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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Pseudohyperplastic carcinoma with xanthomatous changes: A neoplasm mimicking gla...
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Vol. 34. Issue 4.
Pages 333-339 (January 2010)
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Vol. 34. Issue 4.
Pages 333-339 (January 2010)
Pseudohyperplastic carcinoma with xanthomatous changes: A neoplasm mimicking glandular hyperplasia of the prostate
Carcicoma pseudohiperplásico con cambios xantomatosos: una neoplasia que semeja hiperplasia glandular de la próstata
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J. Arista-Nasr
Corresponding author
, B. Martínez-Benítez, J.A. Fernández-Amador, L. Bornstein-Quevedo, J. Albores-Saavedra
Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Varieties of prostatic adenocarcinoma whose architectural and cytological appearance mimicked benign lesions have been reported in recent decades. Such neoplasms include xanthomatous (foamy) carcinoma and pseudohyperplastic carcinoma. We recently studied five carcinomas showing a cytoarchitectural combination of both neoplasms which were mistaken for benign glandular proliferations.

Methods

Five cases (1.8%) of pseudohyperplastic carcinoma showing xanthomatous changes were selected from a total of 280 biopsies showing prostate carcinoma. Glandular prostatic hyperplasia was originally diagnosed in four such cases.

Results

Patient age ranged from 54 to 78 years (mean: 64 years). All patients had high prostate-specific antigen levels, and digital rectal examination showed abnormalities in four. Neoplasms showed minimal atypia and consisted of mid- to large-sized glands arranged in nests resembling hyperplastic nodules. Glands showed papillary projections, infoldings, and undulations. Most nuclei were basal, small and hyperchromatic, and nucleomegaly was observed only occasionally. Several useful criteria for the diagnosis of acinar carcinoma, such as perineural infiltration, mitosis, crystalloids, blue secretions, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, were absent.

Conclusions

Prostatic carcinoma with a pseudohyperplastic pattern and xanthomatous changes mimics hyperplastic glands. Timely detection is critical to avoid treatment delay.

Keywords:
Prostatic carcinoma
Xanthomatous
Foamy
Pseudohyperplastic
Prostatic biopsy
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

En las últimas décadas se han descrito variedades de adenocarcinoma prostático que por su arquitectura y su aspecto citológico semejan lesiones benignas. Estas neoplasias incluyen al carcinoma xantomatoso (espumoso) y al carcinoma pseudohiperplásico. Recientemente hemos estudiado cinco carcinomas que mostraron una combinación citoarquitectónica de ambas neoplasias y fueron confundidas con proliferaciones glandulares benignas.

Métodos

De un total de 280 biopsias con carcinoma prostático se seleccionaron cinco casos (1,8%) de carcinoma pseudohiperplásico que mostraron cambios xantomatosos. Cuatro de ellos fueron diagnosticados originalmente como hiperplasia glandular prostática.

Resultados

La edad de los pacientes varió de 54 a 78 años (promedio: 64 años). El antígeno prostático estuvo elevado en todos, y en el examen digital rectal se encontraron alteraciones en cuatro. Las neoplasias mostraron atipia mínima y estuvieron constituidas por glándulas de mediano y gran tamaño que se disponían en nidos semejantes a nódulos hiperplásicos. Las glándulas mostraron proyecciones papilares, plegamientos y ondulaciones. La mayoría de los núcleos fueron basales, pequeños e hipercromáticos, y sólo ocasionalmente se observó nucleomegalia. Varios criterios útiles en el diagnóstico de carcinoma acinar, incluyendo infiltración perineural, mitosis, cristaloides, secreciones azules y neoplasia intraepitelial prostática, estuvieron ausentes.

Conclusiones

Los carcinomas prostáticos con patrón pseudohiperplásico y cambios xantomatosos semejan glándulas hiperplásicas. Su reconocimiento oportuno es crucial para evitar retardo en el tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma prostático
Xantomatoso
Espumoso
Pseudohiperplásico
Biopsia prostática

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