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Vol. 34. Issue 4.
Pages 346-355 (January 2010)
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Vol. 34. Issue 4.
Pages 346-355 (January 2010)
Assessment of the PCA3 test for prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Evaluación del test PCA3 para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata: revisión sistemática y metanálisis
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J. Ruiz-Aragón
Corresponding author
jesusm.ruiz.ext@juntadeandalucia.es

Author for correspondence.
, S. Márquez-Peláez
Andalusia Agency for Health Technology Assessment (AETSA, Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnología Sanitaria de Andalucía)
Department of Health, Andalusia Council, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To assess the efficacy of PCA3-based diagnostic techniques for the detection of prostate cancer. We carried out a systematic review of scientific literature and subsequent meta-analysis.

Material and methods

A literature search (2000–09) in MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, Hayes, and cancer and urology databases and journals. The terms used were “Prostatic Neoplasms”, Prostate-Specific Antigen”, “Antigens, Neoplasm”, “Sensitivity and Specificity”, “Predictive Value of Tests”, and free terms “upm3”, “pca3”, “dd3”, “aptima pca3” and “prostate cancer antigen 3”. Patients were adults. The intervention was to determine the PCA3 gene in urine samples for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The quality of the studies was checked according to QUADAS criteria. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy rates, and developed a meta-analysis to synthesize the results.

Results

Fourteen studies of diagnostic tests were selected, which were of moderate to high quality. The sensitivity was between 46.9% and 82.3%, the specificity ranged from 56.3% to 89%, the positive predictive value had a range of 59.4 to 97.4%, and the negative predictive value was 87.8 to 98%. The meta-analysis detected a threshold effect and heterogeneity between studies. The global sensitivity value was 0.85 [CI 0.84–0.87], specificity 0.96 [CI 0.96–0.97], positive likelihood ratio 22.21 [CI 15.12–32.63], and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.15 [CI 0.13–0.18].

Conclusions

Detection techniques have acceptable diagnostic accuracy rates, and can be used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Diagnosis
PCA3
Early detection
Resumen
Objetivos

Evaluar la eficacia de las técnicas diagnósticas basadas en el gen PCA3 para el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica y posterior metanálisis.

Material y métodos

Búsqueda bibliográfica (2000–09) en MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, Hayes y en revistas especializadas de Cáncer y Urología. Se utilizaron los descriptores «Prostatic Neoplasms», «Prostate-Specific Antigen», «Antigens, Neoplasm», «Sensitivity and Specificity», «Predictive Value of Tests» y términos libres «upm3», «pca3», «dd3», «aptima pca3» y «prostate cancer antigen 3». La población eran adultos y la intervención consistía en la determinación del gen PCA3, a partir de muestras de orina, para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata.

La calidad de los estudios se analizó según los criterios QUADAS. Se calcularon los índices de validez diagnóstica y se elaboró un metanálisis para sintetizar los resultados.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 14 estudios de pruebas diagnósticas, de calidad moderadaalta. La sensibilidad estuvo comprendida entre 46,9–82,3%; la especificidad osciló entre 56,3–89%; el valor predictivo positivo tuvo un rango de 59,4–97,4%; y el valor predictivo negativo entre 87,8–98%. El metanálisis detectó la existencia de efecto umbral y de heretogeneidad entre los estudios, ofreciendo valores de sensibilidad global de 0,85 (IC 0,84–0,87), especificidad de 0,96 (IC 0,96–0,97), cociente de probabilidad positivo de 22,21 (IC 15,12–32,63) y negativo de 0,15 (IC 0,13–0,18).

Conclusiones

Las técnicas de detección presentan aceptables índices de validez diagnóstica para poder usarlas en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Diagnóstico
PCA3
Detección precoz

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