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Vol. 34. Issue 3.
Pages 223-231 (January 2010)
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Vol. 34. Issue 3.
Pages 223-231 (January 2010)
Evolution of open versus laparoscopic/robotic surgery: 10 years of changes in urology
Evolución de la cirugía abierta versus laparoscópica/robótica: 10 años de cambios en Urología
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J.A. Peña González
Corresponding author
japena@fundacio-puigvert.es

Author for correspondence.
, M. Pascual Queralt, J.T. Salvador Bayarri, A. Rosales Bordes, J. Palou Redorta, H. Villavicencio Mavrich
Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly used in urology in recent years. Laparoscopy has been performed at our center since 2001. Changes over time in the indication of open versus laparoscopic/robotic surgery, hospital stay, and learning curve are reviewed.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review of our database from 1997 to the end of 2007. A total of 3622 procedures were performed during this time (endoscopic procedures were excluded): 67,75% open, 26,17% laparoscopic, 2,29% perineal, and 3,78% robotic surgeries. Of these, 83,79% were performed in males and 16,20% in females. Mean patient age was 58,8 years. Data from the study period, including mean hospital stay and changes over time in operating time as a function of the learning curve, were analyzed and compared to data for the last 12 months of the study period.

Results

The percentages of all surgical procedures performed using a laparoscopic approach in the 1997–2006 versus the last 12 study months were as follows: nephrectomy, 31,8% versus 74,7%; living donor nephrectomy, 93% versus 100%; nephroureterectomy, 28,1% vs. 93,4%; partial nephrectomy, 31,3% vs 87%; and radical prostatectomy, 17,6% versus 73,5% including laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Shorter mean hospital stays and operating times were also seen.

Conclusions

Use of the laparoscopic approach has greatly increased in the 10-year period studied. In renal surgery, few indications remain for open surgery. In prostate surgery, introduction of robotic surgery in 2005 and learning of laparoscopy by several of our urologists have dramatically changed the therapeutic approach. Gradual incorporation of laparoscopic surgery has led to a decreased hospital stay and to a shortening of the learning curve.

Resumen
Introducción

Durante los últimos años se ha producido un incremento en la cirugía laparoscópica en urología. Nuestra institución realiza laparoscopia de forma continuada desde 2001. Revisamos la evolución de la indicación de cirugía abierta vs. laparoscópica/robótica, la estancia hospitalaria y la curva de aprendizaje.

Material y métodos

Retrospectivamente revisamos nuestra base de datos desde 1997 hasta finales del 2007. Son 3.622 cirugías (excluyendo todas las de abordaje endoscópico): 67,75% abiertas, 26,17% laparoscópicas, 2,29% perineales y 3,78% robóticas. El 83,79% en hombres y el 16,20% en mujeres. La edad media es de 58,8 años. Se analizan los datos de la década estudiada incluyendo estancia media hospitalaria y evolución del tiempo quirúrgico en función de la curva de aprendizaje y se comparan con los de los últimos doce meses de la misma.

Resultados

El porcentaje de cirugías laparoscópicas respecto de las totales, realizadas en los 9 primeros años frente a las de los 12 últimos meses del estudio, son: nefrectomías: 31,8 y 74,7%; nefrectomías de donante vivo: 93 y 100%; nefroureterectomías: 28,1 y 93,4%; nefrectomías parciales: 31,3 y 87%, y prostatectomías radicales: 17,6 y 73,5% sumando laparoscópicas y robóticas. Se observa disminución de la estancia media y disminución del tiempo quirúrgico.

Conclusiones

En los 10 años estudiados se ha producido un gran incremento en el abordaje laparoscópico. En la cirugía renal, son escasas las indicaciones de cirugía abierta. En cirugía prostática, la introducción de la cirugía robótica así como el aprendizaje laparoscópico por varios urólogos de nuestro centro ha cambiado radicalmente el enfoque terapéutico. La incorporación de la cirugía laparoscópica ha supuesto una disminución de la estancia hospitalaria y un acortamiento de la curva de aprendizaje.

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