Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. A literature review | Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition)

array:24 ["pii" => "S2173578619300915" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.03.014" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01" "aid" => "1156" "copyright" => "AEU" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:404-13" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210480619300415" "issn" => "02104806" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2019.03.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01" "aid" => "1156" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:404-13" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 641 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 613 "PDF" => 28 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Artículo de revisión" "titulo" => "Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "404" "paginaFinal" => "413" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. A literature review" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2604 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 582494 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Evaluación de los estudios incluidos usando la herramienta QUADAS-2. A) Resumen de riesgo de sesgos: evaluación de cada tipo de sesgo en cada estudio incluido. B) Gráfico de riesgo de sesgos: resume la evaluación de cada tipo de sesgo como porcentajes del total de estudios." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Agreda Castañeda, C.X. Raventós Busquets, J. Morote Robles" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Agreda Castañeda" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C.X." "apellidos" => "Raventós Busquets" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Morote Robles" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173578619300915" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.03.014" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300915?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480619300415?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02104806/0000004300000008/v1_201910021034/S0210480619300415/v1_201910021034/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578619300939" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.03.015" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01" "aid" => "1159" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:414-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Positive margins after partial nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma: Oncological outcomes of conservative management after long-term follow-up" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "414" "paginaFinal" => "418" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Márgenes positivos tras nefrectomía parcial en carcinoma de células renales: seguimiento a largo plazo y resultados oncológicos con manejo conservador" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1202 "Ancho" => 1536 "Tamanyo" => 65765 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Disease-free survival calculated at 5 years." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.J. Fernández-Concha Schwalb, J.I. Pérez Reggeti, M.A. López Costea, X. Bonet Puntí, H. Ramos Reina, F. Vigués Julia" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Concha Schwalb" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "Pérez Reggeti" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "López Costea" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "X." "apellidos" => "Bonet Puntí" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Ramos Reina" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Vigués Julia" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480619300452" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2019.03.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480619300452?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300939?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300939/v1_201910021051/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578619300885" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.07.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01" "aid" => "1173" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:397-403" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1 "HTML" => 1 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Review article" "titulo" => "Precise characterization of urinary tract innervation using three-dimensional reconstruction: A contemporary review" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "397" "paginaFinal" => "403" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Caracterización precisa de la inervación del tracto urinario mediante reconstrucción tridimensional: una revisión contemporánea" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1979 "Ancho" => 2497 "Tamanyo" => 442947 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Macroscopic innervation of the genitourinary tract." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F.A. Jefferson, Z. Okhunov, D. Veneziano, J.G. Rivas, A.D. Meneses, G.E. Cacciamani, M.R. Socarras, J. Wikenhiezer, J. Landman" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.A." "apellidos" => "Jefferson" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Z." "apellidos" => "Okhunov" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Veneziano" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.G." "apellidos" => "Rivas" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.D." "apellidos" => "Meneses" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G.E." "apellidos" => "Cacciamani" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.R." "apellidos" => "Socarras" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Wikenhiezer" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Landman" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480619300749" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2019.03.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480619300749?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300885?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300885/v1_201910021051/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Review article" "titulo" => "Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. A literature review" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "404" "paginaFinal" => "413" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Agreda Castañeda, C.X. Raventós Busquets, J. Morote Robles" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Agreda Castañeda" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fagreda.germanstrias@gencat.cat" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C.X." "apellidos" => "Raventós Busquets" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Morote Robles" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2604 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 551928 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evaluation of the included studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. (A) Risk of bias summary: evaluation of each type of bias in every included study. (B) Risk of bias graph summarizing the evaluation of each type of bias as percentages of the total number of studies." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionWith a fluctuating worldwide incidence, bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">1</a> With 41.5 male and 4.8 female cases, Spain has the highest age-adjusted incidence in Europe, while Finland has the lowest, with 18.1 in men and 4.3 in women. 12,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">1</a> Approximately 75% of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">2</a> NMIBC is characterized by its high recurrence rate and the risk of progression to muscle-invasive disease. For these reasons, a long-term follow-up is recommended.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">2</a>Cystoscopy is the reference test in the surveillance of NMIBC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">2</a> Urine cytology and bladder washing are also performed for its diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">3</a> Cytology has high sensitivity for high-grade tumors and carcinoma in situ, but it is deficient for low-grade tumors, ranging from 4% to 31%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">4</a>Numerous urinary markers have been described for the non-invasive detection of NMIBC recurrence. Although some have been approved by international agencies, their use has not been consolidated in clinical practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">5</a> This is basically due to the lack of coherence between clinical trials and reality. Most study cohorts have been artificially established, data of diagnosis of initial tumors and recurrences are mistakenly arranged, and they do not clearly specify the grade of NMIBC that is being evaluated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">6</a> On many occasions, the prevalence in these artificial cohorts is higher than the real one. As a consequence, the diagnostic accuracy reported in these artificial cohorts cannot be extrapolated to real populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">7</a> In order to demonstrate the usefulness of an assay, it must be evaluated in real populations, with similar prevalence to those of clinical practice.The aim of this review is to analyze the efficacy of urinary markers. We have selected studies which have been performed exclusively on patients under surveillance for NMIBC, in order to compare them with the traditional methods (cystoscopy and urinary cytology). From a practical point of view, we intend to evaluate if the number of cystoscopies performed during the follow-up period of NMIBC can be reduced.Evidence acquisitionOn August 1, 2018, two physicians conducted a literature search on Medline (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>), Embase (<a href="http://www.embase.com/">http://www.embase.com</a>) and Cochrane (<a href="http://www.cochrane.org/">http://www.cochrane.org</a>), circumscribed to the last 10 years, English or Spanish, using the terms: bladder cancer, recurrence, detection and urine marker. 973 records were obtained and, following the criteria Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes (PRISMA), 27 studies were finally identified. The selection criteria were: comparative analysis between a urinary marker and cystoscopy and cytology specifically in the surveillance of patients with NMIBC (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Quality assessment of the selected studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a> shows the results after the application of the QUADAS-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">8</a> tool. The most frequently recorded bias is not to specify the positivity of the trial in the methodology. Despite this, most of the articles included in the review meet most of the QUADAS-2 criteria, suggesting its moderate-high quality.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Evidence synthesisTo simplify the analysis, we have divided the markers into 3 groups and described them according to the number of studies that evaluate them, arranging them from those present in more literature to those in less: transcription factors, protein markers and cellular assays. In addition, we independently analyzed the anticipated diagnosis, as it has been evaluated in some of the reviewed publications.Transcription factor assaysThis group includes tests that detect DNA or RNA (microRNA, messenger RNA) in acellular urine or in the pellet of cells exfoliated from the urinary tract. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) are double strands of coding RNA found in the cytoplasm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">9</a> Its expression is used to identify and quantify mutated genes associated with BC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">6</a> Mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) are associated with NMIBC in up to 70% and with low-grade recurrence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">10</a> Allory et al. demonstrated a high prevalence of mutations of the TERT promoter gene (telomerase reverse transcriptase) in an 80% of patients with BC. The sensitivity to recurrence was only 42% increasing to 50% when combining TERT mRNA and FGFR3 mRNA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">11</a> Kavalieris and Lotan, evaluated the CxBladder® trial. This assay quantitatively detects the mRNA expression of CXCR2, HOXA13, MDK, IGFBP5 and CDK1, as well as including in its algorithm whether it is a primary or recurrent BC and the time until recurrence. The sensitivity was greater than 90%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) exceeded 95%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265">12,13</a> Pichler et al. evaluated the Xpert® Bladder Cancer monitor.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">14</a> This test detects the mRNA expression of ABL1, CRH, IGF2, UPK1B and ANXA10 and can be performed as an automated analyzer at consultation (POC: point of care), obtaining results in less than 2h. The sensitivity of the test was 84% and its NPV was 93%. Nowadays, there are no other publications that validate these results. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single strands of RNA, less than 22 nucleotides, non-coding, that regulate the expression of mRNA. Sapre et al. have reported a panel with 6 miRNAs: miR16, miR200c, miR205, miR21, miR221 and miR34a, and have observed a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 48%, respectively, and a NPV of 75%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">9</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the characteristics and results of the RNA-based studies.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Microsatellites (MS) are highly polymorphic regions of DNA, an integral part of neoplastic progression, which can be used as clonal markers of BC. The study of MS has provided information regarding the association between loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and BC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">7</a> Van der Aa et al. evaluated the detection of the FGFR3 mutation and of LOH zones in MS of 10 chromosomes, observing a sensitivity of 58% and a NPV of 94%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">15</a> Regarding patients with the FGFR3 mutation, Zuiverloon et al. observed that the reappearance of the mutated gene in exfoliated urinary cells during surveillance implied a risk of recurrence of 81%, with a NPV of 94%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">16</a> Subsequently, they evaluated the mutations (FGFR3, PIK3CA and RAS), MS analysis and DNA methylation in patients with low-grade BC and observed that the evaluation of the three mutations does not improve the detection of recurrence, and that the best combination was FGFR3 and MS analysis, obtaining a sensitivity of 82%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">17</a> Couffignal et al. detected the FGFR3 mutation in 39% of primary BC cases. Detection of the mutation during surveillance had a sensitivity of 73% and a NPV of 94%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">18</a>DNA methylations are epigenetic, stable changes that are associated with the development of neoplasms through the inactivation of suppressor genes and/or overexpression of oncogenes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">19</a> The detection of these methylations has been studied extensively as biomarkers of NMIBC, in exclusive panels of methylation or combined with other assays. Kandimalla et al. combined the detection of FGFR3 and three methylations (OTX1, ONECUT2 and OSR1) and without considering the status of FGFR3, observed an overall sensitivity and NPV of 79% and 76%, respectively. The sensitivity for high-grade BC was 80% and 73% for low-grade.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">6</a> Reinert et al. controlled the reappearance of methylated genes when initial BC methylation was determined. They analyzed the state of 6 methylations (EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, VIM and ZNF154). During follow-up, they reached a sensitivity that ranged between 87 and 93% in the detection of recurrence. However, they did not show advantages of the methylation combination.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">20</a> Roperch et al. also evaluated the status of FGFR3 and 18 methylations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">21</a> In their analysis, the best combination associated 3 methylations (HS3ST2, SLIT2 and SEPTIN9) with an overall sensitivity for recurrence of 90%. Zuiverloon et al. evaluated a panel of 23 methylations without determining their status on the initial BC. The best combination was obtained with APCa, TERTa, TERTb and EDNRB methylations, reaching a sensitivity of 72%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">22</a> Su et al. observed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 89% with a panel of 3 methylations (SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">23</a> In a multicenter study including more than 450 samples, van der Heijden et al. observed a sensitivity of 89.6% and a NPV of 82.86% with the detection of 3 methylated genes (CFTR, SALL3 and TWIST1). They also estimated that, by adjusting the prevalence of recurrence to routine clinical practice, their methylation panel could achieve a NPV of 99%. Thus, more than 35% of cystoscopies could be avoided during the follow-up of NMIBC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">24</a> In a European multi-institutional study, Witjes et al. used the Bladder EpiCheck®, an assay that evaluates 15 methylations in more than 350 samples during the first year of surveillance. They observed a sensitivity and an overall NPV of 68% and 95%, respectively. They also estimated that the NPV rises to 99.3% when excluding low-grade pTa, which would rule out high-grade recurrence and reduce the number of surveillance cystoscopies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">25</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> summarizes the studies with DNA.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Protein markersThe quantification of proteins in urine is simple and is usually measured by immunoassays. Recently, automated testing allows their determination at the point of care (POC).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">5</a> Currently it is also possible to determine protein panels.There are two assay formats to determine NMP22 (nuclear matrix protein 22). The NMP22 Bladder ELISA test®, (a quantitative and laboratory-based assay) and the NMP22 BladderChek®, a qualitative POC assay). In the quantitative assay, the usual cut-off point was 10U/mL, although some authors have adjusted it according to their results. In the qualitative test the “positive” is obtained with a result of 10U/mL or more. The detection of NMP22 in urine for the diagnosis of BC has been approved by the FDA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">2</a> Horstmann et al. obtained a sensitivity of 68% and a NPV of 60% with the quantitative ELISA test.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">26</a> The sensitivity was 80% in high-grade BC. Using the POC trial, Hosseini et al. obtained a sensitivity of 78.8% and a NPV of 85.3%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">27</a> Pichler et al. observed a sensitivity of 12.9%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">28</a> with this assay. On the other hand, one group proposes the use of BladderChek®, replacing cytology in the surveillance of NMIBC, based on its lower cost, its immediate results, and a NPV of 90.5%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">29</a> In their analysis of more than 2000 samples and using a decision algorithm, Shariat et al., demonstrated that the use of the NMP22 Bladder ELISA test® could reduce 23% of the cystoscopies performed during the surveillance of NMIBC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">30</a>The Urinary Bladder Cancer (UBC®) assay measures the presence of CK 8 and 18 in urine. It can be performed quantitatively with ELISA, qualitatively and POC (UBC STAT®) and quantitative and POC, by means of a spectrophotometric reader, called UBC rapid POC®.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">31</a> Three publications that used the UBC rapid POC® obtained an overall sensitivity that ranged between 54% and 64%. The best reported NPV was 70.5% and the highest sensitivity for detecting high-grade BC was 79%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">28,31,32</a>The simultaneous determination of several proteins aims to increase the overall diagnostic accuracy; results have been published with different combinations of urinary proteins. Rosser et al. analyzed a panel of 10 proteins observing a global sensitivity of 79% and 65% in high-grade BC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">33</a> After evaluating 27 urinary proteins, Soukup et al. determined a sensitivity of 92% with the use of urinary cytology and 2 proteins.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">34</a> Another group used a panel of 5 proteins in addition to other clinical parameters (number of recurrences, tumor stage and history of instillations with BCG).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380">35</a> Peptide tests (protein fragments such as hemoglobin, collagen, apolipoprotein A, etc.) have also been used. Frantzi et al. observed a sensitivity of 88% with the performance of mass spectrometry to quantify 106 peptides.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">36</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> summarizes the studies with urinary proteins.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Cellular assaysWe include two essays in this section; UroVysion FISH® (Vysis, Laboratorios Abbott, Des Plaines, USA) and uCyt+® (Scimedx Inc., Denville, USA). UroVysion FISH® (fluorescent in situ hybridization) contains probes that hybridize to the centromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7 and 17 and a single-sequence probe that hybridizes to the p16 gene in 9p21. The diagnosis requires the visualization of at least 25 morphologically anomalous cells; detection of 4 or more cells with excess of 2 or more chromosomes 3, 7 or 17 in the same cell or at least 12cells with deletion of the p16 gene.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">37</a> The interpretation of this assay requires trained and experienced staff. A 10% of non-evaluable cases has been reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">38</a> uCyt+® contains fluorescent antibodies against mucin glycoproteins and carcinoembryonic antigen. After evaluating at least 500 nuclei, the detection of more than one positive cell is considered pathological.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">38</a> Todenhöfer et al. applied UroVysion®, uCyt+® and NMP22 to more than 400 samples of patients under surveillance by NMIBC. They showed that the measurement of 2 of these markers can provide a NPV of 99.1% in high-grade BC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">37</a> “Reflexed” tests refer to secondary tests (UroVysion® o uCyt+®) when the result of the initial test is suspicious (suspicious cytology). Odisho et al. used uCyt+® as reflexed test of cytology in more than 300 samples and obtained sensitivity of 72.9% and NPV of 80%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">39</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> summarizes the studies with cellular assays.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Anticipatory diagnosisThe anticipatory detection of recurrence of NMIBC occurs when a urine test is positive prior to diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">5</a> According to the European and American guidelines,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">5</a> the period of time between the positive test and the BC diagnosis should last less than one year. Four groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280">15–18</a> determined the presence of the FGFR3 mutation and demonstrated that more than 80% of patients with the mutation will present recurrence between the months 12 and 24. Two other groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305">20,23</a> that evaluated the appearance of 9 methylations, demonstrated that a 68–80% of patients have recurrence at 24 months. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> summarizes the markers that report anticipatory detection.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionNMIBC surveillance is the clinical scenario of greatest interest for a urinary biomarker. Surprisingly, we have identified few studies that specifically analyze this cohort of patients. Most publications report “artificial” populations that include patients with BC at the time of diagnosis, high and low grade NMIBC recurrences, and rates/percentages that do not reflect the clinical reality of NMIBC surveillance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">6</a> In order to determine the usefulness of a marker in the surveillance of the NMIBC, we have only analyzed the publications that describe results regarding only this population. We have also evaluated the aspects that could improve the surveillance protocol of this disease, with a more adequate number and frequency of cystoscopies performed.Among the genetic assays that evaluate RNA, we have found two (CxBladder® and XpertBC®) that could improve the surveillance of NMIBC. With a NPV over 96%, CxBladder® is a promising test that could reduce the large number of cystoscopy performances.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265">12,13</a> XpertBC® has the advantage of being performed at the point of care, and, in a cohort with a recurrence rate of 30%, showed a NPV of 93%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">14</a> Despite the good results observed with these two trials in the surveillance of NMIBC, studies comparing different surveillance protocols have not been designed.Among the trials that evaluate DNA, five report NPV exceeding 80%, which would reduce the number of cystoscopy performances in the surveillance of NMIBC (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). Two of these (five) publications compare surveillance protocols and estimate a reduction in the number of cystoscopies performed. Van der Heijden et al. have estimated a cystoscopy reduction of 35%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">24</a> With Bladder EpiCheck®, Witjes et al. have observed a NPV of 99.1% when considering only high-grade recurrences and estimate a significant reduction of the cystoscopies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">25</a> The other three publications that evaluate DNA assays do not make comparisons among the surveillance protocols.The quantification of proteins in urine by immunoassays has been carried out for more than 30 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">38</a> Markers based on the quantification of NMP22 and cytokeratins 8 and 18 (UBC®) have been widely studied with heterogeneous results. This is why these are not recommended by clinical practice guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340">27,28,31</a> With the improvement in protein quantification techniques, the current trend is to analyze protein panels. Among the reviewed publications, few report NPV, which does not allow for an estimated reduction of cystoscopies during surveillance of NMIBC (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). A crucial advantage of immunoassays is their performance at the point of care (UBC® and NMP22); this characteristic is very useful for clinicians. Two studies that evaluated proteins suggest that the surveillance protocol for NMIBC could be improved. Terrell et al. demonstrated that urinary cytology can be avoided with the use of BladderChek® (NMP22 at the point of care), estimating that this would reduce costs and time during surveillance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">29</a> Shariat et al. suggest that with the application of NMP22 Bladder ELISA test®, cystoscopies could be reduced by 23% in the surveillance of NMIBC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">30</a>Cell-based tests require trained personnel and more time to perform them, and often provide inconclusive results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">38</a> These reasons have led to limit its application to “reflexed” tests of conventional urinary cytology (when cytology is suspicious).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400">39,40</a> Although the reviewed publications report a NPV higher than 80% (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>), the complexity of their interpretation discards them as an option to simplify and improve the surveillance protocol of NMIBC.The anticipatory detection of recurrence of NMIBC was initially described in cellular trials, however, these results were heterogeneous.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">39</a> The introduction of genetic assays has attempted to quantify alterations (methylations, DNA mutations) that precede the appearance of tumor recurrence. Some studies show that mutations and methylations do not provide clear information regarding the time of recurrence and show that, in some cases, methylation and mutations do not imply tumor recurrence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">20</a> The analyzed studies report rates of up to 85% of anticipated detections.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">17</a> Some studies describe recurrences at 24 months, which may not be associated with the genetic alteration presented in the studies, but to the natural history of the disease. In any case, the analysis of mutations, methylations, and chromosomal alterations allows to determine a risk group in order to provide it with a more adequate surveillance by adjusting the frequency of cystoscopies.This review does not include markers for which there are no publications written in the last decade, and the main limitation to establish the evidence synthesis is the scarce number of well-designed studies specifically on the surveillance of NMIBC.ConclusionsIn the last decade, a large number of markers have been analyzed aiming to improve the surveillance of NMIBC. Transcription factors, protein and cell-based trials have been performed. Even when some of these have shown great diagnostic accuracy, only few have been able to improve the surveillance protocol of NMIBC. Future studies should be carried out, not only to prove the diagnostic precision of the trial, but to really improve the surveillance protocol of NMIBC.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1251572" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Evidence acquisition" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160293" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1251571" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Contexto" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Adquisición de la evidencia" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Síntesis de la evidencia" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160292" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Evidence acquisition" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Quality assessment of the selected studies" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Transcription factor assays" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Protein markers" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Cellular assays" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Anticipatory diagnosis" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-01-16" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-03-04" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160293" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Bladder cancer" 1 => "Biomarker" 2 => "Surveillance" 3 => "Urine" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160292" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Cáncer vesical" 1 => "Biomarcador" 2 => "Vigilancia" 3 => "Orina" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundThe surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is usually performed by cystoscopy and cytology. Until today, no effective urinary biomarker has been used to reduce the morbidity and cost associated with these procedures. ObjectiveTo describe the performance of urinary biomarkers in the surveillance of NMIBC. Evidence acquisitionOn August 1, 2018, a bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library, limited to the last 10 years, with the terms: bladder cancer, recurrence, detection and urine marker. 973 registers were obtained, and 27 publications were selected following the PRISMA recommendations. Evidence synthesisThe negative predictive values (NPV) of several assays could reduce the number of cystoscopies in NMIBC surveillance. Six transcription-factor trials had an NPV rate greater than 90%, and one of them can be performed at the control point. Six transcription-factors evaluations describe anticipated diagnosis between 68% and 83% of their “false positives”. Two transcription factors and one protein assays proved reduction between 23% and 35% of surveillance cystoscopies. Nowadays, cell-based assays are restricted to reflex test after doubtful cytologies. ConclusionThere are few studies analysing the improvement of the NMIBC surveillance protocols. Several transcription factor assays are more precise and allow anticipatory diagnosis. Currently, there are no comparative studies between alternative surveillance protocols and classic ones." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Evidence acquisition" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ContextoLa vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante (TVNMI) se realiza habitualmente mediante cistoscopia y citologías urinarias seriadas. Hoy, no se utiliza ningún marcador urinario, suficientemente eficaz, para reducir la morbilidad y coste de este seguimiento. ObjetivoDescribir el rendimiento de los marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del TVNMI. Adquisición de la evidenciaEl 1 de agosto de 2018 se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Embase y librería Cochrane, acotada a los últimos 10 años, con los términos: bladder cancer, recurrence, detection y urine marker. Se obtuvieron 973 registros y siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA se seleccionaron 27 publicaciones. Síntesis de la evidenciaLos valores predictivos negativos de varios ensayos permitirían reducir el número de cistoscopias en la vigilancia del TVNMI. Seis ensayos de factores de transcripción tuvieron un valor predictivo negativo superior al 90% y uno de ellos se puede realizar en el punto de control. Seis ensayos de factores de transcripción describen diagnóstico anticipado entre el 68% y 83% de sus «falsos positivos». Dos ensayos de factores de transcripción y uno de proteínas demuestran reducir entre el 23% y el 35% de las cistoscopias de vigilancia. Los ensayos celulares se restringen a pruebas reflejo ante citologías urinarias dudosas. ConclusiónExisten pocas publicaciones que permitan analizar la mejoría del protocolo de vigilancia del TVNMI. Los ensayos de factores de transcripción tienen la mejor precisión diagnóstica y algunos permiten diagnóstico anticipado. Hoy en día no hay análisis que comparen entre protocolos alternativos de vigilancia y el convencional." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Contexto" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Adquisición de la evidencia" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Síntesis de la evidencia" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Agreda Castañeda F, Raventós Busquets CX, Morote Robles J. Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura. Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:404–413." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1770 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 253312 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flow diagram of the identified, reviewed and included studies, according to PRISMA." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2604 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 551928 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evaluation of the included studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. (A) Risk of bias summary: evaluation of each type of bias in every included study. (B) Risk of bias graph summarizing the evaluation of each type of bias as percentages of the total number of studies." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author, year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Allory et al., 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TERTp+FGFR3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">109 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">c</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sapre et al., 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">9</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">miR16, miR200c, miR205, miR21, miR221 and miR34a \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Kavalieris et al., 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CXCR2, HOXA13, MDK, IGFBP5 and CDK1 (CxBladder®)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">156 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">607 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lotan et al., 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">13</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CXCR2, HOXA13, MDK, IGFBP5 and CDK1 (CxBladder®)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">151 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">597 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pichler et al., 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">14</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ABL1, CRH, IGF2, UPK1B and ANXA10 (XpertBC®)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2141140.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Negative predictive value." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "High grade." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "Not specified." ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "Approved for commercial use." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Summary of studies with RNA. Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author, year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Van der Aa et al., 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">15</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035">c</a>+FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">731 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al., 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">16</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Kandimalla et al., 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">6</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation+3methylations (OTX1, ONECUT2 and OSR1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al., 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">22</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 methylations (APCa, TERTa, TERTb and EDNRB) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Reinert et al., 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 methylations (EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, VIM and ZNF154) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">101 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87–93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28–47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55–78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al., 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">17</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MS+FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">136 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Su et al., 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">23</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 methylations (SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Couffignal et al., 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Roperch et al., 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">21</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation+3 methylations (HS3ST2, SLIT2 and SEPTIN9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Van der Heijden et al., 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">24</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 methylations (CFTR, SALL3 and TWIST1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">173 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">285 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Witjes et al., 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">25</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Bladder EpiCheck® (15 methylations)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0045">e</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">309 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95.1–99.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2141138.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0025" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Negative predictive value." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0030" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "High grade." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0035" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "Microsatellite." ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0040" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "Not specified." ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0045" "etiqueta" => "e" "nota" => "Approved for commercial use." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Summary of studies with DNA. Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author, year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0055">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Horstmann et al., 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">26</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NMP22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">113 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">108 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hosseini et al., 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">27</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NMP22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">78.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ritter et al., 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">31</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UBC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rosser et al., 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">33</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 proteins (IL8, MMP9, MMP10, SERPINA1, VEGFA, ANG, CA9, APOE, SERPINE1 and SDC1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0060">c</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Soukup et al., 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">34</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Midkine and Synuclein G (and cytology) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Blanca et al., 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410">41</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3+Cyclin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">102 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">219 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Frantzi et al., 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">36</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">106 peptides \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">156 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pichler et al., 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">28</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NMP22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UBC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Styrke et al., 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">32</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UBC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2141141.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0050" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Negative predictive value." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0055" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "High grade." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0060" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "Not specified." ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0065" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "Approved for commercial use." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Summary of studies with protein markers. Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author, year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Technique \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0070">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0075">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Todenhöfer et al., 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">37</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UroVysion®<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085">d</a> and uCyt+®4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">355 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80–90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0080">c</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89–99.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Odisho et al., 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">39</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">uCyt+® (reflexed)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085">d</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">306 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2141137.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0070" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Negative predictive value." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0075" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "High grade." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0080" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "Not specified." ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0085" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "Approved for commercial use." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Summary of studies with cellular assays. Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author, year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow-up time (months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">“False positives” rate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage of false positives with recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Van der Aa et al., 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">15</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0090">a</a>+FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">198/80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al., 2010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0095">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Reinert et al., 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">20</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 methylations (EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1, VIM and ZNF154) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30/37% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al., 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">17</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MS+FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Su et al., 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">23</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 methylations (SOX1, IRAK3 and L1—MET) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6/17% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Couffignal et al., 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">18</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/18% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2141139.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0090" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Microsatellites." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0095" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Not specified." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Summary of studies that report markers for early detection. Maximum follow-up time, “false positive” rates and recurrence percentages are shown." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:41 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bladder cancer in Spain 2011: population based study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Miñana" 1 => "J.M. Cózar" 2 => "J. Palou" 3 => "M. Unda Urzaiz" 4 => "R.A. Medina-Lopez" 5 => "J. Subirá Ríos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2013.08.049" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "191" "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "328" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994371" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2013" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Babjuk" 1 => "M. Burger" 2 => "R. Zigeuner" 3 => "S.F. Shariat" 4 => "B.W.G. van Rhijn" 5 => "E. Compérat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.003" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "64" "paginaInicial" => "639" "paginaFinal" => "653" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827737" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673610602747" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A systematic review of the diagnostic and prognostic value of urinary protein biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.J. D’Costa" 1 => "J.C. Goldsmith" 2 => "J.S. Wilson" 3 => "R.T. Bryan" 4 => "D.G. Ward" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3233/BLC-160054" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bladder Cancer" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "301" "paginaFinal" => "317" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500198" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prospective analysis of sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytology and other urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F.A. Yafi" 1 => "F. Brimo" 2 => "J. Steinberg" 3 => "A.G. Aprikian" 4 => "S. Tanguay" 5 => "W. Kassouf" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.008" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Oncol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "66" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240760" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "EAU Guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2016" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Babjuk" 1 => "A. Böhle" 2 => "M. Burger" 3 => "O. Capoun" 4 => "D. Cohen" 5 => "E.M. Compérat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.041" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "71" "paginaInicial" => "447" "paginaFinal" => "461" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324428" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A 3-plex methylation assay combined with the FGFR3 mutation assay sensitively detects recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Kandimalla" 1 => "R. Masius" 2 => "W. Beukers" 3 => "C.H. Bangma" 4 => "T.F. Orntoft" 5 => "L. Dyrskjot" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3276" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "4760" "paginaFinal" => "4769" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842048" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S014067360209712X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urine markers for bladder cancer surveillance: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "B.W.G. Van Rhijn" 1 => "H.G. van der Poel" 2 => "T.H. van der Kwast" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2005.03.014" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "736" "paginaFinal" => "748" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15925067" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.F. Whiting" 1 => "A.W. Rutjes" 2 => "M.E. Westwood" 3 => "S. Mallett" 4 => "J.J. Deeks" 5 => "J.B. Reitsma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "155" "paginaInicial" => "529" "paginaFinal" => "536" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22007046" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A urinary microRNA signature can predict the presence of bladder urothelial carcinoma in patients undergoing surveillance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Sapre" 1 => "G. Macintyre" 2 => "M. Clarkson" 3 => "H. Naeem" 4 => "M. Cmero" 5 => "A. Kowalczyk" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/bjc.2015.472" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Cancer" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "114" "paginaInicial" => "454" "paginaFinal" => "462" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812572" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Detection of multiple mutations in urinary exfoliated cells from male bladder cancer patients at diagnosis and during follow-up" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Critelli" 1 => "F. Fasanelli" 2 => "M. Oderda" 3 => "S. Polidoro" 4 => "M.B. Assumma" 5 => "C. Viberti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.18632/oncotarget.11883" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oncotarget" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "7" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27835610" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in bladder cancer: high frequency across stages detection in urine, and lack of association with outcome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y. Allory" 1 => "W. Beukers" 2 => "A. Sagrera" 3 => "M. Flández" 4 => "M. Marqués" 5 => "M. Márquez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.052" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "360" "paginaFinal" => "366" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018021" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Performance characteristics of a multigene urine biomarker test for monitoring for recurrent urothelial carcinoma in a multicenter study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Kavalieris" 1 => "P. O'Sullivan" 2 => "C. Frampton" 3 => "P. Guilford" 4 => "D. Darling" 5 => "E. Jacobson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2016.12.010" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "197" "paginaInicial" => "1419" "paginaFinal" => "1426" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986532" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical comparison of noninvasive urine test for ruling out recurrent urothelial carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y. Lotan" 1 => "P. O'Sullivan" 2 => "J.D. Raman" 3 => "S.F. Shariat" 4 => "L. Kavalieris" 5 => "C. Frampton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.03.008" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "531" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased accuracy of a novel mRNA-based urine test for bladder cancer surveillance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Pichler" 1 => "J. Fritz" 2 => "G. Tulchiner" 3 => "G. Klinglmair" 4 => "A. Soleiman" 5 => "W. Horninger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/bju.14019" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "121" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "37" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941000" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microsatellite analysis of voided-urine samples for surveillance of low-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma: feasibility and clinical utility in a prospective multicenter study (Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up of Urinary Bladder Cancer Trial [CEFUB])" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.N.M. Van der Aa" 1 => "E.C. Zwarthoff" 2 => "E.W. Steyerberg" 3 => "M.W. Boogaard" 4 => "Y. Nijsen" 5 => "K.A. van der Keur" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2008.05.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "659" "paginaFinal" => "668" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18501499" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation analysis on voided urine for surveillance of patients with low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.C.M. Zuiverloon" 1 => "M.N.M. van der Aa" 2 => "T.H. van der Kwast" 3 => "E.W. Steyerberg" 4 => "H.F. Lingsma" 5 => "C.H. Bangma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "3011" "paginaFinal" => "3018" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20404005" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combinations of urinary biomarkers for surveillance of patients with incident nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: The European FP7 UROMOL Project" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.C.M. Zuiverloon" 1 => "W. Beukers" 2 => "K.A. van der Keur" 3 => "A.J.M. Nieuweboer" 4 => "T. Reinert" 5 => "L. Dyrskjot" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.115" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "189" "paginaInicial" => "1945" "paginaFinal" => "1951" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201384" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The diagnostic and prognostic performance of urinary FGFR3 mutation analysis in bladder cancer surveillance: a prospective multicenter study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Couffignal" 1 => "F. Desgrandchamps" 2 => "P. Mongiat-Artus" 3 => "V. Ravery" 4 => "I. Ouzaid" 5 => "M. Roupret" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.urology.2015.07.036" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urology" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "86" "paginaInicial" => "1185" "paginaFinal" => "1191" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364695" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "UroMark—a urinary biomarker assay for the detection of bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Feber" 1 => "P. Dhami" 2 => "L. Dong" 3 => "P. de Winter" 4 => "W.S. Tan" 5 => "M. Martínez-Fernández" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s13148-016-0303-5" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Epigenet" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "9" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence based on urinary levels of EOMES, HOXA9, POU4F2, TWIST1 VIM, and ZNF154 Hypermethylation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Reinert" 1 => "M. Borre" 2 => "A. Christiansen" 3 => "G.G. Hermann" 4 => "T.F. Ørntoft" 5 => "L. Dyrskjøt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0046297" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS ONE" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "e46297" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056278" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Promoter hypermethylation of HS3ST2 SEPTIN9 and SLIT2 combined with FGFR3 mutations as a sensitive/specific urinary assay for diagnosis and surveillance in patients with low or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.-P. Roperch" 1 => "B. Grandchamp" 2 => "F. Desgrandchamps" 3 => "P. Mongiat-Artus" 4 => "V. Ravery" 5 => "I. Ouzaid" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12885-016-2748-5" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Cancer" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "16" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27192978" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A methylation assay for the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrences in voided urine: methylation assay for detecting NMIBC recurrences in voided urine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.C.M. Zuiverloon" 1 => "W. Beukers" 2 => "K.A. van der Keur" 3 => "J.R. Munoz" 4 => "C.H. Bangma" 5 => "H.F. Lingsma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10428.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "109" "paginaInicial" => "941" "paginaFinal" => "948" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756281" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A panel of three markers hyper- and hypomethylated in urine sediments accurately predicts bladder cancer recurrence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.-F. Su" 1 => "A.L. de Castro Abreu" 2 => "Y. Chihara" 3 => "Y. Tsai" 4 => "C. Andreu-Vieyra" 5 => "S. Daneshmand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2637" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "1978" "paginaFinal" => "1989" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691641" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urine cell-based DNA methylation classifier for monitoring bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.G. Van der Heijden" 1 => "L. Mengual" 2 => "M. Ingelmo-Torres" 3 => "J.J. Lozano" 4 => "C.C.M. van Rijt-van de Westerlo" 5 => "M. Baixauli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s13148-018-0496-x" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Epigenet" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "10" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Performance of the bladder EpiCheckTM methylation test for patients under surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results of a multicenter, prospective blinded clinical trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.A. Witjes" 1 => "J. Morote" 2 => "E.B. Cornel" 3 => "G. Gakis" 4 => "F.J.P. van Valenberg" 5 => "F. Lozano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.euo.2018.06.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol Oncol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "307" "paginaFinal" => "313" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100252" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combinations of urine-based tumour markers in bladder cancer surveillance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Horstmann" 1 => "O. Patschan" 2 => "J. Hennenlotter" 3 => "E. Senger" 4 => "G. Feil" 5 => "A. Stenzl" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3109/00365590903296837" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol Nephrol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "461" "paginaFinal" => "466" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19903092" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Detection of recurrent bladder cancer: NMP22 test or urine cytology?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Hosseini" 1 => "A.R. Golshan" 2 => "M.M. Mazloomfard" 3 => "A. Mehrsai" 4 => "M.A. Zargar" 5 => "M. Ayati" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol J" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "367" "paginaFinal" => "372" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395834" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary UBC rapid and NMP22 test for bladder cancer surveillance in comparison to urinary cytology: results from a prospective single-center study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Pichler" 1 => "G. Tulchiner" 2 => "J. Fritz" 3 => "G. Schaefer" 4 => "W. Horninger" 5 => "I. Heidegger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.7150/ijms.19929" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Med Sci" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "811" "paginaFinal" => "819" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824318" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patients with a negative cystoscopy and negative Nmp22® Bladderchek® test are at low risk of missed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective evaluation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.D. Terrell" 1 => "K.J. Elias" 2 => "A.I. Sagalowsky" 3 => "Y. Lotan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1590/S1677-55382011000600004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Braz J Urol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "706" "paginaFinal" => "711" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234001" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0355" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nomograms including nuclear matrix protein 22 for prediction of disease recurrence and progression in patients with Ta T1 or CIS transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Shariat" 1 => "C. Zippe" 2 => "G. Ludecke" 3 => "H. Boman" 4 => "M. Sanchezcarbayo" 5 => "R. Casella" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000154696.48217.75" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Urol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "173" "paginaInicial" => "1518" "paginaFinal" => "1525" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821471" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0360" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of a new quantitative point-of-care test platform for urine-based detection of bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Ritter" 1 => "J. Hennenlotter" 2 => "U. Kühs" 3 => "U. Hofmann" 4 => "S. Aufderklamm" 5 => "P. Blutbacher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.09.024" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "337" "paginaFinal" => "344" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0365" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of UBC® rapid in bladder cancer: a Swedish multicentre study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Styrke" 1 => "H. Henriksson" 2 => "B. Ljungberg" 3 => "M. Hasan" 4 => "I. Silfverberg" 5 => "R. Einarsson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/21681805.2017.1313309" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "293" "paginaFinal" => "300" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28422550" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0370" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary protein biomarker panel for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.J. Rosser" 1 => "M. Chang" 2 => "Y. Dai" 3 => "S. Ross" 4 => "L. Mengual" 5 => "A. Alcaraz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0035" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "1340" "paginaFinal" => "1345" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714076" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0375" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Panel of urinary diagnostic markers for non-invasive detection of primary and recurrent urothelial urinary bladder carcinoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Soukup" 1 => "M. Kalousov" 2 => "O. Capoun" 3 => "R. Sobotka" 4 => "Z. Breyl" 5 => "M. Pel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000368166" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Int" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "95" "paginaInicial" => "56" "paginaFinal" => "64" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662337" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0380" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of a protein panel for the noninvasive detection of recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Gogalic" 1 => "U. Sauer" 2 => "S. Doppler" 3 => "A. Heinzel" 4 => "P. Perco" 5 => "A. Lukas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/1354750X" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biomarkers" "fecha" => "2017" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "8" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0168827812002723" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01688278" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0385" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development and validation of urine-based peptide biomarker panels for detecting bladder cancer in a multi-center study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Frantzi" 1 => "K.E. van Kessel" 2 => "E.C. Zwarthoff" 3 => "M. Marquez" 4 => "M. Rava" 5 => "N. Malats" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2715" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "4077" "paginaFinal" => "4086" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27026199" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0390" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stepwise application of urine markers to detect tumor recurrence in patients undergoing surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Todenhöfer" 1 => "J. Hennenlotter" 2 => "M. Esser" 3 => "S. Mohrhardt" 4 => "S. Aufderklamm" 5 => "J. Böttge" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2014/973406" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dis Markers" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "2014" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "7" ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0395" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Molecular markers for bladder cancer screening early diagnosis, and surveillance: The WHO/ICUD Consensus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.J. Schmitz-Dräger" 1 => "M. Droller" 2 => "V.B. Lokeshwar" 3 => "Y. Lotan" 4 => "M.A. Hudson" 5 => "B.W. van Rhijn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000369357" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urol Int" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "94" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "24" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25501325" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0400" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reflex immunocyt testing for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients with atypical urine cytology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.Y. Odisho" 1 => "A.B. Berry" 2 => "A.E. Ahmad" 3 => "M.R. Cooperberg" 4 => "P.R. Carroll" 5 => "B.R. Konety" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2012.04.019" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "936" "paginaFinal" => "940" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521093" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0405" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for suspicious urinary cytology in patients with bladder cancer with negative surveillance cystoscopy: reflex FISH assay for suspicious urinary cytology in patients with bladder cancer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.H. Kim" 1 => "R. Sukhu" 2 => "B.H. Cordon" 3 => "J.P. Sfakianos" 4 => "D.D. Sjoberg" 5 => "A.A. Hakimi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/bju.12516" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int" "fecha" => "2014" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28440053" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0410" "etiqueta" => "41" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 as urine biomarkers of bladder cancer recurrence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Blanca" 1 => "M.J. Requena" 2 => "J. Alvarez" 3 => "L. Cheng" 4 => "R. Montironi" 5 => "M.R. Raspollini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2217/bmm.15.120" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biomark Med" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "243" "paginaFinal" => "253" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861974" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300915/v1_201910021051/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6359" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300915/v1_201910021051/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300915?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Review article

Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. A literature review

Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura

F. Agreda Castañedaa,

Corresponding author

fagreda.germanstrias@gencat.cat

Corresponding author.

, C.X. Raventós Busquetsb,c, J. Morote Roblesb,c

a Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain

b Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

c Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Read

Times
was read the article

Total PDF

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173578619300915"
  "issn" => "21735786"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.03.014"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01"
  "aid" => "1156"
  "copyright" => "AEU"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2019"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "rev"
  "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:404-13"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0210480619300415"
      "issn" => "02104806"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2019.03.001"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01"
      "aid" => "1156"
      "copyright" => "AEU"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "rev"
      "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:404-13"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 641
        "formatos" => array:2 [
          "HTML" => 613
          "PDF" => 28
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo de revisi&#243;n</span>"
        "titulo" => "Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no m&#250;sculo infiltrante&#46; Revisi&#243;n de la literatura"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "404"
            "paginaFinal" => "413"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer&#46; A literature review"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0010"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 2604
                "Ancho" => 2917
                "Tamanyo" => 582494
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluaci&#243;n de los estudios incluidos usando la herramienta QUADAS-2&#46; A&#41; Resumen de riesgo de sesgos&#58; evaluaci&#243;n de cada tipo de sesgo en cada estudio incluido&#46; B&#41; Gr&#225;fico de riesgo de sesgos&#58; resume la evaluaci&#243;n de cada tipo de sesgo como porcentajes del total de estudios&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "F&#46; Agreda Casta&#241;eda, C&#46;X&#46; Ravent&#243;s Busquets, J&#46; Morote Robles"
            "autores" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "F&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Agreda Casta&#241;eda"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "C&#46;X&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Ravent&#243;s Busquets"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Morote Robles"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173578619300915"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.03.014"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300915?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480619300415?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02104806/0000004300000008/v1_201910021034/S0210480619300415/v1_201910021034/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173578619300939"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.03.015"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01"
    "aid" => "1159"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:414-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Positive margins after partial nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma&#58; Oncological outcomes of conservative management after long-term follow-up"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "414"
          "paginaFinal" => "418"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "M&#225;rgenes positivos tras nefrectom&#237;a parcial en carcinoma de c&#233;lulas renales&#58; seguimiento a largo plazo y resultados oncol&#243;gicos con manejo conservador"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1202
              "Ancho" => 1536
              "Tamanyo" => 65765
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Disease-free survival calculated at 5 years&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;J&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Concha Schwalb, J&#46;I&#46; P&#233;rez Reggeti, M&#46;A&#46; L&#243;pez Costea, X&#46; Bonet Punt&#237;, H&#46; Ramos Reina, F&#46; Vigu&#233;s Julia"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez-Concha Schwalb"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez Reggeti"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez Costea"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "X&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Bonet Punt&#237;"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "H&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ramos Reina"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vigu&#233;s Julia"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480619300452"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2019.03.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480619300452?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300939?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300939/v1_201910021051/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173578619300885"
    "issn" => "21735786"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2019.07.005"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-10-01"
    "aid" => "1173"
    "copyright" => "AEU"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2019;43:397-403"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1
      "HTML" => 1
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Precise characterization of urinary tract innervation using three-dimensional reconstruction&#58; A contemporary review"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "397"
          "paginaFinal" => "403"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Caracterizaci&#243;n precisa de la inervaci&#243;n del tracto urinario mediante reconstrucci&#243;n tridimensional&#58; una revisi&#243;n contempor&#225;nea"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1979
              "Ancho" => 2497
              "Tamanyo" => 442947
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopic innervation of the genitourinary tract&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "F&#46;A&#46; Jefferson, Z&#46; Okhunov, D&#46; Veneziano, J&#46;G&#46; Rivas, A&#46;D&#46; Meneses, G&#46;E&#46; Cacciamani, M&#46;R&#46; Socarras, J&#46; Wikenhiezer, J&#46; Landman"
          "autores" => array:9 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Jefferson"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Z&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Okhunov"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Veneziano"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rivas"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Meneses"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G&#46;E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cacciamani"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Socarras"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Wikenhiezer"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Landman"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0210480619300749"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2019.03.008"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480619300749?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300885?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300885/v1_201910021051/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer&#46; A literature review"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "404"
        "paginaFinal" => "413"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "F&#46; Agreda Casta&#241;eda, C&#46;X&#46; Ravent&#243;s Busquets, J&#46; Morote Robles"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "F&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Agreda Casta&#241;eda"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "fagreda.germanstrias@gencat.cat"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;X&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ravent&#243;s Busquets"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Morote Robles"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Vall d&#8217;Hebron&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universitat Aut&#243;noma de Barcelona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no m&#250;sculo infiltrante&#46; Revisi&#243;n de la literatura"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2604
            "Ancho" => 2917
            "Tamanyo" => 551928
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of the included studies using the QUADAS-2 tool&#46; &#40;A&#41; Risk of bias summary&#58; evaluation of each type of bias in every included study&#46; &#40;B&#41; Risk of bias graph summarizing the evaluation of each type of bias as percentages of the total number of studies&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With a fluctuating worldwide incidence&#44; bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> With 41&#46;5 male and 4&#46;8 female cases&#44; Spain has the highest age-adjusted incidence in Europe&#44; while Finland has the lowest&#44; with 18&#46;1 in men and 4&#46;3 in women&#46; 12&#44;000 new cases are diagnosed annually in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Approximately 75&#37; of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive &#40;NMIBC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> NMIBC is characterized by its high recurrence rate and the risk of progression to muscle-invasive disease&#46; For these reasons&#44; a long-term follow-up is recommended&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cystoscopy is the reference test in the surveillance of NMIBC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Urine cytology and bladder washing are also performed for its diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Cytology has high sensitivity for high-grade tumors and carcinoma in situ&#44; but it is deficient for low-grade tumors&#44; ranging from 4&#37; to 31&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numerous urinary markers have been described for the non-invasive detection of NMIBC recurrence&#46; Although some have been approved by international agencies&#44; their use has not been consolidated in clinical practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This is basically due to the lack of coherence between clinical trials and reality&#46; Most study cohorts have been artificially established&#44; data of diagnosis of initial tumors and recurrences are mistakenly arranged&#44; and they do not clearly specify the grade of NMIBC that is being evaluated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> On many occasions&#44; the prevalence in these artificial cohorts is higher than the real one&#46; As a consequence&#44; the diagnostic accuracy reported in these artificial cohorts cannot be extrapolated to real populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In order to demonstrate the usefulness of an assay&#44; it must be evaluated in real populations&#44; with similar prevalence to those of clinical practice&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this review is to analyze the efficacy of urinary markers&#46; We have selected studies which have been performed exclusively on patients under surveillance for NMIBC&#44; in order to compare them with the traditional methods &#40;cystoscopy and urinary cytology&#41;&#46; From a practical point of view&#44; we intend to evaluate if the number of cystoscopies performed during the follow-up period of NMIBC can be reduced&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Evidence acquisition</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On August 1&#44; 2018&#44; two physicians conducted a literature search on Medline &#40;<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ncbi&#46;nlm&#46;nih&#46;gov</a>&#41;&#44; Embase &#40;<a href="http://www.embase.com/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;embase&#46;com</a>&#41; and Cochrane &#40;<a href="http://www.cochrane.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cochrane&#46;org</a>&#41;&#44; circumscribed to the last 10 years&#44; English or Spanish&#44; using the terms&#58; bladder cancer&#44; recurrence&#44; detection and urine marker&#46; 973 records were obtained and&#44; following the criteria Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes &#40;PRISMA&#41;&#44; 27 studies were finally identified&#46; The selection criteria were&#58; comparative analysis between a urinary marker and cystoscopy and cytology specifically in the surveillance of patients with NMIBC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Quality assessment of the selected studies</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows the results after the application of the QUADAS-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> tool&#46; The most frequently recorded bias is not to specify the positivity of the trial in the methodology&#46; Despite this&#44; most of the articles included in the review meet most of the QUADAS-2 criteria&#44; suggesting its moderate-high quality&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Evidence synthesis</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To simplify the analysis&#44; we have divided the markers into 3 groups and described them according to the number of studies that evaluate them&#44; arranging them from those present in more literature to those in less&#58; transcription factors&#44; protein markers and cellular assays&#46; In addition&#44; we independently analyzed the anticipated diagnosis&#44; as it has been evaluated in some of the reviewed publications&#46;</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Transcription factor assays</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This group includes tests that detect DNA or RNA &#40;microRNA&#44; messenger RNA&#41; in acellular urine or in the pellet of cells exfoliated from the urinary tract&#46; Messenger RNAs &#40;mRNA&#41; are double strands of coding RNA found in the cytoplasm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Its expression is used to identify and quantify mutated genes associated with BC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor &#40;FGFR3&#41; are associated with NMIBC in up to 70&#37; and with low-grade recurrence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Allory et al&#46; demonstrated a high prevalence of mutations of the TERT promoter gene &#40;telomerase reverse transcriptase&#41; in an 80&#37; of patients with BC&#46; The sensitivity to recurrence was only 42&#37; increasing to 50&#37; when combining TERT mRNA and FGFR3 mRNA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Kavalieris and Lotan&#44; evaluated the CxBladder<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> trial&#46; This assay quantitatively detects the mRNA expression of CXCR2&#44; HOXA13&#44; MDK&#44; IGFBP5 and CDK1&#44; as well as including in its algorithm whether it is a primary or recurrent BC and the time until recurrence&#46; The sensitivity was greater than 90&#37;&#44; and the negative predictive value &#40;NPV&#41; exceeded 95&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> Pichler et al&#46; evaluated the Xpert<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Bladder Cancer monitor&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> This test detects the mRNA expression of ABL1&#44; CRH&#44; IGF2&#44; UPK1B and ANXA10 and can be performed as an automated analyzer at consultation &#40;POC&#58; point of care&#41;&#44; obtaining results in less than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; The sensitivity of the test was 84&#37; and its NPV was 93&#37;&#46; Nowadays&#44; there are no other publications that validate these results&#46; MicroRNAs &#40;miRNA&#41; are single strands of RNA&#44; less than 22 nucleotides&#44; non-coding&#44; that regulate the expression of mRNA&#46; Sapre et al&#46; have reported a panel with 6 miRNAs&#58; miR16&#44; miR200c&#44; miR205&#44; miR21&#44; miR221 and miR34a&#44; and have observed a sensitivity and specificity of 88&#37; and 48&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; and a NPV of 75&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the characteristics and results of the RNA-based studies&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microsatellites &#40;MS&#41; are highly polymorphic regions of DNA&#44; an integral part of neoplastic progression&#44; which can be used as clonal markers of BC&#46; The study of MS has provided information regarding the association between loss of heterozygosity &#40;LOH&#41; and BC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Van der Aa et al&#46; evaluated the detection of the FGFR3 mutation and of LOH zones in MS of 10 chromosomes&#44; observing a sensitivity of 58&#37; and a NPV of 94&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Regarding patients with the FGFR3 mutation&#44; Zuiverloon et al&#46; observed that the reappearance of the mutated gene in exfoliated urinary cells during surveillance implied a risk of recurrence of 81&#37;&#44; with a NPV of 94&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Subsequently&#44; they evaluated the mutations &#40;FGFR3&#44; PIK3CA and RAS&#41;&#44; MS analysis and DNA methylation in patients with low-grade BC and observed that the evaluation of the three mutations does not improve the detection of recurrence&#44; and that the best combination was FGFR3 and MS analysis&#44; obtaining a sensitivity of 82&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Couffignal et al&#46; detected the FGFR3 mutation in 39&#37; of primary BC cases&#46; Detection of the mutation during surveillance had a sensitivity of 73&#37; and a NPV of 94&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DNA methylations are epigenetic&#44; stable changes that are associated with the development of neoplasms through the inactivation of suppressor genes and&#47;or overexpression of oncogenes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> The detection of these methylations has been studied extensively as biomarkers of NMIBC&#44; in exclusive panels of methylation or combined with other assays&#46; Kandimalla et al&#46; combined the detection of FGFR3 and three methylations &#40;OTX1&#44; ONECUT2 and OSR1&#41; and without considering the status of FGFR3&#44; observed an overall sensitivity and NPV of 79&#37; and 76&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The sensitivity for high-grade BC was 80&#37; and 73&#37; for low-grade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Reinert et al&#46; controlled the reappearance of methylated genes when initial BC methylation was determined&#46; They analyzed the state of 6 methylations &#40;EOMES&#44; HOXA9&#44; POU4F2&#44; TWIST1&#44; VIM and ZNF154&#41;&#46; During follow-up&#44; they reached a sensitivity that ranged between 87 and 93&#37; in the detection of recurrence&#46; However&#44; they did not show advantages of the methylation combination&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Roperch et al&#46; also evaluated the status of FGFR3 and 18 methylations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> In their analysis&#44; the best combination associated 3 methylations &#40;HS3ST2&#44; SLIT2 and SEPTIN9&#41; with an overall sensitivity for recurrence of 90&#37;&#46; Zuiverloon et al&#46; evaluated a panel of 23 methylations without determining their status on the initial BC&#46; The best combination was obtained with APCa&#44; TERTa&#44; TERTb and EDNRB methylations&#44; reaching a sensitivity of 72&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Su et al&#46; observed a sensitivity of 86&#37; and a specificity of 89&#37; with a panel of 3 methylations &#40;SOX1&#44; IRAK3 and L1-MET&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In a multicenter study including more than 450 samples&#44; van der Heijden et al&#46; observed a sensitivity of 89&#46;6&#37; and a NPV of 82&#46;86&#37; with the detection of 3 methylated genes &#40;CFTR&#44; SALL3 and TWIST1&#41;&#46; They also estimated that&#44; by adjusting the prevalence of recurrence to routine clinical practice&#44; their methylation panel could achieve a NPV of 99&#37;&#46; Thus&#44; more than 35&#37; of cystoscopies could be avoided during the follow-up of NMIBC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> In a European multi-institutional study&#44; Witjes et al&#46; used the Bladder EpiCheck<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; an assay that evaluates 15 methylations in more than 350 samples during the first year of surveillance&#46; They observed a sensitivity and an overall NPV of 68&#37; and 95&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; They also estimated that the NPV rises to 99&#46;3&#37; when excluding low-grade pTa&#44; which would rule out high-grade recurrence and reduce the number of surveillance cystoscopies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> summarizes the studies with DNA&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Protein markers</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quantification of proteins in urine is simple and is usually measured by immunoassays&#46; Recently&#44; automated testing allows their determination at the point of care &#40;POC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Currently it is also possible to determine protein panels&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are two assay formats to determine NMP22 &#40;nuclear matrix protein 22&#41;&#46; The NMP22 Bladder ELISA test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; &#40;a quantitative and laboratory-based assay&#41; and the NMP22 BladderChek<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; a qualitative POC assay&#41;&#46; In the quantitative assay&#44; the usual cut-off point was 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;mL&#44; although some authors have adjusted it according to their results&#46; In the qualitative test the &#8220;positive&#8221; is obtained with a result of 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;mL or more&#46; The detection of NMP22 in urine for the diagnosis of BC has been approved by the FDA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Horstmann et al&#46; obtained a sensitivity of 68&#37; and a NPV of 60&#37; with the quantitative ELISA test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> The sensitivity was 80&#37; in high-grade BC&#46; Using the POC trial&#44; Hosseini et al&#46; obtained a sensitivity of 78&#46;8&#37; and a NPV of 85&#46;3&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Pichler et al&#46; observed a sensitivity of 12&#46;9&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> with this assay&#46; On the other hand&#44; one group proposes the use of BladderChek<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; replacing cytology in the surveillance of NMIBC&#44; based on its lower cost&#44; its immediate results&#44; and a NPV of 90&#46;5&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> In their analysis of more than 2000 samples and using a decision algorithm&#44; Shariat et al&#46;&#44; demonstrated that the use of the NMP22 Bladder ELISA test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> could reduce 23&#37; of the cystoscopies performed during the surveillance of NMIBC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Urinary Bladder Cancer &#40;UBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; assay measures the presence of CK 8 and 18 in urine&#46; It can be performed quantitatively with ELISA&#44; qualitatively and POC &#40;UBC STAT<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; and quantitative and POC&#44; by means of a spectrophotometric reader&#44; called UBC rapid POC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Three publications that used the UBC rapid POC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> obtained an overall sensitivity that ranged between 54&#37; and 64&#37;&#46; The best reported NPV was 70&#46;5&#37; and the highest sensitivity for detecting high-grade BC was 79&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;31&#44;32</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The simultaneous determination of several proteins aims to increase the overall diagnostic accuracy&#59; results have been published with different combinations of urinary proteins&#46; Rosser et al&#46; analyzed a panel of 10 proteins observing a global sensitivity of 79&#37; and 65&#37; in high-grade BC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> After evaluating 27 urinary proteins&#44; Soukup et al&#46; determined a sensitivity of 92&#37; with the use of urinary cytology and 2 proteins&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> Another group used a panel of 5 proteins in addition to other clinical parameters &#40;number of recurrences&#44; tumor stage and history of instillations with BCG&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Peptide tests &#40;protein fragments such as hemoglobin&#44; collagen&#44; apolipoprotein A&#44; etc&#46;&#41; have also been used&#46; Frantzi et al&#46; observed a sensitivity of 88&#37; with the performance of mass spectrometry to quantify 106 peptides&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> summarizes the studies with urinary proteins&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Cellular assays</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We include two essays in this section&#59; UroVysion FISH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Vysis&#44; Laboratorios Abbott&#44; Des Plaines&#44; USA&#41; and uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Scimedx Inc&#46;&#44; Denville&#44; USA&#41;&#46; UroVysion FISH<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;fluorescent in situ hybridization&#41; contains probes that hybridize to the centromeric regions of chromosomes 3&#44; 7 and 17 and a single-sequence probe that hybridizes to the p16 gene in 9p21&#46; The diagnosis requires the visualization of at least 25 morphologically anomalous cells&#59; detection of 4 or more cells with excess of 2 or more chromosomes 3&#44; 7 or 17 in the same cell or at least 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cells with deletion of the p16 gene&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> The interpretation of this assay requires trained and experienced staff&#46; A 10&#37; of non-evaluable cases has been reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> contains fluorescent antibodies against mucin glycoproteins and carcinoembryonic antigen&#46; After evaluating at least 500 nuclei&#44; the detection of more than one positive cell is considered pathological&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Todenh&#246;fer et al&#46; applied UroVysion<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and NMP22 to more than 400 samples of patients under surveillance by NMIBC&#46; They showed that the measurement of 2 of these markers can provide a NPV of 99&#46;1&#37; in high-grade BC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> &#8220;Reflexed&#8221; tests refer to secondary tests &#40;UroVysion<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> o uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; when the result of the initial test is suspicious &#40;suspicious cytology&#41;&#46; Odisho et al&#46; used uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> as reflexed test of cytology in more than 300 samples and obtained sensitivity of 72&#46;9&#37; and NPV of 80&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> summarizes the studies with cellular assays&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Anticipatory diagnosis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The anticipatory detection of recurrence of NMIBC occurs when a urine test is positive prior to diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> According to the European and American guidelines&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> the period of time between the positive test and the BC diagnosis should last less than one year&#46; Four groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;18</span></a> determined the presence of the FGFR3 mutation and demonstrated that more than 80&#37; of patients with the mutation will present recurrence between the months 12 and 24&#46; Two other groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;23</span></a> that evaluated the appearance of 9 methylations&#44; demonstrated that a 68&#8211;80&#37; of patients have recurrence at 24 months&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> summarizes the markers that report anticipatory detection&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">NMIBC surveillance is the clinical scenario of greatest interest for a urinary biomarker&#46; Surprisingly&#44; we have identified few studies that specifically analyze this cohort of patients&#46; Most publications report &#8220;artificial&#8221; populations that include patients with BC at the time of diagnosis&#44; high and low grade NMIBC recurrences&#44; and rates&#47;percentages that do not reflect the clinical reality of NMIBC surveillance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In order to determine the usefulness of a marker in the surveillance of the NMIBC&#44; we have only analyzed the publications that describe results regarding only this population&#46; We have also evaluated the aspects that could improve the surveillance protocol of this disease&#44; with a more adequate number and frequency of cystoscopies performed&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the genetic assays that evaluate RNA&#44; we have found two &#40;CxBladder<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and XpertBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; that could improve the surveillance of NMIBC&#46; With a NPV over 96&#37;&#44; CxBladder<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> is a promising test that could reduce the large number of cystoscopy performances&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> XpertBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> has the advantage of being performed at the point of care&#44; and&#44; in a cohort with a recurrence rate of 30&#37;&#44; showed a NPV of 93&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Despite the good results observed with these two trials in the surveillance of NMIBC&#44; studies comparing different surveillance protocols have not been designed&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the trials that evaluate DNA&#44; five report NPV exceeding 80&#37;&#44; which would reduce the number of cystoscopy performances in the surveillance of NMIBC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Two of these &#40;five&#41; publications compare surveillance protocols and estimate a reduction in the number of cystoscopies performed&#46; Van der Heijden et al&#46; have estimated a cystoscopy reduction of 35&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> With Bladder EpiCheck<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Witjes et al&#46; have observed a NPV of 99&#46;1&#37; when considering only high-grade recurrences and estimate a significant reduction of the cystoscopies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The other three publications that evaluate DNA assays do not make comparisons among the surveillance protocols&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quantification of proteins in urine by immunoassays has been carried out for more than 30 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Markers based on the quantification of NMP22 and cytokeratins 8 and 18 &#40;UBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; have been widely studied with heterogeneous results&#46; This is why these are not recommended by clinical practice guidelines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28&#44;31</span></a> With the improvement in protein quantification techniques&#44; the current trend is to analyze protein panels&#46; Among the reviewed publications&#44; few report NPV&#44; which does not allow for an estimated reduction of cystoscopies during surveillance of NMIBC &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; A crucial advantage of immunoassays is their performance at the point of care &#40;UBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and NMP22&#41;&#59; this characteristic is very useful for clinicians&#46; Two studies that evaluated proteins suggest that the surveillance protocol for NMIBC could be improved&#46; Terrell et al&#46; demonstrated that urinary cytology can be avoided with the use of BladderChek<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;NMP22 at the point of care&#41;&#44; estimating that this would reduce costs and time during surveillance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Shariat et al&#46; suggest that with the application of NMP22 Bladder ELISA test<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; cystoscopies could be reduced by 23&#37; in the surveillance of NMIBC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cell-based tests require trained personnel and more time to perform them&#44; and often provide inconclusive results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> These reasons have led to limit its application to &#8220;reflexed&#8221; tests of conventional urinary cytology &#40;when cytology is suspicious&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#44;40</span></a> Although the reviewed publications report a NPV higher than 80&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#44; the complexity of their interpretation discards them as an option to simplify and improve the surveillance protocol of NMIBC&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The anticipatory detection of recurrence of NMIBC was initially described in cellular trials&#44; however&#44; these results were heterogeneous&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> The introduction of genetic assays has attempted to quantify alterations &#40;methylations&#44; DNA mutations&#41; that precede the appearance of tumor recurrence&#46; Some studies show that mutations and methylations do not provide clear information regarding the time of recurrence and show that&#44; in some cases&#44; methylation and mutations do not imply tumor recurrence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The analyzed studies report rates of up to 85&#37; of anticipated detections&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Some studies describe recurrences at 24 months&#44; which may not be associated with the genetic alteration presented in the studies&#44; but to the natural history of the disease&#46; In any case&#44; the analysis of mutations&#44; methylations&#44; and chromosomal alterations allows to determine a risk group in order to provide it with a more adequate surveillance by adjusting the frequency of cystoscopies&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This review does not include markers for which there are no publications written in the last decade&#44; and the main limitation to establish the evidence synthesis is the scarce number of well-designed studies specifically on the surveillance of NMIBC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusions</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last decade&#44; a large number of markers have been analyzed aiming to improve the surveillance of NMIBC&#46; Transcription factors&#44; protein and cell-based trials have been performed&#46; Even when some of these have shown great diagnostic accuracy&#44; only few have been able to improve the surveillance protocol of NMIBC&#46; Future studies should be carried out&#44; not only to prove the diagnostic precision of the trial&#44; but to really improve the surveillance protocol of NMIBC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1251572"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Background"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Evidence acquisition"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160293"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1251571"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Contexto"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Adquisici&#243;n de la evidencia"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0045"
              "titulo" => "S&#237;ntesis de la evidencia"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0050"
              "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160292"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Evidence acquisition"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Quality assessment of the selected studies"
        ]
        7 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Transcription factor assays"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Protein markers"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Cellular assays"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Anticipatory diagnosis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-01-16"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2019-03-04"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160293"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Bladder cancer"
            1 => "Biomarker"
            2 => "Surveillance"
            3 => "Urine"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1160292"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "C&#225;ncer vesical"
            1 => "Biomarcador"
            2 => "Vigilancia"
            3 => "Orina"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer &#40;NMIBC&#41; is usually performed by cystoscopy and cytology&#46; Until today&#44; no effective urinary biomarker has been used to reduce the morbidity and cost associated with these procedures&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe the performance of urinary biomarkers in the surveillance of NMIBC&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Evidence acquisition</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">On August 1&#44; 2018&#44; a bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed&#44; Embase and Cochrane Library&#44; limited to the last 10 years&#44; with the terms&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bladder cancer&#44; recurrence&#44; detection</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">urine marker&#46;</span> 973 registers were obtained&#44; and 27 publications were selected following the PRISMA recommendations&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Evidence synthesis</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The negative predictive values &#40;NPV&#41; of several assays could reduce the number of cystoscopies in NMIBC surveillance&#46; Six transcription-factor trials had an NPV rate greater than 90&#37;&#44; and one of them can be performed at the control point&#46; Six transcription-factors evaluations describe anticipated diagnosis between 68&#37; and 83&#37; of their &#8220;false positives&#8221;&#46; Two transcription factors and one protein assays proved reduction between 23&#37; and 35&#37; of surveillance cystoscopies&#46; Nowadays&#44; cell-based assays are restricted to reflex test after doubtful cytologies&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There are few studies analysing the improvement of the NMIBC surveillance protocols&#46; Several transcription factor assays are more precise and allow anticipatory diagnosis&#46; Currently&#44; there are no comparative studies between alternative surveillance protocols and classic ones&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Evidence acquisition"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Contexto</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La vigilancia del tumor vesical no m&#250;sculo infiltrante &#40;TVNMI&#41; se realiza habitualmente mediante cistoscopia y citolog&#237;as urinarias seriadas&#46; Hoy&#44; no se utiliza ning&#250;n marcador urinario&#44; suficientemente eficaz&#44; para reducir la morbilidad y coste de este seguimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir el rendimiento de los marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del TVNMI&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Adquisici&#243;n de la evidencia</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 1 de agosto de 2018 se realiz&#243; b&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica en Pubmed&#44; Embase y librer&#237;a Cochrane&#44; acotada a los &#250;ltimos 10 a&#241;os&#44; con los t&#233;rminos&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bladder cancer&#44; recurrence&#44; detection</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">urine marker&#46;</span> Se obtuvieron 973 registros y siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA se seleccionaron 27 publicaciones&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">S&#237;ntesis de la evidencia</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los valores predictivos negativos de varios ensayos permitir&#237;an reducir el n&#250;mero de cistoscopias en la vigilancia del TVNMI&#46; Seis ensayos de factores de transcripci&#243;n tuvieron un valor predictivo negativo superior al 90&#37; y uno de ellos se puede realizar en el punto de control&#46; Seis ensayos de factores de transcripci&#243;n describen diagn&#243;stico anticipado entre el 68&#37; y 83&#37; de sus &#171;falsos positivos&#187;&#46; Dos ensayos de factores de transcripci&#243;n y uno de prote&#237;nas demuestran reducir entre el 23&#37; y el 35&#37; de las cistoscopias de vigilancia&#46; Los ensayos celulares se restringen a pruebas reflejo ante citolog&#237;as urinarias dudosas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existen pocas publicaciones que permitan analizar la mejor&#237;a del protocolo de vigilancia del TVNMI&#46; Los ensayos de factores de transcripci&#243;n tienen la mejor precisi&#243;n diagn&#243;stica y algunos permiten diagn&#243;stico anticipado&#46; Hoy en d&#237;a no hay an&#225;lisis que comparen entre protocolos alternativos de vigilancia y el convencional&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Contexto"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Adquisici&#243;n de la evidencia"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "S&#237;ntesis de la evidencia"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0100">Please cite this article as&#58; Agreda Casta&#241;eda F&#44; Ravent&#243;s Busquets CX&#44; Morote Robles J&#46; Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no m&#250;sculo infiltrante&#46; Revisi&#243;n de la literatura&#46; Actas Urol Esp&#46; 2019&#59;43&#58;404&#8211;413&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1770
            "Ancho" => 2333
            "Tamanyo" => 253312
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of the identified&#44; reviewed and included studies&#44; according to PRISMA&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2604
            "Ancho" => 2917
            "Tamanyo" => 551928
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of the included studies using the QUADAS-2 tool&#46; &#40;A&#41; Risk of bias summary&#58; evaluation of each type of bias in every included study&#46; &#40;B&#41; Risk of bias graph summarizing the evaluation of each type of bias as percentages of the total number of studies&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Allory et al&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TERTp<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FGFR3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">109&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sapre et al&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">miR16&#44; miR200c&#44; miR205&#44; miR21&#44; miR221 and miR34a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kavalieris et al&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CXCR2&#44; HOXA13&#44; MDK&#44; IGFBP5 and CDK1 &#40;CxBladder<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">607&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lotan et al&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CXCR2&#44; HOXA13&#44; MDK&#44; IGFBP5 and CDK1 &#40;CxBladder<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">597&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pichler et al&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ABL1&#44; CRH&#44; IGF2&#44; UPK1B and ANXA10 &#40;XpertBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2141140.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Negative predictive value&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">High grade&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Not specified&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Approved for commercial use&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of studies with RNA&#46; Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Van der Aa et al&#46;&#44; 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">731&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al&#46;&#44; 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kandimalla et al&#46;&#44; 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3methylations &#40;OTX1&#44; ONECUT2 and OSR1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al&#46;&#44; 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 methylations &#40;APCa&#44; TERTa&#44; TERTb and EDNRB&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reinert et al&#46;&#44; 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 methylations &#40;EOMES&#44; HOXA9&#44; POU4F2&#44; TWIST1&#44; VIM and ZNF154&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#8211;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#8211;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#8211;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al&#46;&#44; 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Su et al&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 methylations &#40;SOX1&#44; IRAK3 and L1-MET&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Couffignal et al&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Roperch et al&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 methylations &#40;HS3ST2&#44; SLIT2 and SEPTIN9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Van der Heijden et al&#46;&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 methylations &#40;CFTR&#44; SALL3 and TWIST1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">173&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">285&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Witjes et al&#46;&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bladder EpiCheck<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;15 methylations&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">309&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">95&#46;1&#8211;99&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2141138.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:5 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Negative predictive value&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">High grade&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Microsatellite&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0040"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Not specified&#46;</p>"
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0045"
              "etiqueta" => "e"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">Approved for commercial use&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of studies with DNA&#46; Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Horstmann et al&#46;&#44; 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NMP22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hosseini et al&#46;&#44; 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NMP22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ritter et al&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">UBC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rosser et al&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 proteins &#40;IL8&#44; MMP9&#44; MMP10&#44; SERPINA1&#44; VEGFA&#44; ANG&#44; CA9&#44; APOE&#44; SERPINE1 and SDC1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Soukup et al&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Midkine and Synuclein G &#40;and cytology&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Blanca et al&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cyclin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">219&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Frantzi et al&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106 peptides&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pichler et al&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NMP22<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">UBC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Styrke et al&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">UBC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2141141.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0050"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">Negative predictive value&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0055"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0055">High grade&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0060"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0060">Not specified&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0065"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0065">Approved for commercial use&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of studies with protein markers&#46; Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Technique&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients without recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Specificity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity in HG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Todenh&#246;fer et al&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">UroVysion<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a> and uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;4</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">128&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">355&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#8211;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">89&#8211;99&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Odisho et al&#46;&#44; 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">uCyt&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;reflexed&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">306&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2141137.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0070"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0070">Negative predictive value&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0075"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0075">High grade&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0080"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0080">Not specified&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0085"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0085">Approved for commercial use&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of studies with cellular assays&#46; Patients and measures of diagnostic accuracy are shown&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at5"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Biomarker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow-up time &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#8220;False positives&#8221; rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage of false positives with recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Van der Aa et al&#46;&#44; 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">198&#47;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al&#46;&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reinert et al&#46;&#44; 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 methylations &#40;EOMES&#44; HOXA9&#44; POU4F2&#44; TWIST1&#44; VIM and ZNF154&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#47;37&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Zuiverloon et al&#46;&#44; 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Su et al&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 methylations &#40;SOX1&#44; IRAK3 and L1&#8212;MET&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#47;17&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Couffignal et al&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FGFR3 mutation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#47;18&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2141139.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0090"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0090">Microsatellites&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0095"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0095">Not specified&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of studies that report markers for early detection&#46; Maximum follow-up time&#44; &#8220;false positive&#8221; rates and recurrence percentages are shown&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:41 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bladder cancer in Spain 2011&#58; population based study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Mi&#241;ana"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; C&#243;zar"
                            2 => "J&#46; Palou"
                            3 => "M&#46; Unda Urzaiz"
                            4 => "R&#46;A&#46; Medina-Lopez"
                            5 => "J&#46; Subir&#225; R&#237;os"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2013.08.049"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "191"
                        "paginaInicial" => "323"
                        "paginaFinal" => "328"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994371"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder&#58; update 2013"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Babjuk"
                            1 => "M&#46; Burger"
                            2 => "R&#46; Zigeuner"
                            3 => "S&#46;F&#46; Shariat"
                            4 => "B&#46;W&#46;G&#46; van Rhijn"
                            5 => "E&#46; Comp&#233;rat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.003"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "paginaInicial" => "639"
                        "paginaFinal" => "653"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827737"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673610602747"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review of the diagnostic and prognostic value of urinary protein biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; D&#8217;Costa"
                            1 => "J&#46;C&#46; Goldsmith"
                            2 => "J&#46;S&#46; Wilson"
                            3 => "R&#46;T&#46; Bryan"
                            4 => "D&#46;G&#46; Ward"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3233/BLC-160054"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bladder Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "301"
                        "paginaFinal" => "317"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500198"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prospective analysis of sensitivity and specificity of urinary cytology and other urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46;A&#46; Yafi"
                            1 => "F&#46; Brimo"
                            2 => "J&#46; Steinberg"
                            3 => "A&#46;G&#46; Aprikian"
                            4 => "S&#46; Tanguay"
                            5 => "W&#46; Kassouf"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.06.008"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240760"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "EAU Guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder&#58; update 2016"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Babjuk"
                            1 => "A&#46; B&#246;hle"
                            2 => "M&#46; Burger"
                            3 => "O&#46; Capoun"
                            4 => "D&#46; Cohen"
                            5 => "E&#46;M&#46; Comp&#233;rat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.041"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "71"
                        "paginaInicial" => "447"
                        "paginaFinal" => "461"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324428"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A 3-plex methylation assay combined with the FGFR3 mutation assay sensitively detects recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Kandimalla"
                            1 => "R&#46; Masius"
                            2 => "W&#46; Beukers"
                            3 => "C&#46;H&#46; Bangma"
                            4 => "T&#46;F&#46; Orntoft"
                            5 => "L&#46; Dyrskjot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3276"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4760"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4769"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842048"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S014067360209712X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urine markers for bladder cancer surveillance&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "B&#46;W&#46;G&#46; Van Rhijn"
                            1 => "H&#46;G&#46; van der Poel"
                            2 => "T&#46;H&#46; van der Kwast"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2005.03.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "736"
                        "paginaFinal" => "748"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15925067"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "ADAS-2&#58; a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;F&#46; Whiting"
                            1 => "A&#46;W&#46; Rutjes"
                            2 => "M&#46;E&#46; Westwood"
                            3 => "S&#46; Mallett"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; Deeks"
                            5 => "J&#46;B&#46; Reitsma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "155"
                        "paginaInicial" => "529"
                        "paginaFinal" => "536"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22007046"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A urinary microRNA signature can predict the presence of bladder urothelial carcinoma in patients undergoing surveillance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Sapre"
                            1 => "G&#46; Macintyre"
                            2 => "M&#46; Clarkson"
                            3 => "H&#46; Naeem"
                            4 => "M&#46; Cmero"
                            5 => "A&#46; Kowalczyk"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/bjc.2015.472"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "454"
                        "paginaFinal" => "462"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812572"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detection of multiple mutations in urinary exfoliated cells from male bladder cancer patients at diagnosis and during follow-up"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Critelli"
                            1 => "F&#46; Fasanelli"
                            2 => "M&#46; Oderda"
                            3 => "S&#46; Polidoro"
                            4 => "M&#46;B&#46; Assumma"
                            5 => "C&#46; Viberti"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.18632/oncotarget.11883"
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Oncotarget"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27835610"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in bladder cancer&#58; high frequency across stages detection in urine&#44; and lack of association with outcome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Allory"
                            1 => "W&#46; Beukers"
                            2 => "A&#46; Sagrera"
                            3 => "M&#46; Fl&#225;ndez"
                            4 => "M&#46; Marqu&#233;s"
                            5 => "M&#46; M&#225;rquez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.052"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "360"
                        "paginaFinal" => "366"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018021"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Performance characteristics of a multigene urine biomarker test for monitoring for recurrent urothelial carcinoma in a multicenter study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Kavalieris"
                            1 => "P&#46; O&#39;Sullivan"
                            2 => "C&#46; Frampton"
                            3 => "P&#46; Guilford"
                            4 => "D&#46; Darling"
                            5 => "E&#46; Jacobson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2016.12.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "197"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1419"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1426"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986532"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical comparison of noninvasive urine test for ruling out recurrent urothelial carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Lotan"
                            1 => "P&#46; O&#39;Sullivan"
                            2 => "J&#46;D&#46; Raman"
                            3 => "S&#46;F&#46; Shariat"
                            4 => "L&#46; Kavalieris"
                            5 => "C&#46; Frampton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.03.008"
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "531"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Increased accuracy of a novel mRNA-based urine test for bladder cancer surveillance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Pichler"
                            1 => "J&#46; Fritz"
                            2 => "G&#46; Tulchiner"
                            3 => "G&#46; Klinglmair"
                            4 => "A&#46; Soleiman"
                            5 => "W&#46; Horninger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/bju.14019"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "37"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28941000"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Microsatellite analysis of voided-urine samples for surveillance of low-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma&#58; feasibility and clinical utility in a prospective multicenter study &#40;Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up of Urinary Bladder Cancer Trial &#91;CEFUB&#93;&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;N&#46;M&#46; Van der Aa"
                            1 => "E&#46;C&#46; Zwarthoff"
                            2 => "E&#46;W&#46; Steyerberg"
                            3 => "M&#46;W&#46; Boogaard"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Nijsen"
                            5 => "K&#46;A&#46; van der Keur"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2008.05.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "659"
                        "paginaFinal" => "668"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18501499"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation analysis on voided urine for surveillance of patients with low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46;M&#46; Zuiverloon"
                            1 => "M&#46;N&#46;M&#46; van der Aa"
                            2 => "T&#46;H&#46; van der Kwast"
                            3 => "E&#46;W&#46; Steyerberg"
                            4 => "H&#46;F&#46; Lingsma"
                            5 => "C&#46;H&#46; Bangma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3011"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3018"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20404005"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Combinations of urinary biomarkers for surveillance of patients with incident nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer&#58; The European FP7 UROMOL Project"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46;M&#46; Zuiverloon"
                            1 => "W&#46; Beukers"
                            2 => "K&#46;A&#46; van der Keur"
                            3 => "A&#46;J&#46;M&#46; Nieuweboer"
                            4 => "T&#46; Reinert"
                            5 => "L&#46; Dyrskjot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.115"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "189"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1945"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1951"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201384"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The diagnostic and prognostic performance of urinary FGFR3 mutation analysis in bladder cancer surveillance&#58; a prospective multicenter study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Couffignal"
                            1 => "F&#46; Desgrandchamps"
                            2 => "P&#46; Mongiat-Artus"
                            3 => "V&#46; Ravery"
                            4 => "I&#46; Ouzaid"
                            5 => "M&#46; Roupret"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.urology.2015.07.036"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urology"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1185"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1191"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364695"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "UroMark&#8212;a urinary biomarker assay for the detection of bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Feber"
                            1 => "P&#46; Dhami"
                            2 => "L&#46; Dong"
                            3 => "P&#46; de Winter"
                            4 => "W&#46;S&#46; Tan"
                            5 => "M&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Fern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s13148-016-0303-5"
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Epigenet"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence based on urinary levels of EOMES&#44; HOXA9&#44; POU4F2&#44; TWIST1 VIM&#44; and ZNF154 Hypermethylation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Reinert"
                            1 => "M&#46; Borre"
                            2 => "A&#46; Christiansen"
                            3 => "G&#46;G&#46; Hermann"
                            4 => "T&#46;F&#46; &#216;rntoft"
                            5 => "L&#46; Dyrskj&#248;t"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0046297"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS ONE"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e46297"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056278"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Promoter hypermethylation of HS3ST2 SEPTIN9 and SLIT2 combined with FGFR3 mutations as a sensitive&#47;specific urinary assay for diagnosis and surveillance in patients with low or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;-P&#46; Roperch"
                            1 => "B&#46; Grandchamp"
                            2 => "F&#46; Desgrandchamps"
                            3 => "P&#46; Mongiat-Artus"
                            4 => "V&#46; Ravery"
                            5 => "I&#46; Ouzaid"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12885-016-2748-5"
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27192978"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A methylation assay for the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer &#40;NMIBC&#41; recurrences in voided urine&#58; methylation assay for detecting NMIBC recurrences in voided urine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;C&#46;M&#46; Zuiverloon"
                            1 => "W&#46; Beukers"
                            2 => "K&#46;A&#46; van der Keur"
                            3 => "J&#46;R&#46; Munoz"
                            4 => "C&#46;H&#46; Bangma"
                            5 => "H&#46;F&#46; Lingsma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10428.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "941"
                        "paginaFinal" => "948"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756281"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A panel of three markers hyper- and hypomethylated in urine sediments accurately predicts bladder cancer recurrence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;-F&#46; Su"
                            1 => "A&#46;L&#46; de Castro Abreu"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Chihara"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Tsai"
                            4 => "C&#46; Andreu-Vieyra"
                            5 => "S&#46; Daneshmand"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2637"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1978"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1989"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691641"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urine cell-based DNA methylation classifier for monitoring bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;G&#46; Van der Heijden"
                            1 => "L&#46; Mengual"
                            2 => "M&#46; Ingelmo-Torres"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Lozano"
                            4 => "C&#46;C&#46;M&#46; van Rijt-van de Westerlo"
                            5 => "M&#46; Baixauli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s13148-018-0496-x"
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Epigenet"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Performance of the bladder EpiCheckTM methylation test for patients under surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer&#58; results of a multicenter&#44; prospective blinded clinical trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Witjes"
                            1 => "J&#46; Morote"
                            2 => "E&#46;B&#46; Cornel"
                            3 => "G&#46; Gakis"
                            4 => "F&#46;J&#46;P&#46; van Valenberg"
                            5 => "F&#46; Lozano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.euo.2018.06.011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "307"
                        "paginaFinal" => "313"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100252"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Combinations of urine-based tumour markers in bladder cancer surveillance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Horstmann"
                            1 => "O&#46; Patschan"
                            2 => "J&#46; Hennenlotter"
                            3 => "E&#46; Senger"
                            4 => "G&#46; Feil"
                            5 => "A&#46; Stenzl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3109/00365590903296837"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol Nephrol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "461"
                        "paginaFinal" => "466"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19903092"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detection of recurrent bladder cancer&#58; NMP22 test or urine cytology&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Hosseini"
                            1 => "A&#46;R&#46; Golshan"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Mazloomfard"
                            3 => "A&#46; Mehrsai"
                            4 => "M&#46;A&#46; Zargar"
                            5 => "M&#46; Ayati"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol J"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
                        "paginaFinal" => "372"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395834"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary UBC rapid and NMP22 test for bladder cancer surveillance in comparison to urinary cytology&#58; results from a prospective single-center study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Pichler"
                            1 => "G&#46; Tulchiner"
                            2 => "J&#46; Fritz"
                            3 => "G&#46; Schaefer"
                            4 => "W&#46; Horninger"
                            5 => "I&#46; Heidegger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.7150/ijms.19929"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Med Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "811"
                        "paginaFinal" => "819"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28824318"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patients with a negative cystoscopy and negative Nmp22<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Bladderchek<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> test are at low risk of missed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder&#58; a prospective evaluation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;D&#46; Terrell"
                            1 => "K&#46;J&#46; Elias"
                            2 => "A&#46;I&#46; Sagalowsky"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Lotan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1590/S1677-55382011000600004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Braz J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "706"
                        "paginaFinal" => "711"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234001"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nomograms including nuclear matrix protein 22 for prediction of disease recurrence and progression in patients with Ta T1 or CIS transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Shariat"
                            1 => "C&#46; Zippe"
                            2 => "G&#46; Ludecke"
                            3 => "H&#46; Boman"
                            4 => "M&#46; Sanchezcarbayo"
                            5 => "R&#46; Casella"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.ju.0000154696.48217.75"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "173"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1518"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1525"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821471"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of a new quantitative point-of-care test platform for urine-based detection of bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Ritter"
                            1 => "J&#46; Hennenlotter"
                            2 => "U&#46; K&#252;hs"
                            3 => "U&#46; Hofmann"
                            4 => "S&#46; Aufderklamm"
                            5 => "P&#46; Blutbacher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.09.024"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "344"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of UBC<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> rapid in bladder cancer&#58; a Swedish multicentre study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Styrke"
                            1 => "H&#46; Henriksson"
                            2 => "B&#46; Ljungberg"
                            3 => "M&#46; Hasan"
                            4 => "I&#46; Silfverberg"
                            5 => "R&#46; Einarsson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/21681805.2017.1313309"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "293"
                        "paginaFinal" => "300"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28422550"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary protein biomarker panel for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;J&#46; Rosser"
                            1 => "M&#46; Chang"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Dai"
                            3 => "S&#46; Ross"
                            4 => "L&#46; Mengual"
                            5 => "A&#46; Alcaraz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0035"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1340"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1345"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714076"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Panel of urinary diagnostic markers for non-invasive detection of primary and recurrent urothelial urinary bladder carcinoma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Soukup"
                            1 => "M&#46; Kalousov"
                            2 => "O&#46; Capoun"
                            3 => "R&#46; Sobotka"
                            4 => "Z&#46; Breyl"
                            5 => "M&#46; Pel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1159/000368166"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Int"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "56"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662337"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Validation of a protein panel for the noninvasive detection of recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Gogalic"
                            1 => "U&#46; Sauer"
                            2 => "S&#46; Doppler"
                            3 => "A&#46; Heinzel"
                            4 => "P&#46; Perco"
                            5 => "A&#46; Lukas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/1354750X"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biomarkers"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0168827812002723"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01688278"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Development and validation of urine-based peptide biomarker panels for detecting bladder cancer in a multi-center study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Frantzi"
                            1 => "K&#46;E&#46; van Kessel"
                            2 => "E&#46;C&#46; Zwarthoff"
                            3 => "M&#46; Marquez"
                            4 => "M&#46; Rava"
                            5 => "N&#46; Malats"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2715"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4077"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4086"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27026199"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0390"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stepwise application of urine markers to detect tumor recurrence in patients undergoing surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Todenh&#246;fer"
                            1 => "J&#46; Hennenlotter"
                            2 => "M&#46; Esser"
                            3 => "S&#46; Mohrhardt"
                            4 => "S&#46; Aufderklamm"
                            5 => "J&#46; B&#246;ttge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2014/973406"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dis Markers"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "2014"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "7"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Molecular markers for bladder cancer screening early diagnosis&#44; and surveillance&#58; The WHO&#47;ICUD Consensus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46;J&#46; Schmitz-Dr&#228;ger"
                            1 => "M&#46; Droller"
                            2 => "V&#46;B&#46; Lokeshwar"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Lotan"
                            4 => "M&#46;A&#46; Hudson"
                            5 => "B&#46;W&#46; van Rhijn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1159/000369357"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Urol Int"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "94"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25501325"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reflex immunocyt testing for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients with atypical urine cytology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;Y&#46; Odisho"
                            1 => "A&#46;B&#46; Berry"
                            2 => "A&#46;E&#46; Ahmad"
                            3 => "M&#46;R&#46; Cooperberg"
                            4 => "P&#46;R&#46; Carroll"
                            5 => "B&#46;R&#46; Konety"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.eururo.2012.04.019"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "936"
                        "paginaFinal" => "940"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521093"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for suspicious urinary cytology in patients with bladder cancer with negative surveillance cystoscopy&#58; reflex FISH assay for suspicious urinary cytology in patients with bladder cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "R&#46; Sukhu"
                            2 => "B&#46;H&#46; Cordon"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Sfakianos"
                            4 => "D&#46;D&#46; Sjoberg"
                            5 => "A&#46;A&#46; Hakimi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/bju.12516"
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BJU Int"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28440053"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 as urine biomarkers of bladder cancer recurrence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Blanca"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Requena"
                            2 => "J&#46; Alvarez"
                            3 => "L&#46; Cheng"
                            4 => "R&#46; Montironi"
                            5 => "M&#46;R&#46; Raspollini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2217/bmm.15.120"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biomark Med"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "243"
                        "paginaFinal" => "253"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26861974"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300915/v1_201910021051/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6359"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Review Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000004300000008/v1_201910021051/S2173578619300915/v1_201910021051/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578619300915?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]