American cranberry (proanthocyanidin 120mg): Its value for the prevention of urinary tract infections after ureteral catheter placement | Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)

array:23 ["pii" => "S2173578615000104" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01" "aid" => "690" "copyright" => "AEU" "copyrightAnyo" => "2014" "documento" => "article" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:112-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 383 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 7 "HTML" => 193 "PDF" => 183 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0210480614003106" "issn" => "02104806" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2014.07.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01" "aid" => "690" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:112-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 359 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 10 "HTML" => 241 "PDF" => 108 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Artículo original" "titulo" => "Valor preventivo adyuvante del arándano rojo americano (proantocianidinas 120mg) en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocación de catéter ureteral" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "112" "paginaFinal" => "117" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "American cranberry (proanthocyanidin 120mg): Its value for the prevention of urinary tracts infections after ureteral catheter placement" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1518 "Ancho" => 1644 "Tamanyo" => 69033 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Efecto del tratamiento sobre el total de la población, y para cada uno de los sexos." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "O.S. Barnoiu, J. Sequeira-García del Moral, N. Sanchez-Martínez, P. Díaz-Molina, L. Flores-Sirvent, V. Baena-González" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O.S." "apellidos" => "Barnoiu" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Sequeira-García del Moral" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Sanchez-Martínez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Díaz-Molina" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Flores-Sirvent" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Baena-González" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173578615000104" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000104?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480614003106?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02104806/0000003900000002/v2_201502240217/S0210480614003106/v2_201502240217/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173578615000050" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01" "aid" => "677" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:118-21" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 287 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 8 "HTML" => 143 "PDF" => 136 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Clinical study of the effectiveness of the “3-sulphates solution” on balanitis and balanoposthitis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "118" "paginaFinal" => "121" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Estudio clínico de la eficacia del «agua de 3 sulfatos» en la balanitis y la balanopostitis" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3149 "Ancho" => 3210 "Tamanyo" => 462083 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evolution of symptoms after treatment. (a) Erythema, (b) edema, (c) stinging, (d) itching, and (e) exudate." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "V. Gonzalvo, A. Polo, F. Serrallach, A. Gutiérrez, E. Peyri" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Gonzalvo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Polo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Serrallach" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Peyri" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480614001983" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2014.05.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480614001983?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000050?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000050/v2_201502240227/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173578615000116" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01" "aid" => "693" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:104-11" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 242 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 8 "HTML" => 112 "PDF" => 122 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Community-associated urinary infections requiring hospitalization: Risk factors, microbiological characteristics and patterns of antibiotic resistance" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "104" "paginaFinal" => "111" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad que requieren hospitalización: factores de riesgo, características microbiológicas y resistencia a antibióticos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1453 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 215069 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections acquired in the community who require hospitalization." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Medina-Polo, F. Guerrero-Ramos, S. Pérez-Cadavid, A. Arrébola-Pajares, R. Sopeña-Sutil, R. Benítez-Sala, E. Jiménez-Alcaide, L. García-González, M. Alonso-Isa, A. Lara-Isla, J.B. Passas-Martínez, Á. Tejido-Sánchez" "autores" => array:12 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Medina-Polo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Guerrero-Ramos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Cadavid" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Arrébola-Pajares" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Sopeña-Sutil" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Benítez-Sala" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Alcaide" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "García-González" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Isa" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Lara-Isla" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.B." "apellidos" => "Passas-Martínez" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Á." "apellidos" => "Tejido-Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480614003362" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2014.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480614003362?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000116?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000116/v2_201502240227/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "American cranberry (proanthocyanidin 120mg): Its value for the prevention of urinary tract infections after ureteral catheter placement" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "112" "paginaFinal" => "117" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "O.S. Barnoiu, J. Sequeira-García del Moral, N. Sanchez-Martínez, P. Díaz-Molina, L. Flores-Sirvent, V. Baena-González" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "O.S." "apellidos" => "Barnoiu" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "barnoiu@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Sequeira-García del Moral" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Sanchez-Martínez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Díaz-Molina" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Flores-Sirvent" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Baena-González" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Urología, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Valor preventivo adyuvante del arándano rojo americano (proantocianidinas 120mg) en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocación de catéter ureteral" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1518 "Ancho" => 1644 "Tamanyo" => 67586 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Effect of treatment on total population and for each of the sexes." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionUrinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common nosocomial infection, especially in catheterized patients (bladder catheter, nephrostomy or urethral stent).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> The risk of bacteriuria in patients carrying a catheter ranges from 3% to 10% per day,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">2</a> reaching up to 50% within 2 weeks, and in all patients after 30 days.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">3</a> Therefore, use of closed catheter systems and a minimum time of catheter retention in the urinary tract are recommended.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> The presence of a foreign body, such as a catheter, is a factor defining a UTI as complicated, provided that it is accompanied by a positive urine culture, and is the factor indicating antibiotic treatment, hence the importance of UTI prophylaxis in patients carrying catheters. Current prophylactic treatment is empirical, with broad-spectrum antibiotherapy, on the basis of local sensitivity patterns.The double-curved urethral stent, or double-J stent, is the urinary tract catheter system that has no outside contact. It is very commonly used, both therapeutically (obstructive uropathy) and prophylactically (extracorporeal lithotripsy or reconstructive surgery of the urinary tract). In general, it requires an extended period of stent placement in the urinary tract until removal, following resolution of the condition (desobstruction of the urinary tract, lithiasis removal or completion of the post-surgical wound healing process).Most UTIs derive from the patient's own colonic microbial flora, Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most commonly involved pathogen. It has the capacity of forming a biofilm at the stent level through fimbriae, types 1 and P being the most studied ones.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a>The benefits of American cranberry extract (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in the prevention of urinary infections through an inhibitory effect of type-A proanthocyanidins on the bacterial adhesion of E. coli, mainly on P-fimbriae, have been proven, in vitro, in cellular models<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> and in vivo.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a> It is a cost-effective treatment in young and pregnant women.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">6</a> It is also effective in decreasing bacteriuria and pyuria in elderly women, but its benefit in the prophylaxis of UTI in patients with favorable factors for microbial adhesion, as in the case of the catheter's presence in the urinary tract, has not been studied yet.The main aim was to compare the UTI rate of patients carrying a double-J stent and under prophylactic treatment with cranberry extract 120mg a day, orally, until catheter removal, as coadjuvant to the usual prophylactic treatment, with the UTI rate of patients carrying a double-J stent and under the usual prophylactic treatment only. The secondary aim was to compare these rates stratified by sex.Materials and methodsTo do this, we prospectively evaluated, in an open clinical trial and controlled with a randomized distribution, on 62 patients who required urethral catheter placement at our service from December 2012 to September 2013.We had 31 patients in the treatment group and other 31 patients in the control group. No patient showed positive nitrites in the urine dipstick before urethral catheter insertion. The usual prophylactic treatment in our work environment is conducted with sulfonamides for 5 days (pattern 1) and, in cases of allergy, with a beta-lactam (pattern 2) or quinolone (pattern 3), on the basis of the results of previous antibiograms. Prophylaxis starts at the time of hospital discharge, following the surgery which required admission, and a day before and up to 3 days after double-J stent placement for the extracorporeal lithotripsy. All patients had a negative urine culture prior to the extracorporeal lithotripsy.We used intraoperative prophylaxis in all cases with third-generation cephalosporins (pattern 1), plus an aminoglycoside (pattern 2) in the event of a previous presence of a urinary catheter.In all patients we used a double-curved polyurethane ureteral stent of a size adjusted to each patient, prior to the extracorporeal lithotripsy of large-size kidney stones, prior to ureteral endoscopic surgery and in reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract. Patients with a renal transplant, those who had undergone reconstructive surgery using bowel tissue, those who had a UTI prior to surgery and those carrying any other kind of catheter at discharge, such as a bladder catheter or nephrostomy, were all excluded.All patients underwent a urine culture prior to the removal of the urethral catheter and at any other time required by the clinical situation. Considering that all patients carried a urethral catheter, the criteria to define a complicated UTI included a positive culture, regardless of the irritative symptomatology that may occur in patients carrying a double-J stent.The variables analyzed included the patients’ demographic data, which enabled us to compare the homogeneity of the groups, the number of days of catheter placement in the urinary tract, the type of intraoperative prophylaxis and at home discharge, the diagnosis and the kind of surgery (clean or clean-contaminated). We also analyzed the presence of systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or kidney failure, which could influence the UTI rate.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at our center, and all patients signed their informed consent.Data analysis was conducted using as statistical tests the chi-square test and frequency distribution for qualitative variables, and the mean±standard deviation and regression analysis for quantitative variables, with a 95% confidence interval. We also compared the UTI rate by gender in order to assess the benefits of this treatment among men and women.ResultsWe found a 26% rate of UTI in the urine culture prior to catheter removal, including four symptomatic patients during follow-up and with a positive culture both concomitant to symptoms and before removal. The most commonly isolated germs were E. coli in 85% of cases and Enterococcus faecalis in 10%. In the description of the variables depending on the treatment group (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) one can observe that there are no differences between treatment groups with respect to demographic characteristics and the treatments received. In our general population there were 58% men, a percentage which was higher in the group without cranberry, although it was not statistically significant (p=0.797). The mean age was 50.8 years in the treated group versus 48.9 in the group without proanthocyanidins. Regarding the duration in days of catheter placement, we recorded a mean duration of 31.5 days in patients without cranberry, and of 29.4 in patients under treatment.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In the bivariate analysis between our response variable “urine culture removal” and the rest of factors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>) it is observed that only the variable treatment with cranberry and the number of days of catheter placement showed statistically significant differences. The duration of catheterization was higher in those patients with positive results, 35.9 versus 28.5 days (p=0.03), and the variable treatment with cranberry showed a lower percentage of positive results than that without cranberry, 12.9% and 38.7%, respectively (p=0.04).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Based on this data, we built a logistic model in order to see the effect of treatment with cranberry adjusted by those variables related to our response (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). We observed how the effect of treatment with cranberry reduced the risk of getting a positive result by five times when compared to those patients without this treatment. Likewise, we observed how men had a four times lesser risk of getting a positive result than women.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>In the model stratified by sex (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>), we observed how the effect of treatment on women reduced the risk by 12.5 times with respect to untreated patients, whereas in the men group the risk was half that of the untreated group. Due to the low number of cases, these latter results should be considered with caution.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Regarding the estimated effects of treatment with cranberry with respect to untreated patients (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) for the total population and for the two strata, we observed a reduction in the obtaining of a positive result in the “urine culture removal”, this not being significant for men.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionSeveral recent review studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">4,6,7</a> come to the same conclusion that American cranberry extract is effective in the prevention of UTI in young or middle-aged women, and that its use in other subpopulations is yet to be validated. However, a double-blind, randomized trial, controlled with placebo, could not demonstrate the effectiveness of cranberry to prevent UTI in young women,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">8</a> and a meta-analysis of 24 articles including 4473 patients did not show significant differences in children, elderly people, young women, oncology patients or those with a neurological bladder or spinal cord injury.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">9</a> Our population included more men than women, 58 versus 42% and was a young population with a mean age of 50 years. Besides, we observed that men had a four times lesser risk of experiencing UTI than women, although the effect of treatment in the latter ones reduced the risk by 12.5 times, whereas in the case of men the risk was only half that of an untreated patient. Nevertheless, the low number of patients included in the sample does not ensure a substratification with statistical power, but enough for the main goal of the study.The most commonly treated disease in our population was ureteral lithiasis, without having any influence on the result in urine culture of the adjuvant treatment applied. Although the effectiveness of cranberry in patients after a kidney transplant<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">10</a> and in those with enterocystoplasty<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">11</a> has been proven, we have not included this kind of patients in order to avoid potential biases, as well as those patients with a neurogenic bladder, on whom the preventive effect of cranberry is still controversial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">9,12,13</a> With this diagnosis, ureterorenoscopy, which is considered a clean surgery, has been the most common surgery in our population, without any case of contaminated or dirty surgery within our sample.Compared to antibiotic prophylaxis with sulfonamides such as trimethoprim, cranberry is less effective in premenopausal women,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">14</a> and shows few differences in elderly women.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">15</a> Our trial compared the adjuvant effect of cranberry in prophylaxis with sulfonamides versus prophylaxis alone at patient's discharge.With regard to UTI associated with urinary catheters, the factor catheter retention time in the urinary tract plays an important role which is proportional to the risk of experiencing UTI,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">16</a> a fact which has also been observed in our population with a mean time of 30 days, and which was statistically significant. The pathogenesis of UTI implies bacterial adhesion and the development of a biofilm caused by bacteria of the E. coli type and fungi such as Candida, respectively. UTI prevention in this kind of patients is directed toward these mechanisms, and cranberry shows an inhibitory effect both on E. coli adhesion<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">17</a> and on Candida albicans biofilm development.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">18</a>The preventive effect of UTI in catheter carriers at the urinary level has been proven both in animal models and in patients. Cai et al., in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial on 30 patients, assessed the reduction of symptomatic UTIs in patients carrying a bladder catheter,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">19</a> whereas Chen et al. observed a decrease in splenic interleukin-10 and 6 in rats catheterized at the bladder level, which characterizes a decreased inflammatory response in the bladder due to cranberry intervention.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">20</a>Limitations consisted of the fact that this was a controlled but open and single-center trial, without masking, which had less external validity when extrapolating data to a general population. Although the characterization of patients did not show significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to demographic characteristics, the general population is a young population on whom ureteral catheter placement was performed in clean surgery.As a conclusion of this study, we can state that American cranberry extract at a daily dosage of 120mg has an adjuvant effect on UTI prevention in patients carrying a double-J ureteral stent after surgery.FundingThe main author claims to have received the First Prize of the Scholarship Urosens 2012 for the project with the same name, by Laboratorios SALVAT.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres437247" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460429" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres437248" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460428" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-05-06" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-07-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460429" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "American cranberry" 1 => "Urinary tract infection" 2 => "Double J catheter" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460428" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Arándano rojo" 1 => "Infección de tracto urinario" 2 => "Catéter ureteral doble J" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionUrinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most frequent complications after urinary tract surgical procedures, mainly when catheter placement is necessary. Although the use of American cranberry has been related with a reduced risk of UTI, there is no study reporting the value of its prevention effect against catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Material and methodsA prospective trial comparing UTI rate (positive urine culture) among 31 patients with double J catheter (JJ) and adding American cranberry (120mg) in routine prophylactic therapy, and 31 patients with JJ catheter only receiving routine prophylactic therapy. ResultsRegarding general characteristics of the populations no significant difference among groups has been found. Only significant differences have been observed when the variables “cranberry treatment” and “dwell time of JJ catheter” were related. “Dwell time of JJ catheter” was higher in patients with UTI (35.9 compared 28.5 days [p=0.03]). UTI percentage was lower in cranberry supplemented patient group (12.9 compared to 38.7% [p=0.04]). ConclusionsWe can conclude that American cranberry (120mg) has an adjuvant effect in the prevention of UTI in patients with JJ catheter after surgery." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónLa infección del tracto urinario (ITU) representa una de las complicaciones más frecuentes tras los procedimientos sobre la vía urinaria, sobre todo si se requiere la colocación de un catéter. El tratamiento con arándano rojo se ha relacionado con una disminución del riesgo de ITU, pero hasta ahora no se ha realizado ningún estudio que valore si este efecto preventivo se produce en pacientes portadores de un catéter ureteral a nivel de la vía urinaria, que es el objetivo de este estudio. Material y métodosSe trata de un ensayo prospectivo en el que se se comparó la tasa de ITU (urocultivo positivo) en 31 pacientes portadores de catéter doble J (JJ) y profilaxis con arándano rojo (120mg) como adyuvante al tratamiento profiláctico habitual, con la tasa de ITU de 31 pacientes portadores de JJ que solo recibieron profilaxis habitual. ResultadosLa caracterización de los pacientes no encontró diferencias significativas entre los 2 grupos. En el análisis de los factores de riesgo y la aparición de ITU, únicamente las variables tratamiento con arándano y tiempo de permanencia del JJ mostraron diferencias significativas. El tiempo de permanencia del catéter fue mayor en aquellos pacientes con ITU, 35,9 respecto a 28,5 días (p=0,03), y el grupo tratado con arándano mostró un porcentaje de ITU menor que aquellos que no recibieron arándano, 12,9 y 38,7%, respectivamente (p=0,04). ConclusionesPodemos concluir que el arándano (120mg) tiene un efecto adyuvante en la prevención de la ITU en pacientes portadores de JJ tras la cirugía." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Barnoiu OS, Sequeira-García del Moral J, Sanchez-Martínez N, Díaz-Molina P, Flores-Sirvent L, Baena-González V. Valor preventivo adyuvante del arándano rojo americano (proantocianidinas 120mg) en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocación de catéter ureteral. Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:112–117." ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1518 "Ancho" => 1644 "Tamanyo" => 67586 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Effect of treatment on total population and for each of the sexes." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "SD: standard deviation; JJ: double J ureteral catheter; PPT: percutaneous nephrostomy; UPJ: ureteropelvic junction; URS: ureterorenoscopy.Data expressed as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. Bold: data with statistical significance." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Without cranberry (N=31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">With cranberry (N=31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Sex</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36 (58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (61.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 (54.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.797 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 (42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (38.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (45.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age, mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49.9 (13.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.9 (12.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.8 (14.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.576 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Diagnosis</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UPJ stenosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (6.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (12.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.354 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ureteral stenosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (16.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lithiasis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (77.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 (71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bladder tumor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (6.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Previous PPT/JJ</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 (69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (77.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (61.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (22.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (38.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Treatment</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Others \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (22.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.099 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bilateral URS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (9.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Unilateral URS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 (79) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (80.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (77.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Antibiotic surgery</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 (73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (77.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (67.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.569 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 (27) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (22.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (32.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Type of surgery</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Clean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 (68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (77.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (58.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.174 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Clean-polluted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (22.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (41.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Antibiotic at discharge</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57 (92) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 (93.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 (90.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.839 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (6.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Length of the JJ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.4 (11.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.5 (13.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.4 (10.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.476 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Urine culture at removal</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Negative \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (61.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 (87.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.042 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Positive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 (26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (38.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (12.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab682461.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characterization of individuals according to treatment." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "SD: standard deviation; JJ: double J ureteral catheter; PPT: percutaneous nephrostomy; UPJ: ureteropelvic junction; URS: ureterorenoscopy.Data expressed as n (%) unless otherwise indicated. Bold: data with statistical significance." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Negative (N=46) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive (N=16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Red cranberry</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (61.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (38.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 (87.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (12.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Sex</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 (42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 (61.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (38.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.101 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36 (58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 (83.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (16.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mean age (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49.9 (13.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.8 (12.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.9 (16.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Diagnosis</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lithiasis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (73.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (26.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.352 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UPJ stenosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ureteral stenosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (62.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (37.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bladder tumor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Previous PPT/JJ</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 (69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (79.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (20.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.315 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (63.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (36.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Treatment</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Unilateral URS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 (79) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37 (75.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (24.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.242 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bilateral URS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (33.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (66.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Others \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Antibiotic surgery</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 (73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36 (80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.169 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 (27) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (58.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (41.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Type of surgery</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Clean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 (68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (78.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (21.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.406 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Clean-polluted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Antibiotic at discharge</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57 (92) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 (75.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (24.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.187 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (33.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (66.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Standard 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Length of the JJ in days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.4 (11.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.5 (12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.9 (9.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab682460.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Bivariate relationship between risk factors and the type of urine culture." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">With cranberry \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.2 (0.04, 0.74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Days of catheter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.05 (1, 1.11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Men \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.25 (0.06, 0.92) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab682459.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Logistic regression model." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stratum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Men \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.5 (0.06, 2.97) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.461 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Women \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.08 (0.01, 0.49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab682458.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Model stratified by sex." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines on urological infections" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Grabe" 1 => "R. Bartoletti" 2 => "T.J. Bjerklund-Johansen" 3 => "H.M. Çek" 4 => "R.S. Pickard" 5 => "P. Tenke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2014" "editorial" => "European Association of Urology" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Catheter-associated urinary tract infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.W. Warren" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Dis Clin North Am" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "609" "paginaFinal" => "622" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9378926" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevention of catheter-induced urinary tract infection by sterile closed drainage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.M. Kunin" 1 => "R.C. McCormak" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM196605262742101" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "274" "paginaInicial" => "1155" "paginaFinal" => "1161" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5934951" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "La infección urinaria y su prevención" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F. González-Chamorro" 1 => "R. Palacios" 2 => "J. Alcover" 3 => "J. Campos" 4 => "F. Borrego" 5 => "D. Dámaso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.05.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "48" "paginaFinal" => "53" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757260" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberry products inhibit adherence of p-fimbriated Escherichia coli to primary cultured bladder and vaginal epithelial cells" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Gupta" 1 => "M.Y. Chou" 2 => "A. Howell" 3 => "C. Wobbe" 4 => "R. Grady" 5 => "A.E. Stapleton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.114" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "177" "paginaInicial" => "2357" "paginaFinal" => "2360" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17509358" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fitoterapia en Urología. Evidencia científica actual de su aplicación en urolitiasis, dolor pélvico crónico, disfunción eréctil e infecciones urinarias" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E. Morán" 1 => "A. Budía" 2 => "E. Broseta" 3 => "F. Boronat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2012.07.004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "174" "paginaFinal" => "180" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23058994" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberry and recurrent cystitis: more than marketing?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Micali" 1 => "G. Isgro" 2 => "G. Bianchi" 3 => "N. Miceli" 4 => "G. Calapai" 5 => "M. Navarra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/10408398.2011.625574" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "1063" "paginaFinal" => "1075" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24499122" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberry juice fails to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection: results from a randomised placebo-controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Barbosa-Cesnik" 1 => "M.B. Brown" 2 => "M. Buxton" 3 => "L. Zhang" 4 => "J. DeBusscher" 5 => "B. Foxman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/cid/ciq073" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "23" "paginaFinal" => "30" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148516" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.G. Jepson" 1 => "G. Williams" 2 => "J.C. Craig" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Syst Rev" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "CD001321" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076891" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection after renal transplantation by cranberry juice and l-methionine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Pagonas" 1 => "J. Hörstrup" 2 => "D. Schmidt" 3 => "P. Benz" 4 => "R. Schindler" 5 => "P. Reinke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.06.071" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Transplant Proc" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "3017" "paginaFinal" => "3021" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195017" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effectiveness of a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) preparation in reducing asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with an ileal enterocystoplasty" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Botto" 1 => "Y. Neuzillet" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3109/00365591003636596" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol Nephrol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "165" "paginaFinal" => "168" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20367451" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of cranberry tablets for the prevention of urinary tract infections in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic bladder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.J. Hess" 1 => "P.E. Hess" 2 => "M.R. Sullivan" 3 => "M. Nee" 4 => "S.V. Yalla" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/sc.2008.25" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Spinal Cord" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "622" "paginaFinal" => "626" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18392039" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of cranberry supplement for reduction of urinary tract infections in individuals with neurogenic bladders secondary to spinal cord injury. A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.A. Linsenmeyer" 1 => "B. Harrison" 2 => "A. Oakley" 3 => "S. Kirshblum" 4 => "J.A. Stock" 5 => "S.R. Millis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Spinal Cord Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "34" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15156934" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberries vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: a randomized double-blind noninferiority trial in premenopausal women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.A. Beerepoot" 1 => "G. ter Riet" 2 => "S. Nys" 3 => "W.M. van der Wal" 4 => "C.A. de Borgie" 5 => "T.M. de Reijke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.306" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "171" "paginaInicial" => "1270" "paginaFinal" => "1278" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21788542" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberry or trimethoprim for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections? A randomized controlled trial in older women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.E. McMurdo" 1 => "I. Argo" 2 => "G. Phillips" 3 => "F. Daly" 4 => "P. Davey" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkn489" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "389" "paginaFinal" => "395" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19042940" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Infección urinaria asociada a catéteres urinarios en la comunidad" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.A. Martínez" 1 => "J. Mensa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "57" "paginaFinal" => "66" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16854359" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of cranberry juice on molecular-scale surface characteristics and adhesion behavior of Escherichia coli" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y. Liu" 1 => "M.A. Black" 2 => "L. Caron" 3 => "T.A. Camesano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/bit.20675" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biotechnol Bioeng" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "297" "paginaFinal" => "305" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16142789" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins prevent formation of Candida albicans biofilms in artificial urine through biofilm- and adherence-specific mechanisms" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H.S. Rane" 1 => "S.M. Bernardo" 2 => "A.B. Howell" 3 => "S.A. Lee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkt398" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "428" "paginaFinal" => "436" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114570" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Solidago, orthosiphon, birch and cranberry extracts can decrease microbial colonization and biofilm development in indwelling urinary catheter: a microbiologic and ultrastructural pilot study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Cai" 1 => "I. Caola" 2 => "F. Tessarolo" 3 => "F. Piccoli" 4 => "C. D’Elia" 5 => "P. Caciagli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00345-013-1173-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Urol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "1007" "paginaFinal" => "1014" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092275" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pilot study on the effect of composite UmayC in catheter-associated lower urinary tract infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.S. Chen" 1 => "P.J. Chang" 2 => "D.R. Ho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000312408" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Int" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "85" "paginaInicial" => "60" "paginaFinal" => "65" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20389054" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000104/v2_201502240227/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6274" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000104/v2_201502240227/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000104?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original article

American cranberry (proanthocyanidin 120mg): Its value for the prevention of urinary tract infections after ureteral catheter placement

Valor preventivo adyuvante del arándano rojo americano (proantocianidinas 120mg) en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocación de catéter ureteral

O.S. Barnoiu

Corresponding author

barnoiu@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.

, J. Sequeira-García del Moral, N. Sanchez-Martínez, P. Díaz-Molina, L. Flores-Sirvent, V. Baena-González

Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Urología, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain

Read

381

Times
was read the article

185

Total PDF

196

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S2173578615000104"
  "issn" => "21735786"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.008"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01"
  "aid" => "690"
  "copyright" => "AEU"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2014"
  "documento" => "article"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:112-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 383
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 7
      "HTML" => 193
      "PDF" => 183
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:18 [
      "pii" => "S0210480614003106"
      "issn" => "02104806"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2014.07.003"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01"
      "aid" => "690"
      "copyright" => "AEU"
      "documento" => "article"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:112-7"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 359
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 10
          "HTML" => 241
          "PDF" => 108
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo original</span>"
        "titulo" => "Valor preventivo adyuvante del ar&#225;ndano rojo americano &#40;proantocianidinas 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocaci&#243;n de cat&#233;ter ureteral"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "112"
            "paginaFinal" => "117"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "American cranberry &#40;proanthocyanidin 120mg&#41;&#58; Its value for the prevention of urinary tracts infections after ureteral catheter placement"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1518
                "Ancho" => 1644
                "Tamanyo" => 69033
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Efecto del tratamiento sobre el total de la poblaci&#243;n&#44; y para cada uno de los sexos&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "O&#46;S&#46; Barnoiu, J&#46; Sequeira-Garc&#237;a del Moral, N&#46; Sanchez-Mart&#237;nez, P&#46; D&#237;az-Molina, L&#46; Flores-Sirvent, V&#46; Baena-Gonz&#225;lez"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "O&#46;S&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Barnoiu"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Sequeira-Garc&#237;a del Moral"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "N&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Sanchez-Mart&#237;nez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "P&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Molina"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Flores-Sirvent"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "V&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Baena-Gonz&#225;lez"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173578615000104"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.008"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000104?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480614003106?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02104806/0000003900000002/v2_201502240217/S0210480614003106/v2_201502240217/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2173578615000050"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.003"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01"
    "aid" => "677"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:118-21"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 287
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 8
        "HTML" => 143
        "PDF" => 136
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Clinical study of the effectiveness of the &#8220;3-sulphates solution&#8221; on balanitis and balanoposthitis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "118"
          "paginaFinal" => "121"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Estudio cl&#237;nico de la eficacia del &#171;agua de 3 sulfatos&#187; en la balanitis y la balanopostitis"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 3149
              "Ancho" => 3210
              "Tamanyo" => 462083
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evolution of symptoms after treatment&#46; &#40;a&#41; Erythema&#44; &#40;b&#41; edema&#44; &#40;c&#41; stinging&#44; &#40;d&#41; itching&#44; and &#40;e&#41; exudate&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "V&#46; Gonzalvo, A&#46; Polo, F&#46; Serrallach, A&#46; Guti&#233;rrez, E&#46; Peyri"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gonzalvo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Polo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Serrallach"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Guti&#233;rrez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Peyri"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480614001983"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2014.05.005"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480614001983?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000050?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000050/v2_201502240227/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2173578615000116"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.009"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-03-01"
    "aid" => "693"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2015;39:104-11"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 242
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 8
        "HTML" => 112
        "PDF" => 122
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Community-associated urinary infections requiring hospitalization&#58; Risk factors&#44; microbiological characteristics and patterns of antibiotic resistance"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "104"
          "paginaFinal" => "111"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad que requieren hospitalizaci&#243;n&#58; factores de riesgo&#44; caracter&#237;sticas microbiol&#243;gicas y resistencia a antibi&#243;ticos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1453
              "Ancho" => 2167
              "Tamanyo" => 215069
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections acquired in the community who require hospitalization&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Medina-Polo, F&#46; Guerrero-Ramos, S&#46; P&#233;rez-Cadavid, A&#46; Arr&#233;bola-Pajares, R&#46; Sope&#241;a-Sutil, R&#46; Ben&#237;tez-Sala, E&#46; Jim&#233;nez-Alcaide, L&#46; Garc&#237;a-Gonz&#225;lez, M&#46; Alonso-Isa, A&#46; Lara-Isla, J&#46;B&#46; Passas-Mart&#237;nez, &#193;&#46; Tejido-S&#225;nchez"
          "autores" => array:12 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Medina-Polo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Guerrero-Ramos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez-Cadavid"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Arr&#233;bola-Pajares"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Sope&#241;a-Sutil"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ben&#237;tez-Sala"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Jim&#233;nez-Alcaide"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Alonso-Isa"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Lara-Isla"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Passas-Mart&#237;nez"
            ]
            11 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "&#193;&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Tejido-S&#225;nchez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480614003362"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2014.08.001"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480614003362?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000116?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000116/v2_201502240227/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "American cranberry &#40;proanthocyanidin 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#58; Its value for the prevention of urinary tract infections after ureteral catheter placement"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "112"
        "paginaFinal" => "117"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "O&#46;S&#46; Barnoiu, J&#46; Sequeira-Garc&#237;a del Moral, N&#46; Sanchez-Mart&#237;nez, P&#46; D&#237;az-Molina, L&#46; Flores-Sirvent, V&#46; Baena-Gonz&#225;lez"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "O&#46;S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Barnoiu"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "barnoiu&#64;yahoo&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Sequeira-Garc&#237;a del Moral"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "N&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Sanchez-Mart&#237;nez"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Molina"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Flores-Sirvent"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "V&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Baena-Gonz&#225;lez"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Urolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya&#44; M&#225;laga&#44; Spain"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Valor preventivo adyuvante del ar&#225;ndano rojo americano &#40;proantocianidinas 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocaci&#243;n de cat&#233;ter ureteral"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1518
            "Ancho" => 1644
            "Tamanyo" => 67586
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Effect of treatment on total population and for each of the sexes&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Urinary tract infection &#40;UTI&#41; is the most common nosocomial infection&#44; especially in catheterized patients &#40;bladder catheter&#44; nephrostomy or urethral stent&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The risk of bacteriuria in patients carrying a catheter ranges from 3&#37; to 10&#37; per day&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> reaching up to 50&#37; within 2 weeks&#44; and in all patients after 30 days&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Therefore&#44; use of closed catheter systems and a minimum time of catheter retention in the urinary tract are recommended&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The presence of a foreign body&#44; such as a catheter&#44; is a factor defining a UTI as complicated&#44; provided that it is accompanied by a positive urine culture&#44; and is the factor indicating antibiotic treatment&#44; hence the importance of UTI prophylaxis in patients carrying catheters&#46; Current prophylactic treatment is empirical&#44; with broad-spectrum antibiotherapy&#44; on the basis of local sensitivity patterns&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The double-curved urethral stent&#44; or double-J stent&#44; is the urinary tract catheter system that has no outside contact&#46; It is very commonly used&#44; both therapeutically &#40;obstructive uropathy&#41; and prophylactically &#40;extracorporeal lithotripsy or reconstructive surgery of the urinary tract&#41;&#46; In general&#44; it requires an extended period of stent placement in the urinary tract until removal&#44; following resolution of the condition &#40;desobstruction of the urinary tract&#44; lithiasis removal or completion of the post-surgical wound healing process&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most UTIs derive from the patient&#39;s own colonic microbial flora&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escherichia coli</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; coli</span>&#41; being the most commonly involved pathogen&#46; It has the capacity of forming a biofilm at the stent level through fimbriae&#44; types 1 and P being the most studied ones&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The benefits of American cranberry extract &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinium macrocarpon</span>&#41; in the prevention of urinary infections through an inhibitory effect of type-A proanthocyanidins on the bacterial adhesion of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; coli</span>&#44; mainly on P-fimbriae&#44; have been proven&#44; in vitro&#44; in cellular models<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and in vivo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It is a cost-effective treatment in young and pregnant women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It is also effective in decreasing bacteriuria and pyuria in elderly women&#44; but its benefit in the prophylaxis of UTI in patients with favorable factors for microbial adhesion&#44; as in the case of the catheter&#39;s presence in the urinary tract&#44; has not been studied yet&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main aim was to compare the UTI rate of patients carrying a double-J stent and under prophylactic treatment with cranberry extract 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg a day&#44; orally&#44; until catheter removal&#44; as coadjuvant to the usual prophylactic treatment&#44; with the UTI rate of patients carrying a double-J stent and under the usual prophylactic treatment only&#46; The secondary aim was to compare these rates stratified by sex&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To do this&#44; we prospectively evaluated&#44; in an open clinical trial and controlled with a randomized distribution&#44; on 62 patients who required urethral catheter placement at our service from December 2012 to September 2013&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We had 31 patients in the treatment group and other 31 patients in the control group&#46; No patient showed positive nitrites in the urine dipstick before urethral catheter insertion&#46; The usual prophylactic treatment in our work environment is conducted with sulfonamides for 5 days &#40;pattern 1&#41; and&#44; in cases of allergy&#44; with a beta-lactam &#40;pattern 2&#41; or quinolone &#40;pattern 3&#41;&#44; on the basis of the results of previous antibiograms&#46; Prophylaxis starts at the time of hospital discharge&#44; following the surgery which required admission&#44; and a day before and up to 3 days after double-J stent placement for the extracorporeal lithotripsy&#46; All patients had a negative urine culture prior to the extracorporeal lithotripsy&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We used intraoperative prophylaxis in all cases with third-generation cephalosporins &#40;pattern 1&#41;&#44; plus an aminoglycoside &#40;pattern 2&#41; in the event of a previous presence of a urinary catheter&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In all patients we used a double-curved polyurethane ureteral stent of a size adjusted to each patient&#44; prior to the extracorporeal lithotripsy of large-size kidney stones&#44; prior to ureteral endoscopic surgery and in reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract&#46; Patients with a renal transplant&#44; those who had undergone reconstructive surgery using bowel tissue&#44; those who had a UTI prior to surgery and those carrying any other kind of catheter at discharge&#44; such as a bladder catheter or nephrostomy&#44; were all excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent a urine culture prior to the removal of the urethral catheter and at any other time required by the clinical situation&#46; Considering that all patients carried a urethral catheter&#44; the criteria to define a complicated UTI included a positive culture&#44; regardless of the irritative symptomatology that may occur in patients carrying a double-J stent&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables analyzed included the patients&#8217; demographic data&#44; which enabled us to compare the homogeneity of the groups&#44; the number of days of catheter placement in the urinary tract&#44; the type of intraoperative prophylaxis and at home discharge&#44; the diagnosis and the kind of surgery &#40;clean or clean-contaminated&#41;&#46; We also analyzed the presence of systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or kidney failure&#44; which could influence the UTI rate&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at our center&#44; and all patients signed their informed consent&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis was conducted using as statistical tests the chi-square test and frequency distribution for qualitative variables&#44; and the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation and regression analysis for quantitative variables&#44; with a 95&#37; confidence interval&#46; We also compared the UTI rate by gender in order to assess the benefits of this treatment among men and women&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found a 26&#37; rate of UTI in the urine culture prior to catheter removal&#44; including four symptomatic patients during follow-up and with a positive culture both concomitant to symptoms and before removal&#46; The most commonly isolated germs were <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; coli</span> in 85&#37; of cases and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterococcus faecalis</span> in 10&#37;&#46; In the description of the variables depending on the treatment group &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41; one can observe that there are no differences between treatment groups with respect to demographic characteristics and the treatments received&#46; In our general population there were 58&#37; men&#44; a percentage which was higher in the group without cranberry&#44; although it was not statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;797&#41;&#46; The mean age was 50&#46;8 years in the treated group versus 48&#46;9 in the group without proanthocyanidins&#46; Regarding the duration in days of catheter placement&#44; we recorded a mean duration of 31&#46;5 days in patients without cranberry&#44; and of 29&#46;4 in patients under treatment&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the bivariate analysis between our response variable &#8220;urine culture removal&#8221; and the rest of factors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41; it is observed that only the variable treatment with cranberry and the number of days of catheter placement showed statistically significant differences&#46; The duration of catheterization was higher in those patients with positive results&#44; 35&#46;9 versus 28&#46;5 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#44; and the variable treatment with cranberry showed a lower percentage of positive results than that without cranberry&#44; 12&#46;9&#37; and 38&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on this data&#44; we built a logistic model in order to see the effect of treatment with cranberry adjusted by those variables related to our response &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; We observed how the effect of treatment with cranberry reduced the risk of getting a positive result by five times when compared to those patients without this treatment&#46; Likewise&#44; we observed how men had a four times lesser risk of getting a positive result than women&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the model stratified by sex &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#44; we observed how the effect of treatment on women reduced the risk by 12&#46;5 times with respect to untreated patients&#44; whereas in the men group the risk was half that of the untreated group&#46; Due to the low number of cases&#44; these latter results should be considered with caution&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the estimated effects of treatment with cranberry with respect to untreated patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; for the total population and for the two strata&#44; we observed a reduction in the obtaining of a positive result in the &#8220;urine culture removal&#8221;&#44; this not being significant for men&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several recent review studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;6&#44;7</span></a> come to the same conclusion that American cranberry extract is effective in the prevention of UTI in young or middle-aged women&#44; and that its use in other subpopulations is yet to be validated&#46; However&#44; a double-blind&#44; randomized trial&#44; controlled with placebo&#44; could not demonstrate the effectiveness of cranberry to prevent UTI in young women&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and a meta-analysis of 24 articles including 4473 patients did not show significant differences in children&#44; elderly people&#44; young women&#44; oncology patients or those with a neurological bladder or spinal cord injury&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Our population included more men than women&#44; 58 versus 42&#37; and was a young population with a mean age of 50 years&#46; Besides&#44; we observed that men had a four times lesser risk of experiencing UTI than women&#44; although the effect of treatment in the latter ones reduced the risk by 12&#46;5 times&#44; whereas in the case of men the risk was only half that of an untreated patient&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the low number of patients included in the sample does not ensure a substratification with statistical power&#44; but enough for the main goal of the study&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most commonly treated disease in our population was ureteral lithiasis&#44; without having any influence on the result in urine culture of the adjuvant treatment applied&#46; Although the effectiveness of cranberry in patients after a kidney transplant<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and in those with enterocystoplasty<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> has been proven&#44; we have not included this kind of patients in order to avoid potential biases&#44; as well as those patients with a neurogenic bladder&#44; on whom the preventive effect of cranberry is still controversial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;12&#44;13</span></a> With this diagnosis&#44; ureterorenoscopy&#44; which is considered a clean surgery&#44; has been the most common surgery in our population&#44; without any case of contaminated or dirty surgery within our sample&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Compared to antibiotic prophylaxis with sulfonamides such as trimethoprim&#44; cranberry is less effective in premenopausal women&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and shows few differences in elderly women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Our trial compared the adjuvant effect of cranberry in prophylaxis with sulfonamides versus prophylaxis alone at patient&#39;s discharge&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to UTI associated with urinary catheters&#44; the factor catheter retention time in the urinary tract plays an important role which is proportional to the risk of experiencing UTI&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> a fact which has also been observed in our population with a mean time of 30 days&#44; and which was statistically significant&#46; The pathogenesis of UTI implies bacterial adhesion and the development of a biofilm caused by bacteria of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; coli</span> type and fungi such as Candida&#44; respectively&#46; UTI prevention in this kind of patients is directed toward these mechanisms&#44; and cranberry shows an inhibitory effect both on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; coli</span> adhesion<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Candida albicans</span> biofilm development&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The preventive effect of UTI in catheter carriers at the urinary level has been proven both in animal models and in patients&#46; Cai et al&#46;&#44; in a prospective&#44; randomized&#44; controlled trial on 30 patients&#44; assessed the reduction of symptomatic UTIs in patients carrying a bladder catheter&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> whereas Chen et al&#46; observed a decrease in splenic interleukin-10 and 6 in rats catheterized at the bladder level&#44; which characterizes a decreased inflammatory response in the bladder due to cranberry intervention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Limitations consisted of the fact that this was a controlled but open and single-center trial&#44; without masking&#44; which had less external validity when extrapolating data to a general population&#46; Although the characterization of patients did not show significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to demographic characteristics&#44; the general population is a young population on whom ureteral catheter placement was performed in clean surgery&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a conclusion of this study&#44; we can state that American cranberry extract at a daily dosage of 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg has an adjuvant effect on UTI prevention in patients carrying a double-J ureteral stent after surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Funding</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main author claims to have received the First Prize of the Scholarship Urosens 2012 for the project with the same name&#44; by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Laboratorios SALVAT</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres437247"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introduction"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Material and methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460429"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres437248"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460428"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-05-06"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-07-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460429"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "American cranberry"
            1 => "Urinary tract infection"
            2 => "Double J catheter"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec460428"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Ar&#225;ndano rojo"
            1 => "Infecci&#243;n de tracto urinario"
            2 => "Cat&#233;ter ureteral doble J"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Urinary tract infection &#40;UTI&#41; is among the most frequent complications after urinary tract surgical procedures&#44; mainly when catheter placement is necessary&#46; Although the use of American cranberry has been related with a reduced risk of UTI&#44; there is no study reporting the value of its prevention effect against catheter-associated urinary tract infections&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective trial comparing UTI rate &#40;positive urine culture&#41; among 31 patients with double J catheter &#40;JJ&#41; and adding American cranberry &#40;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; in routine prophylactic therapy&#44; and 31 patients with JJ catheter only receiving routine prophylactic therapy&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Regarding general characteristics of the populations no significant difference among groups has been found&#46; Only significant differences have been observed when the variables &#8220;cranberry treatment&#8221; and &#8220;dwell time of JJ catheter&#8221; were related&#46; &#8220;Dwell time of JJ catheter&#8221; was higher in patients with UTI &#40;35&#46;9 compared 28&#46;5 days &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#93;&#41;&#46; UTI percentage was lower in cranberry supplemented patient group &#40;12&#46;9 compared to 38&#46;7&#37; &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#93;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We can conclude that American cranberry &#40;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; has an adjuvant effect in the prevention of UTI in patients with JJ catheter after surgery&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La infecci&#243;n del tracto urinario &#40;ITU&#41; representa una de las complicaciones m&#225;s frecuentes tras los procedimientos sobre la v&#237;a urinaria&#44; sobre todo si se requiere la colocaci&#243;n de un cat&#233;ter&#46; El tratamiento con ar&#225;ndano rojo se ha relacionado con una disminuci&#243;n del riesgo de ITU&#44; pero hasta ahora no se ha realizado ning&#250;n estudio que valore si este efecto preventivo se produce en pacientes portadores de un cat&#233;ter ureteral a nivel de la v&#237;a urinaria&#44; que es el objetivo de este estudio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un ensayo prospectivo en el que se se compar&#243; la tasa de ITU &#40;urocultivo positivo&#41; en 31 pacientes portadores de cat&#233;ter doble J &#40;JJ&#41; y profilaxis con ar&#225;ndano rojo &#40;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; como adyuvante al tratamiento profil&#225;ctico habitual&#44; con la tasa de ITU de 31 pacientes portadores de JJ que solo recibieron profilaxis habitual&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La caracterizaci&#243;n de los pacientes no encontr&#243; diferencias significativas entre los 2 grupos&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de los factores de riesgo y la aparici&#243;n de ITU&#44; &#250;nicamente las variables tratamiento con ar&#225;ndano y tiempo de permanencia del JJ mostraron diferencias significativas&#46; El tiempo de permanencia del cat&#233;ter fue mayor en aquellos pacientes con ITU&#44; 35&#44;9 respecto a 28&#44;5 d&#237;as &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41;&#44; y el grupo tratado con ar&#225;ndano mostr&#243; un porcentaje de ITU menor que aquellos que no recibieron ar&#225;ndano&#44; 12&#44;9 y 38&#44;7&#37;&#44; respectivamente &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Podemos concluir que el ar&#225;ndano &#40;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; tiene un efecto adyuvante en la prevenci&#243;n de la ITU en pacientes portadores de JJ tras la cirug&#237;a&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Barnoiu OS&#44; Sequeira-Garc&#237;a del Moral J&#44; Sanchez-Mart&#237;nez N&#44; D&#237;az-Molina P&#44; Flores-Sirvent L&#44; Baena-Gonz&#225;lez V&#46; Valor preventivo adyuvante del ar&#225;ndano rojo americano &#40;proantocianidinas 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; en las infecciones del tracto urinario tras la colocaci&#243;n de cat&#233;ter ureteral&#46; Actas Urol Esp&#46; 2015&#59;39&#58;112&#8211;117&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1518
            "Ancho" => 1644
            "Tamanyo" => 67586
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Effect of treatment on total population and for each of the sexes&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; JJ&#58; double J ureteral catheter&#59; PPT&#58; percutaneous nephrostomy&#59; UPJ&#58; ureteropelvic junction&#59; URS&#58; ureterorenoscopy&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data expressed as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41; unless otherwise indicated&#46; Bold&#58; data with statistical significance&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Without cranberry &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">With cranberry &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;61&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;54&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;797&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;38&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;45&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; mean</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;9 &#40;13&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;9 &#40;12&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;8 &#40;14&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;576&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diagnosis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UPJ stenosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;6&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;12&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;354&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ureteral stenosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lithiasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;77&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bladder tumor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;6&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous PPT&#47;JJ</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;77&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;61&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;38&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;099&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral URS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unilateral URS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;80&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;77&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Antibiotic surgery</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;77&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;67&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;569&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;32&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of surgery</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Clean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;77&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;58&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;174&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Clean-polluted&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;41&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Antibiotic at discharge</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57 &#40;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;93&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;90&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;839&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;6&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Length of the JJ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;4 &#40;11&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&#46;5 &#40;13&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;4 &#40;10&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;476&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urine culture at removal</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Negative&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;61&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;87&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;042</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Positive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;38&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;12&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab682461.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characterization of individuals according to treatment&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; JJ&#58; double J ureteral catheter&#59; PPT&#58; percutaneous nephrostomy&#59; UPJ&#58; ureteropelvic junction&#59; URS&#58; ureterorenoscopy&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data expressed as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41; unless otherwise indicated&#46; Bold&#58; data with statistical significance&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Negative &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Positive &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Red cranberry</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;61&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;38&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;04</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;87&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;12&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;61&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;38&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;83&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;16&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49&#46;9 &#40;13&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;8 &#40;12&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;9 &#40;16&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diagnosis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lithiasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;73&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;26&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;352&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UPJ stenosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ureteral stenosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;62&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;37&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bladder tumor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous PPT&#47;JJ</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;79&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;20&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;315&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;63&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;36&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unilateral URS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;75&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;242&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral URS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;33&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;66&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Antibiotic surgery</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36 &#40;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;169&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;58&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;41&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of surgery</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Clean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;78&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;21&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;406&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Clean-polluted&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Antibiotic at discharge</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57 &#40;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;75&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;24&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;187&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;33&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;66&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Standard 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Length of the JJ in days</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;4 &#40;11&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;5 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;9 &#40;9&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#46;03</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab682460.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bivariate relationship between risk factors and the type of urine culture&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">With cranberry&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;2 &#40;0&#46;04&#44; 0&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Days of catheter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;05 &#40;1&#44; 1&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;25 &#40;0&#46;06&#44; 0&#46;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab682459.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic regression model&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stratum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5 &#40;0&#46;06&#44; 2&#46;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;461&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;08 &#40;0&#46;01&#44; 0&#46;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab682458.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Model stratified by sex&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Guidelines on urological infections"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Grabe"
                            1 => "R&#46; Bartoletti"
                            2 => "T&#46;J&#46; Bjerklund-Johansen"
                            3 => "H&#46;M&#46; &#199;ek"
                            4 => "R&#46;S&#46; Pickard"
                            5 => "P&#46; Tenke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "editorial" => "European Association of Urology"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Catheter-associated urinary tract infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Warren"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Dis Clin North Am"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "609"
                        "paginaFinal" => "622"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9378926"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevention of catheter-induced urinary tract infection by sterile closed drainage"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Kunin"
                            1 => "R&#46;C&#46; McCormak"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM196605262742101"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "274"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1155"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5934951"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La infecci&#243;n urinaria y su prevenci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Chamorro"
                            1 => "R&#46; Palacios"
                            2 => "J&#46; Alcover"
                            3 => "J&#46; Campos"
                            4 => "F&#46; Borrego"
                            5 => "D&#46; D&#225;maso"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.05.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "48"
                        "paginaFinal" => "53"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757260"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberry products inhibit adherence of p-fimbriated <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escherichia coli</span> to primary cultured bladder and vaginal epithelial cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Gupta"
                            1 => "M&#46;Y&#46; Chou"
                            2 => "A&#46; Howell"
                            3 => "C&#46; Wobbe"
                            4 => "R&#46; Grady"
                            5 => "A&#46;E&#46; Stapleton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.114"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "177"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2357"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2360"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17509358"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fitoterapia en Urolog&#237;a&#46; Evidencia cient&#237;fica actual de su aplicaci&#243;n en urolitiasis&#44; dolor p&#233;lvico cr&#243;nico&#44; disfunci&#243;n er&#233;ctil e infecciones urinarias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Mor&#225;n"
                            1 => "A&#46; Bud&#237;a"
                            2 => "E&#46; Broseta"
                            3 => "F&#46; Boronat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2012.07.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Urol Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "174"
                        "paginaFinal" => "180"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23058994"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberry and recurrent cystitis&#58; more than marketing&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Micali"
                            1 => "G&#46; Isgro"
                            2 => "G&#46; Bianchi"
                            3 => "N&#46; Miceli"
                            4 => "G&#46; Calapai"
                            5 => "M&#46; Navarra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/10408398.2011.625574"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1063"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1075"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24499122"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberry juice fails to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection&#58; results from a randomised placebo-controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Barbosa-Cesnik"
                            1 => "M&#46;B&#46; Brown"
                            2 => "M&#46; Buxton"
                            3 => "L&#46; Zhang"
                            4 => "J&#46; DeBusscher"
                            5 => "B&#46; Foxman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cid/ciq073"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "23"
                        "paginaFinal" => "30"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148516"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Jepson"
                            1 => "G&#46; Williams"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Craig"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Syst Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "CD001321"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076891"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection after renal transplantation by cranberry juice and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">l</span>-methionine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Pagonas"
                            1 => "J&#46; H&#246;rstrup"
                            2 => "D&#46; Schmidt"
                            3 => "P&#46; Benz"
                            4 => "R&#46; Schindler"
                            5 => "P&#46; Reinke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.06.071"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Transplant Proc"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3017"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3021"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195017"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of a cranberry &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vaccinium macrocarpon</span>&#41; preparation in reducing asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with an ileal enterocystoplasty"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Botto"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Neuzillet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3109/00365591003636596"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol Nephrol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "165"
                        "paginaFinal" => "168"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20367451"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of cranberry tablets for the prevention of urinary tract infections in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic bladder"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Hess"
                            1 => "P&#46;E&#46; Hess"
                            2 => "M&#46;R&#46; Sullivan"
                            3 => "M&#46; Nee"
                            4 => "S&#46;V&#46; Yalla"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sc.2008.25"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spinal Cord"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "622"
                        "paginaFinal" => "626"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18392039"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of cranberry supplement for reduction of urinary tract infections in individuals with neurogenic bladders secondary to spinal cord injury&#46; A prospective&#44; double-blinded&#44; placebo-controlled&#44; crossover study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;A&#46; Linsenmeyer"
                            1 => "B&#46; Harrison"
                            2 => "A&#46; Oakley"
                            3 => "S&#46; Kirshblum"
                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Stock"
                            5 => "S&#46;R&#46; Millis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Spinal Cord Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "34"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15156934"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberries vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections&#58; a randomized double-blind noninferiority trial in premenopausal women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Beerepoot"
                            1 => "G&#46; ter Riet"
                            2 => "S&#46; Nys"
                            3 => "W&#46;M&#46; van der Wal"
                            4 => "C&#46;A&#46; de Borgie"
                            5 => "T&#46;M&#46; de Reijke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archinternmed.2011.306"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "171"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1270"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1278"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21788542"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberry or trimethoprim for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections&#63; A randomized controlled trial in older women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; McMurdo"
                            1 => "I&#46; Argo"
                            2 => "G&#46; Phillips"
                            3 => "F&#46; Daly"
                            4 => "P&#46; Davey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkn489"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "389"
                        "paginaFinal" => "395"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19042940"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infecci&#243;n urinaria asociada a cat&#233;teres urinarios en la comunidad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            1 => "J&#46; Mensa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16854359"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of cranberry juice on molecular-scale surface characteristics and adhesion behavior of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escherichia coli</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Liu"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Black"
                            2 => "L&#46; Caron"
                            3 => "T&#46;A&#46; Camesano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/bit.20675"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biotechnol Bioeng"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "297"
                        "paginaFinal" => "305"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16142789"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins prevent formation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Candida albicans</span> biofilms in artificial urine through biofilm- and adherence-specific mechanisms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46;S&#46; Rane"
                            1 => "S&#46;M&#46; Bernardo"
                            2 => "A&#46;B&#46; Howell"
                            3 => "S&#46;A&#46; Lee"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkt398"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "428"
                        "paginaFinal" => "436"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114570"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Solidago&#44; orthosiphon&#44; birch and cranberry extracts can decrease microbial colonization and biofilm development in indwelling urinary catheter&#58; a microbiologic and ultrastructural pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Cai"
                            1 => "I&#46; Caola"
                            2 => "F&#46; Tessarolo"
                            3 => "F&#46; Piccoli"
                            4 => "C&#46; D&#8217;Elia"
                            5 => "P&#46; Caciagli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00345-013-1173-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1007"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1014"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092275"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pilot study on the effect of composite UmayC in catheter-associated lower urinary tract infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;S&#46; Chen"
                            1 => "P&#46;J&#46; Chang"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; Ho"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1159/000312408"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Int"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "85"
                        "paginaInicial" => "60"
                        "paginaFinal" => "65"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20389054"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000104/v2_201502240227/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6274"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003900000002/v2_201502240227/S2173578615000104/v2_201502240227/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578615000104?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 21735786
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.acuroe.2015.01.008

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2023 March	3	2	5
2018 March	1	0	1
2018 February	5	1	6
2018 January	9	0	9
2017 December	3	1	4
2017 November	13	3	16
2017 October	25	2	27
2017 September	12	1	13
2017 August	13	1	14
2017 July	11	6	17
2017 June	20	7	27
2017 May	31	16	47
2017 April	12	8	20
2017 March	35	17	52
2017 February	1	0	1
2016 December	0	2	2
2016 November	0	2	2
2016 October	0	4	4
2016 September	0	7	7
2016 August	0	5	5
2016 July	0	2	2
2016 June	0	5	5
2016 May	0	5	5
2016 April	0	16	16
2016 March	0	10	10
2016 February	0	15	15
2016 January	0	13	13
2015 December	0	12	12
2015 November	2	8	10
2015 October	0	7	7
2015 September	0	3	3
2015 July	0	1	1
2015 April	0	1	1
2015 March	0	2	2

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter