" 5 => "A. De la Taille" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/cncr.22463" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cancer" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "109" "paginaInicial" => "868" "paginaFinal" => "874" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262800" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Indicadores pronósticos anatomopatológicos del cáncer de riñón" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Rey" 1 => "D. Ramírez" 2 => "S. López" 3 => "P. Fernández" 4 => "J. Benavente" 5 => "A. Ojea" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "71" "paginaFinal" => "77" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223135" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An outcome prediction model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy based on tumor stage, size, grade and necrosis: the SSIGN score" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I. Frank" 1 => "M.L. Blute" 2 => "J.C. Cheville" 3 => "C.M. Lohse" 4 => "A.L. Weaver" 5 => "H. Zincke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000035885.91935.d5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "168" "paginaInicial" => "2395" "paginaFinal" => "2400" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12441925" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Mejean" 1 => "S. Oudard" 2 => "N. Thiounn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000051378.14270.2a" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "169" "paginaInicial" => "821" "paginaFinal" => "827" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12576793" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Multi-institutional validation of a new renal cancer-specific survival nomogram" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.I. Karakiewicz" 1 => "A. Briganti" 2 => "F.K. Chun" 3 => "Q.D. Trinh" 4 => "P. Perrotte" 5 => "V. Ficarra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2006.06.1218" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "1316" "paginaFinal" => "1322" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17416852" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Grading systems in renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Novara" 1 => "G. Martignoni" 2 => "W. Artibani" 3 => "V. Ficarra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.034" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "177" "paginaInicial" => "430" "paginaFinal" => "436" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222604" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparisons of outcome and prognostic features among histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.C. Cheville" 1 => "C.M. Lohse" 2 => "H. Zincke" 3 => "A.L. Weaver" 4 => "M.L. Blute" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "612" "paginaFinal" => "624" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717246" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Grading of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 2" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.J. Medeiros" 1 => "E.C. Jones" 2 => "S.A. Aizawa" 3 => "H.C. Aldape" 4 => "J.C. Cheville" 5 => "N.S. Goldstein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cancer" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "80" "paginaInicial" => "990" "paginaFinal" => "991" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9307204" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nucleolar grade but not Fuhrman grade is applicable to papillary renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D. Sika-Paotonu" 1 => "P.B. Bethwaite" 2 => "M.R. McCredie" 3 => "T. William Jordan" 4 => "B. Delahunt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.pas.0000209833.69972.2b" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "1091" "paginaFinal" => "1096" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931953" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A proposal for reclassification of the Fuhrman grading system in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Sun" 1 => "G. Lughezzani" 2 => "C. Jeldres" 3 => "H. Isbarn" 4 => "S.F. Shariat" 5 => "P. Arjane" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "775" "paginaFinal" => "781" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19573980" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The current state of renal cell carcinoma grading" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "N.S. Goldstein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cancer" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "80" "paginaInicial" => "977" "paginaFinal" => "980" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9307201" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001369/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6274" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001369/v1_201304251924/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001369?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original article

Usefulness of new schemes to group Fuhrman grades in clinical practice for clear cell renal tumor

Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupación de los grados de Fuhrman en la práctica clínica para el tumor renal de células claras

E. Morána,

Corresponding author

edumoran@comv.es

Corresponding author.

, R. Rogela, A. Sotoa, J.L. Ruiz-Cerdáa, A. Budíaa, J.V. Salomb, J.F. Jiménez-Cruza

a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain

b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain

Read

1237

Times
was read the article

239

Total PDF

998

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173578612001369"
  "issn" => "21735786"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.002"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
  "aid" => "395"
  "copyright" => "AEU"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:352-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1239
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 9
      "HTML" => 995
      "PDF" => 235
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0210480611003998"
      "issn" => "02104806"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.006"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
      "aid" => "395"
      "copyright" => "AEU"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:352-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4096
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 10
          "HTML" => 3721
          "PDF" => 365
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo original</span>"
        "titulo" => "Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupaci&#243;n de los grados de Fuhrman en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica para el tumor renal de c&#233;lulas claras"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "352"
            "paginaFinal" => "358"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Usefulness of New Schemes to Group Fuhrman Grades in Clinical Practice for Clear Cell Renal Tumour"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0015"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1090
                "Ancho" => 3056
                "Tamanyo" => 188319
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Curvas de Kaplan-Meyer para la supervivencia c&#225;ncer-espec&#237;fica seg&#250;n el tipo de clasificaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Mor&#225;n, R&#46; Rogel, A&#46; Soto, J&#46;L&#46; Ruiz-Cerd&#225;, A&#46; Bud&#237;a, J&#46;V&#46; Salom, J&#46;F&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Cruz"
            "autores" => array:7 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "E&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Mor&#225;n"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rogel"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Soto"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Cerd&#225;"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Bud&#237;a"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;V&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Salom"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;F&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Jim&#233;nez-Cruz"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173578612001369"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.002"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001369?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003998?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02104806/0000003600000006/v2_201304261440/S0210480611003998/v2_201304261440/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173578612001370"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.003"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
    "aid" => "394"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:359-60"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1001
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 11
        "HTML" => 796
        "PDF" => 194
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Commentary</span>"
      "titulo" => "Comment to &#8220;Is a new classification of the Fuhrman grade in clear cell renal cell carcinomas feasible&#63;&#8221;"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "359"
          "paginaFinal" => "360"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Comentario a &#171;&#191;Es factible una nueva clasificaci&#243;n del grado de Fuhrman en el tumor renal de c&#233;lulas claras&#63;&#187;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;I&#46; L&#243;pez"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480611003986"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.005"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003986?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001370?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001370/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173578612001357"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.09.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-06-01"
    "aid" => "373"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2012;36:346-51"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 979
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 14
        "HTML" => 723
        "PDF" => 242
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Multivariate analysis of predictive factors in the evolution of renal lithiasis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "346"
          "paginaFinal" => "351"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis multivariante de factores predictivos de evoluci&#243;n en litiasis renal"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Pieras, J&#46; Ruiz, A&#46; Vicens, G&#46; Frontera, F&#46; Grases, P&#46; Piz&#225;"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pieras"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ruiz"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vicens"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Frontera"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Grases"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Piz&#225;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480611003779"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.09.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611003779?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001357?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001357/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Usefulness of new schemes to group Fuhrman grades in clinical practice for clear cell renal tumor"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "352"
        "paginaFinal" => "358"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Mor&#225;n, R&#46; Rogel, A&#46; Soto, J&#46;L&#46; Ruiz-Cerd&#225;, A&#46; Bud&#237;a, J&#46;V&#46; Salom, J&#46;F&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Cruz"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mor&#225;n"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "edumoran&#64;comv&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rogel"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Soto"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Cerd&#225;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Bud&#237;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;V&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Salom"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;F&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Jim&#233;nez-Cruz"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Urolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitario y Polit&#233;cnico La Fe&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Anatom&#237;a Patol&#243;gica&#44; Hospital Universitario y Polit&#233;cnico La Fe&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupaci&#243;n de los grados de Fuhrman en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica para el tumor renal de c&#233;lulas claras"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1097
            "Ancho" => 3056
            "Tamanyo" => 175818
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves for cancer-specific survival according to the type of classification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The renal tumor is the third urological cancer in frequency&#46; The most common histological subtype is clear cell renal carcinoma &#40;CCRC&#41; or conventional &#40;70&#8211;80&#37;&#41; carcinoma&#46; At present&#44; the conventional form as mass&#44; flank pain&#44; and hematuria has given way to the incidental diagnosis through the use of new imaging techniques&#46; Thus&#44; 70&#8211;80&#37; of these tumors are detected in the study of another pathology&#44; with which in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of the same&#44; allowing for detection of these tumors with a reduced size and increased survival&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most outstanding prognostic factors are TNM stage&#44; tumor size&#44; lymphovascular invasion&#44; presence of necrosis&#44; histologic subtype&#44; and degree of nuclear differentiation&#46;In 1982&#44; Fuhrman presented a histological classification with prognostic value in CCRC which years later has become essential for the management and prognosis of the renal tumor&#44; specifically for the CCRC&#44; where it has been validated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The problem that arises from the use of Fuhrman grades &#40;GF&#41; is their complexity&#44; which leads to difficult reproducibility&#44; as shown in some studies where intraobserver and interobserver concordance is low&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Besides&#44; the fixing equipment&#44; the great heterogeneity of this type of tumors&#44; and the lack of standardization influence the minimum percentage of high-grade tumor necessary to classify it as such&#46; However&#44; in recent years&#44; there have been modifications to this classification to make it easier without losing its prognostic value&#46; These new classifications are Ficarra&#39;s&#44; who groups grades I and II into a single category&#44; keeping III and IV independent&#44; and Zisman&#39;s&#44; who groups grades I and II in a category and III and IV in another one&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this context&#44; the objective of our work is to analyze whether the new FG categorization ratings in two and three groups&#44; proposals for CCRC&#44; are able to maintain the prognostic value against the traditional classification of 4 FG in a series of patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Population under study</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample consisted of 383 patients with CRCC treated with radical or partial nephrectomy between 1990 and 2009&#46; The following demographic data&#58; age&#44; sex&#44; presence of a single kidney&#44; form of presentation at diagnosis&#44; type of surgery&#44; and anatomopathological data&#58; number&#44; size&#44; unilateral or not&#44; location&#44; histological type&#44; tumor stage &#40;according to the 2009 TNM classification&#41;&#44; FG&#44; necrosis&#44; venous or lymphatic invasion&#44; and tumor stage were collected and analyzed&#46; The follow-up was performed by means of risk-based standardized scheme with computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; of the abdomen and pelvis&#44; chest X-ray&#47;CT&#44; abdominal ultrasound&#44; and blood test&#46; The evolution of these patients was analyzed according to the time of progression-free survival and the cancer-specific survival time&#46; The presence of local&#44; regional recurrence&#44; or distant metastasis was considered progression during the follow-up&#46; The cancer-specific survival time was estimated from the date of surgery until exitus for cancer-specific cause&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Nuclear grade categorization</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Initially&#44; the patients were classified according to Fuhrman&#39;s classical scheme in 4&#176; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In grade I&#44; the cells have small nuclei &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#41;&#44; rounded&#44; even&#44; without nucleolus&#46; In grade II&#44; the cores are larger &#40;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#41;&#44; of irregular morphology with nucleoli visible to high power fields &#40;&#215;400&#41;&#46; Grade III presents evident to medium magnifications &#40;&#215;100&#41;&#46; Grade IV presents multilobed nuclei with condensed chromatin clumps&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to carry out the study&#44; a uropathologist revised the samples&#44; and blindly&#44; at the first report&#44; reassigned the FG and the patients were reclassified into another two categories&#44; grouping grades I and II and keeping III and IV independent&#44; and another one grouping I and II in a grade and III and IV in another one&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive analysis of the sample was carried out&#46; Subsequently&#44; we conducted a univariate analysis of progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival&#44; for which Kaplan&#8211;Meier survival curves were obtained both for the FG and for the different classifications proposed&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Then&#44; three multivariate analyses were conducted using Cox multiple regression&#44; with the time free of progression as a response variable and the cancer-specific survival time&#46; Age&#44; sex&#44; tumor size&#44; presence of necrosis and lymphovascular invasion&#44; pathologic stage&#44; and nuclear grade were considered explanatory variables&#46; In order to analyze the prognostic ability of the different ways of categorizing the FG&#44; the three analyses were carried out according to the classifications in 4&#44; 3&#44; or 2 categories&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean age of the 383 patients was 65&#46;5 years &#40;SD&#58; &#177;12&#46;9&#41;&#44; most of them being men &#40;64&#37;&#41;&#46; The most common presentation was the incidental finding &#40;58&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; the average size of these tumors at diagnosis being 6&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm &#40;SD&#58; &#177;4&#46;2&#41;&#46; Of these&#44; 337 patients &#40;88&#37;&#41; were treated with radical nephrectomy&#44; and the rest &#40;46 patients&#41; with partial nephrectomy&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The anatomopathological and histological results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; No statistical differences were found regarding the presence of sarcomatoid differentiation or microvascular involvement &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the follow-up&#44; there was local recurrence in 11&#46;7&#37; of the patients&#44; the median time to onset of these being 72 months &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 5&#8211;106&#41;&#46; The metastases appeared in 18&#46;8&#37;&#44; with a median time to them of 60 months &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 7&#8211;115&#41;&#46; The most frequent location of them was in the lung in 55&#46;8&#37;&#44; followed by the liver location &#40;14&#37;&#41;&#46; The median survival was 125 months &#40;CI 95&#37;&#58; 92&#8211;159&#41; after surgery&#44; the cancer-specific one being the most frequent cause of death in 66&#46;7&#37; of cases&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves were obtained for progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2 and 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our analysis&#44; there were no differences between progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival between Fuhrman grades I and II &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;06 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&#44; respectively&#41; although there were differences between grades III and IV &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#41;&#46; However&#44; differences were found between groups I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II vs III and IV &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and between I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II and III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; in terms of progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the multivariate analysis conducted&#44; the FG and classification variants showed independent predictive value &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001 in all three cases&#41; for both progression-free survival and for cancer-specific survival&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first analysis&#44; the variable degree was coded into four categories &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; observing how the step from category I to II presents an increased relative risk &#40;1&#46;31&#41;&#44; although it is not statistically significant&#44; as they are the step from category II to III &#40;RR&#58; 2&#46;5&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and from III to IV &#40;RR&#58; 2&#46;9&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; It was also classified into three categories &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41; finding that the step from category I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II to III involves an increased RR &#40;RR&#58; 2&#46;31&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; as well as the step from category III to IV &#40;RR&#58; 2&#46;47&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; As for the division into two categories&#44; the step from I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II to III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV presented a RR&#58; 2&#46;8 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; the predictive capacity was maintained and similar using the three types of nuclear categorization&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The renal tumor is the third most frequent urological malignancy after prostate cancer and bladder cancer&#46; The most common histological type&#44; in about 90&#37;&#44; is the CCRC&#46; From its study&#44; several prognostic factors have been considered&#44; among them the TNM stage&#44; clinical presentation&#44; lymphatic invasion&#44; degree of tumor necrosis&#44; size&#44; histologic subtype&#44; or nuclear grade&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The forecast in terms of survival and recurrence after treatment of CCRC is a key factor in planning the management of our patients&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1932&#44; Hand and Broders described a correlation between the histological grade and the cancer-specific survival&#46; Until 1982&#44; multiple classifications were proposed&#44; but it was this year when Fuhrman et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> described the FG&#44; which to this day is the most frequently used nuclear grading and one of the most important prognostic factors&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The FG has proven to be a prognostic factor independent of the tumor stage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> In the study by Rey et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> it was evaluated whether tumor necrosis&#44; microvascular invasion&#44; and invasion of the renal sinus could appear as independent prognostic factors&#46; It was evident that these new variables were associated with cancer-specific survival&#44; although they were not independent prognostic factors&#46; We did find&#44; however&#44; that the grade variable categorized as low-grade &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&#41; and high-grade &#40;III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&#41; presented with prognostic value independent of the tumor stage&#46; Our results are consistent with those described by this group&#46; In our analysis&#44; we introduced age&#44; sex&#44; tumor size&#44; presence of necrosis and lymphovascular invasion&#44; pathologic stage and grade as explanatory variables&#46; Of all&#44; the software only selected as independent the tumor stage and the FG in any of its rankings&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The widespread use of this classification is due to its proven relation with other pathological variables &#40;such as tumor stage&#41;&#44; so it is included in the main prognostic models like the UCLA Integrated Staging System or the Karakiewicz nomogram&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; this is a grading system that is not exempt from limitations&#46; Thus&#44; it is a subjective method&#44; as it depends heavily on the knowledge and skill of the pathologist&#46; An insufficient sample or a faulty preservation and fixing system may alter the result&#46; The points on which this classification is based are mainly the nuclear characteristics&#44; the presence or absence of nucleoli and their size&#46; We have to point out that sometimes this type of tumors may be quite heterogeneous&#44; with areas of necrosis&#44; areas of oncocytic differentiation&#44; or with sarcomatoid areas&#46; In fact&#44; up to 3&#37; of renal carcinomas could be framed within the unclassifiable group&#46; Thus&#44; in the literature there are papers in which intra-and interobserver variability is not inconsiderable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The paper by Ficarra et al&#46; presents a sample size similar to ours &#40;388&#41; and an interesting design&#44; where a pathologist&#44; blindly to a first classification&#44; recodes the 388 samples and evaluates the degree of concordance&#46; As a main conclusion&#44; a degree of consistency in the classification of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;44 was evidenced&#44; the differences being statistically significant&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is not the only paper in which the reproducibility of the Fuhrman classification has been criticized&#46; In the paper by Bektas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> the intra- and interobserver variability of the Fuhrman nuclear grade is compared with regard to the two and three-grade systems&#46; This study included 110 patients with CCRC and analyzed the results of 5 anatomopathologists&#46; We found the best results for the classification into two grades vs that of 4 &#40;kappa index for the intra&#47;interobserver assessment of the classification into four grades&#58; 0&#46;48&#47;0&#46;41 and for the two-grade classification of 0&#46;67&#47;0&#46;62&#41;&#46; Consistent with the results of this study&#44; in a systematic review by Novara et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> it is concluded that the reproducibility of the classification of the FG in 4 grades must be improved&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">So&#44; there seems to be a need for review of this classification to fit it better into clinical practice&#46; The hypothesis of our paper was to demonstrate that the new classifications could keep the prognostic value&#46; With a similar objective&#44; there are two important papers&#44; one American and one European&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2007&#44; Rioux-Leclercq et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> validated the classifications in two and three grades in a European multicenter study on 5453 patients&#46; This study showed that&#44; in a statistically significant way &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; the three classifications increased by 0&#46;6&#37; the ability to predict cancer-specific mortality&#44; metastasis&#44; or recurrence compared to models that did not include the Fuhrman classification or its variants&#46; In addition&#44; the new classifications increased prognostic accuracy in terms of survival&#44; recurrence&#44; and metastasis compared to the classical grades &#40;0&#46;5 vs 0&#46;6&#41;&#44; although not in a statistically significant way&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An important point of this work is the selection of patients&#44; as not only patients with clear cell renal carcinoma were included&#44; but also those papillary and chromophobe&#46; It has been shown that the histologic type can be a confounding variable given the prognostic difference between the different histological subtypes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> With this premise&#44; our paper only included patients with CCRC&#44; which is where it has been shown that the FG is really useful&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is an important difference from the American study by Sun et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> where only patients with CCRC were included&#46; This study also concluded that the use of the classification into two or three groups maintains the prognostic value&#46; However&#44; the heterogeneity of the evolution of the patients with grade III and IV is clarified&#46; In this regard&#44; in our study&#44; we did show a different risk in the chance of local&#44; regional recurrence of metastasis and cancer-specific survival between these two groups&#46; This difference in evolution may be because patients with Fuhrman grade IV often have other factors that cloud the outlook such as greater tumor size&#44; higher degree of necrosis&#44; or increased microvascular involvement and sarcomatoid differentiation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11</span></a> Therefore&#44; they would present a different evolution to grade 3 and they should be classified separately&#46; However&#44; in our series of patients we found no differences in these factors between grades III and IV&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results confirm the hypothesis that the simplified classifications of the FG are equally valid and accurate to the classic one for CCRC prognosis&#46; These classifications are intended to identify the patients with tumor progression and group them into risk groups&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Thus&#44; we believe that dividing the patients into low &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&#41;&#44; intermediate &#40;III&#41;&#44; and high grade &#40;IV&#41; does not imply a loss of information with respect to the traditional classification&#46; After 50 months of follow-up&#44; grades III and IV have a different evolution in terms of progression-free survival&#44; so in our health area we would recommend the use of the classification into three categories&#44; which is closer to the reality of the patients&#46; We will consider that in the current era of antiangiogenic targeted therapies&#44; a correct forecast-based classification is essential to provide the best adjuvant treatment if necessary&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; at present&#44; there is no consensus on which of the two ratings best represents the reality of the CCRC&#44; so more studies are needed to establish the basis of these new classifications&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has the obvious limitations of a retrospective study and a small sample size compared with other series&#44; although the findings acquired are similar to those of other groups&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The amendments to the classification of Fuhrman nuclear grade into three or two grades maintain the validity and accuracy as independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival&#44; metastasis&#44; and cancer-specific survival&#46; The classification into three grades represents the outcome of the patients with CCRC better&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres101683"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Abstract"
            1 => "Objective"
            2 => "Material and methods"
            3 => "Results"
            4 => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88849"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres101682"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Objetivo"
            2 => "Material y m&#233;todos"
            3 => "Resultados"
            4 => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88850"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Material and methods"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Population under study"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Nuclear grade categorization"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-07-27"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-11-16"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88849"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Clear cell renal tumor"
            1 => "Fuhrman"
            2 => "Reclassification"
            3 => "Prognosis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec88850"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Tumor renal de c&#233;lulas claras"
            1 => "Fuhrman"
            2 => "Reclasificaci&#243;n"
            3 => "Pron&#243;stico"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate if re-grading renal cell carcinoma &#40;CRCC&#41; in two or three-tiered grading schemes vs the traditional Fuhrman classification maintains the same prognostic value&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A study of a cohort of 383 treated CRCC with radical or partial nephrectomy between 1990 and 2009 was made&#46; We analyzed the demographic data&#44; evolution and survival of these patients&#46; An uropathologist reassigned the Fuhrman grades blindly to the first classification&#46; In order to study if the prognostic value was maintained with the different classification&#44; three Cox multivariate regression analysis were performed&#44; classifying the variable of grade into four categories&#58; &#40;I-II-III-IV&#41;&#44; into three &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II-III-IV&#41; and into two &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II-III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&#41;&#46; The explanatory variables were&#58; age&#44; gender&#44; tumor size&#44; study stage and grade&#46; The response variables were progression-free survival &#40;local-regional recurrence&#47;metastasis&#41; and cancer specific survival time&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The median overall survival was 125 months &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 92&#8211;159&#41;&#46; In the three multivariate analyses carried out&#44; the Fuhrman classification showed independent predictive value &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; compared to progression-free survival and cancer specific survival&#46; The predictive power was maintained in the new classifications&#46; In the three categories&#44; the changing from grade I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II to III meant RR&#58; 2&#46;31 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; and from grade III to IV RR&#58; 2&#46;47 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; and in two-tiered classification an RR&#58; 2&#46;8 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; was found when changing from I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II to III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our results show that categorizing the Fuhrman grade into three or two-tiered grading schemes provide the same predictive accuracy on progressive free survival and cancer specific survival&#46; Grades III and IV have different outcomes so that the three-tiered classification seems to be more appropriate to described the course of these patients&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar si la re-clasificaci&#243;n de los carcinomas renales de c&#233;lulas claras &#40;CRCC&#41; en dos o tres grados de Fuhrman &#40;GF&#41; frente a la clasificaci&#243;n cl&#225;sica mantiene su valor pron&#243;stico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio sobre una cohorte de 383 CRCC tratados con nefrectom&#237;a radical&#47;parcial &#40;1990-2009&#41;&#46; Se analizaron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; evoluci&#243;n y supervivencia de los pacientes&#46; Un uropat&#243;logo reasign&#243; los grados de Fuhrman de forma ciega al informe original&#46; Para estudiar si se manten&#237;a el valor pron&#243;stico con las distintas clasificaciones se realizaron tres an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple de Cox&#44; categorizando la variable grado en 4 categor&#237;as&#40;I-II-III-IV&#41;&#44; en tres &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II-III-IV&#41; y en dos &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II-III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&#41;&#46; Las variables explicativas fueron&#58; edad&#44; sexo&#44; tama&#241;o tumoral&#44; estadio y grado&#46; Las variables respuesta fueron&#58; tiempo de supervivencia libre de progresi&#243;n &#40;recidiva locorregional&#47;met&#225;stasis&#41; y de supervivencia c&#225;ncer-espec&#237;fica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mediana de supervivencia global fue de 125 meses &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 92-159&#41;&#46; En los tres an&#225;lisis multivariantes el grado de Fuhrman demostr&#243; valor predictivo independiente &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; frente al estadio para la supervivencia libre de progresi&#243;n y supervivencia c&#225;ncer-espec&#237;fica&#46; El valor pron&#243;stico se mantuvo en las nuevas clasificaciones&#46; En la de tres categor&#237;as el paso del grado I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II al III present&#243; un RR&#58; 2&#44;31&#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; y del grado III al IV un RR&#58; 2&#44;47&#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; y en la de dos categor&#237;as se observ&#243; un RR&#58; 2&#44;8 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; al pasar del grado I<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II al III<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La categorizaci&#243;n en dos o tres grupos del grado de Fuhrman mantiene la capacidad predictiva sobre la supervivencia libre de progresi&#243;n y c&#225;ncer-espec&#237;fica&#46; Los grados III y IV presentan evoluciones distintas&#44; por lo que la clasificaci&#243;n en tres categor&#237;as parece m&#225;s adecuada para describir la evoluci&#243;n de estos pacientes&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Mor&#225;n E&#44; et al&#46; Utilidad de los nuevos esquemas de agrupaci&#243;n de los grados de Fuhrman en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica para el tumor renal de c&#233;lulas claras&#46; Actas Urol Esp&#46; 2012&#59;36&#58;352&#8211;8&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2148
            "Ancho" => 2918
            "Tamanyo" => 1159655
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From left to right and from top to bottom Fuhrman grades I&#44; II&#44; III&#44; and IV&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1062
            "Ancho" => 2951
            "Tamanyo" => 166398
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves for progression-free survival according to the type of classification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1097
            "Ancho" => 3056
            "Tamanyo" => 175818
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves for cancer-specific survival according to the type of classification&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stage &#40;according to 2009 TNM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">203 &#40;52&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;19&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;21&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;5&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184238.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fuhrman grade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ficarra grade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Zisman grade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">248 &#40;64&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">248 &#40;64&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">176 &#40;46&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;24&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">135 &#40;35&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95 &#40;24&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;10&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;10&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184236.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of patients according to stages and Fuhrman grades&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B coefficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard error&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TNM</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grade</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;308&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184235.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Reference category grade 1&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of Cox regression with FG introduced in analysis with 4 categories&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B coefficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard error&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TNM</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;507&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;222&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;661&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;515&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;210&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;029&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;674&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;272&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;719&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grade</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;748&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;310&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;895&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;262&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;466&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184239.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Reference category grade 1&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of Cox regression with FG introduced in analysis with three categories&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B coefficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard error&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wald X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relative risk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TNM</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;498&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;645&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;513&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;246&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;030&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;671&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;266&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;806&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grado</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;058&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;652&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab184237.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Reference category grade 1&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of Cox regression with FG introduced in analysis with two categories&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;A&#46; Fuhrman"
                            1 => "L&#46;C&#46; Lasky"
                            2 => "C&#46; Limas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "655"
                        "paginaFinal" => "663"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7180965"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intraobserver and interobserver variability of Fuhrman and modified Fuhrman Trading Systems for convencional renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Bektas"
                            1 => "B&#46; Bahadir"
                            2 => "O&#46; Kandemir"
                            3 => "F&#46; Barut"
                            4 => "A&#46; Gul"
                            5 => "S&#46; Ozdamar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70562-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Kaohsiung J Med Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "596"
                        "paginaFinal" => "600"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858038"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Original and reviewed nuclear grading according to the Fuhrman system&#46; A multivariate analysis of 388 patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Ficarra"
                            1 => "G&#46; Martignoni"
                            2 => "N&#46; Maffei"
                            3 => "M&#46; Brunelli"
                            4 => "G&#46; Novara"
                            5 => "L&#46; Zanolla"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/cncr.20749"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "68"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573369"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Improved prognostication of renal cell carcinoma using an integrated staging system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Zisman"
                            1 => "A&#46;J&#46; Pantuck"
                            2 => "F&#46; Dorey"
                            3 => "J&#46;W&#46; Said"
                            4 => "O&#46; Shvarts"
                            5 => "D&#46; Quintana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/jco.2001.19.6.1649"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1649"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1657"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11250993"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic ability of simplified nuclear grading of renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Rioux-Leclercq"
                            1 => "P&#46;I&#46; Karakiewicz"
                            2 => "Q&#46;D&#46; Trinh"
                            3 => "V&#46; Ficarra"
                            4 => "L&#46; Cindolo"
                            5 => "A&#46; De la Taille"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/cncr.22463"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "868"
                        "paginaFinal" => "874"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262800"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Indicadores pron&#243;sticos anatomopatol&#243;gicos del c&#225;ncer de ri&#241;&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Rey"
                            1 => "D&#46; Ram&#237;rez"
                            2 => "S&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            3 => "P&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                            4 => "J&#46; Benavente"
                            5 => "A&#46; Ojea"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "71"
                        "paginaFinal" => "77"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223135"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An outcome prediction model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy based on tumor stage&#44; size&#44; grade and necrosis&#58; the SSIGN score"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Frank"
                            1 => "M&#46;L&#46; Blute"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Cheville"
                            3 => "C&#46;M&#46; Lohse"
                            4 => "A&#46;L&#46; Weaver"
                            5 => "H&#46; Zincke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000035885.91935.d5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "168"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2395"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2400"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12441925"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Mejean"
                            1 => "S&#46; Oudard"
                            2 => "N&#46; Thiounn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000051378.14270.2a"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "169"
                        "paginaInicial" => "821"
                        "paginaFinal" => "827"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12576793"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Multi-institutional validation of a new renal cancer-specific survival nomogram"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;I&#46; Karakiewicz"
                            1 => "A&#46; Briganti"
                            2 => "F&#46;K&#46; Chun"
                            3 => "Q&#46;D&#46; Trinh"
                            4 => "P&#46; Perrotte"
                            5 => "V&#46; Ficarra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2006.06.1218"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1316"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1322"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17416852"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Grading systems in renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Novara"
                            1 => "G&#46; Martignoni"
                            2 => "W&#46; Artibani"
                            3 => "V&#46; Ficarra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.034"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "177"
                        "paginaInicial" => "430"
                        "paginaFinal" => "436"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222604"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparisons of outcome and prognostic features among histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Cheville"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Lohse"
                            2 => "H&#46; Zincke"
                            3 => "A&#46;L&#46; Weaver"
                            4 => "M&#46;L&#46; Blute"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "612"
                        "paginaFinal" => "624"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717246"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Grading of renal cell carcinoma&#58; Workgroup No&#46; 2"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;J&#46; Medeiros"
                            1 => "E&#46;C&#46; Jones"
                            2 => "S&#46;A&#46; Aizawa"
                            3 => "H&#46;C&#46; Aldape"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Cheville"
                            5 => "N&#46;S&#46; Goldstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "990"
                        "paginaFinal" => "991"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9307204"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nucleolar grade but not Fuhrman grade is applicable to papillary renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Sika-Paotonu"
                            1 => "P&#46;B&#46; Bethwaite"
                            2 => "M&#46;R&#46; McCredie"
                            3 => "T&#46; William Jordan"
                            4 => "B&#46; Delahunt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.pas.0000209833.69972.2b"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Surg Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1091"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1096"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931953"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A proposal for reclassification of the Fuhrman grading system in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Sun"
                            1 => "G&#46; Lughezzani"
                            2 => "C&#46; Jeldres"
                            3 => "H&#46; Isbarn"
                            4 => "S&#46;F&#46; Shariat"
                            5 => "P&#46; Arjane"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "775"
                        "paginaFinal" => "781"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19573980"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The current state of renal cell carcinoma grading"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "N&#46;S&#46; Goldstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "977"
                        "paginaFinal" => "980"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9307201"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001369/v1_201304251924/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6274"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003600000006/v1_201304251924/S2173578612001369/v1_201304251924/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578612001369?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 21735786
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.11.002

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2023 March	2	2	4
2020 August	1	2	3
2018 February	10	1	11
2018 January	11	1	12
2017 December	17	1	18
2017 November	13	0	13
2017 October	22	2	24
2017 September	22	4	26
2017 August	23	0	23
2017 July	25	3	28
2017 June	17	1	18
2017 May	21	0	21
2017 April	12	25	37
2017 March	24	53	77
2017 February	13	1	14
2017 January	7	0	7
2016 December	12	3	15
2016 November	14	5	19
2016 October	40	3	43
2016 September	33	2	35
2016 August	35	2	37
2016 July	12	1	13
2016 June	14	4	18
2016 May	28	7	35
2016 April	32	6	38
2016 March	28	11	39
2016 February	24	12	36
2016 January	27	9	36
2015 December	17	6	23
2015 November	11	3	14
2015 October	16	3	19
2015 September	17	3	20
2015 August	29	3	32
2015 July	22	2	24
2015 June	6	1	7
2015 May	12	2	14
2015 April	19	10	29
2015 March	26	4	30
2015 February	11	2	13
2015 January	23	1	24
2014 December	37	7	44
2014 November	19	3	22
2014 October	41	4	45
2014 September	35	9	44
2014 August	28	2	30
2014 July	20	2	22
2014 June	16	3	19
2014 May	8	1	9
2014 January	3	1	4
2013 December	8	1	9
2013 November	14	2	16
2013 October	15	3	18
2013 September	6	0	6

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter