Seasonal population of Acarus siro mites and effects of their faeces on allergenic immunological disorder modulated by garlic in albino rat

array:23 ["pii" => "S0301054611001522" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2011.03.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "285" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "copyrightAnyo" => "2010" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012;40:144-51" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2974 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 8 "HTML" => 2479 "PDF" => 487 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0301054611001157" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2010.12.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "270" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012;40:152-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2141 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 8 "HTML" => 1538 "PDF" => 595 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Article" "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of azathioprine and dapsone as an adjuvant in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "152" "paginaFinal" => "155" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1257 "Ancho" => 1615 "Tamanyo" => 96696 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Percentage of reepithelialisation of the lesions in the patients studied." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Tirado-Sánchez, V. Díaz-Molina, R.M. Ponce-Olivera" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Tirado-Sánchez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Díaz-Molina" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R.M." "apellidos" => "Ponce-Olivera" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611001157?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001157/v1_201304101107/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0301054611001169" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2010.12.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "271" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012;40:138-43" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2608 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 10 "HTML" => 2150 "PDF" => 448 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children: Results of the PETRA study" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "138" "paginaFinal" => "143" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1148 "Ancho" => 1645 "Tamanyo" => 70515 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Control of the disease with symptomatic agents." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Ibero, J.L. Justicia, M. Álvaro, O. Asensio, O. Domínguez, J. Garde, J. Sancha, A. Valero" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Ibero" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Justicia" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Álvaro" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "Asensio" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "Domínguez" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Garde" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Sancha" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Valero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611001169?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001169/v1_201304101107/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Seasonal population of Acarus siro mites and effects of their faeces on allergenic immunological disorder modulated by garlic in albino rat" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "144" "paginaFinal" => "151" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Bahaa K.A. Abdel-Salam" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Bahaa K.A." "apellidos" => "Abdel-Salam" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "Manar_Muhamad@yahoo.com" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, 61519 Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt" ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 830 "Ancho" => 1624 "Tamanyo" => 106203 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Acarofauna composition found in five visited flour mills samples collected from El-Minia governorate through one year (from February 2009 to January 2010)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionGarlic (Allium sativum, Linn), the member of Liliaceae family, is probably one of the earliest known medicinal plants.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> Its bulbs had been used as a cure-all in ancient Egypt and are mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus, one of the earliest treatises on medicinal plants.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> Garlic-derived compounds, extracts and other type of preparations have benefits for disease prevention and treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> This prompted us to proper garlic as an asthmatic modulatory medicinal plant.Understanding the nature of environmental triggers is fundamental in attempts to prevent/reduce allergic diseases. As previously noted, exposure to common aeroallergens, especially perennial inhalable allergens such as mite, is associated with a significantly increased risk for asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a>Mite infestation is associated with negative effects on man and his resources. Storage mites consume stored grain and oil seeds, transfer toxicogenic microorganisms and produce allergens, thereby causing occupational allergies and endangering food safety.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a>The flour mite Acarus siro is known as one of the commonest and most cosmopolitan of the stored product mite species.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a> It has often been reported on various kinds of grain, processed cereal products, cheese, and litter in poultry houses and on beehive debris. The physical limitations (temperature and humidity) for A. siro have been studied by various acarologists.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a>Several studies demonstrated that storage mites caused symptoms of bronchial asthma, particularly in rural occupational environments. The asthma symptoms are caused by inhalation of live mites and fragments of dead mites, or their excretory pellets.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a> Chronic exposure to allergens triggers a distinct array of immunobiological and biochemical reactions that directly stimulate and induce abnormalities of airway structure resulting in the development of clinical symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> Allergic disorder symptoms are associated with high level of serum allergens-specific IgE and eosinophilia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> In addition, both allergen exposure protocols result in immune-mediated airway inflammation defined by elevated levels of IgE, the T-helper cell 2 (TH2) cytokines IL-4 and eosinophils.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a>The pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ, promotes T-helper type-1 (Th1) responses, which downregulate the Th2-like immune responses that are hallmarks of allergic diseases, including asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a>The objective of the present investigation was to study the composition of the allergic mite species occurring in El-Minia Governorate flour mills, seasonal population of the most dominant allergenic species and their immunological disorders in albino rats. Modulation of these disorders was tested by a garlic extract.Materials and methodsAllergenic flour mills mite populationOne hundred dusty flour samples were collected from flour mills in El-Minia Governorate. Each sample was place into a plastic bag, labelled with the origin of its collection and the type of product stored there. For the mite population, samples were collected in February 2009–January 2010. They were transferred to the laboratory and examined as soon as possible.The Berlese-Tullgren method was used to extract mites from the samples. Ten grams from each sample were used in this method. Mites were sorted out, preserved and mounted on microscope slides for species identification.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6,14</a>A. siro figures were captured by light microscopy at ×400 and ×600 magnifications.Extract preparationPreparation of Acarus siro crude faeces extractThe dominant allergenic A. siro mites used for experiments were cultured and grown in small Petri dishes with paper tissues under their covers. Petri dishes were kept in a desiccator containing about 50ml of saturated KCl resulting in 75% relative humidity. Cultures were kept at 25°C, and fed with dry flour. When the population density was sufficiently high, A. siro crude faeces were isolated by the Berlese-Tullgren method. Five grams from these faeces pellets were used for each inhalation treatment.Preparation of crude garlic extractGarlic cloves were purchased from the local market in El-Minia, Egypt. They were then cleared of any adhering dried material. Fifty grams of the edible portion was homogenised in 100ml of distilled water and then filtered by passage through a 25mm pore-size filter (Millipore, St. Quentin, France) to give a crude aqueous extract of 500mg of garlic/ml. This was collected in a sterile vial and stored at 4°C until used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> Dose 10mg garlic extract per kg albino rat body weight (b.wt.) was used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a>Experimental animalsMale albino rats, Rattus norvegicus (6–8 weeks old, weight 100–120g) were purchased from the Biological Supply Center, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, TBRI, Cairo, Egypt and housed under specific pathogen-free conditions and maintained on a 12-h light–dark cycle, with food and water ad libitum. Animals were classified into three groups (10 animals each). The first group (control) was untreated. The second group was intranasal inhaled with A. siro faeces extract daily for 10 consecutive days. The third group was intra-peritoneal injected daily with garlic extract at a dose of 10mg/kg b.wt. and intranasal inhaled with A. siro faeces extract daily for 10 consecutive days.Cytokine and immunoglobulin in serumSeventy-two hours after the last treating, ten animals from each group were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. Blood samples were taken and centrifuged at 3000rpm for 30min. Sera were removed and kept at −20°C for the estimation of the cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) and IgE antibody levels by ELISA using kits purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).Leukocyte differential countFreshly collected blood samples of about 20μl were spread on clean slides into a thin film using another smooth-edged glass slide. Each blood smear was left to air dry before being fixed with methanol for 2–3min and then labelled by the number of the animal. Blood smears were stained with 10% Giemsa's stain (Aldrich) in buffered distilled water containing 0.021M Na2HPO4/0.015M KH2PO4. pH 7–7.2 for 30min far from sun light. After that, the stain was removed by gentle washing with distilled water and the slides were air-dried at room temperature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> Using light microscopy at ×400 magnification, different types of blood leukocytes were recorded. At least double smears for each blood samples were counted.Statistical analysisData were analysed using SPSS program version 13.0. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by least square differences (LSD) analysis for comparison between means. Results were expressed as mean±standard error (SE). Values of P<0.05 were considered statistically significant, while value of p>0.05 were considered statistically non-significant.ResultsSeasonal population of flour mills mitesResults obtained on the acarofauna of mites in samples collected from visited flour mills revealed that A. siro is the most abundant species recorded in the present study. It comprised about 90% of the total acarofauna. This species belongs to the family Pyroglyphidae. Its Genu I has different setae. The seta sigma 1 (σ1) is more than three times longer than the seta sigma 2 (σ2). In addition, the male forelegs femur is enlarged and bearing ventrally a conical process (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>One-year collected data from February 2009 to January 2010 showed that flour mills A. siro mite population reached its peak in spring and autumn seasons, other mite species were also detected but in small numbers (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Statistic analysis of the obtained data showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in mite population recorded in spring and autumn compared to those recorded during the summer and winter seasons.Estimation of INF-γResults of ELISA in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>A showed that INF-γ recorded 1965.90±21.798pg/ml in native group. Inhaled group with A. siro faeces counted high level of INF-γ (6932.46±17.752pg/ml). In contrast, the group treated with garlic had low level of INF-γ (5974.24±07.571pg/ml). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in INF-γ between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group, P<0.05.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Estimation of IL-4The IL-4 ELISA value demonstrated that the garlic-treated group (191.32±2.990pg/ml) is higher than the faeces-treated group (138.50±0.894pg/ml) and lower than the native group, which recorded 585.14±4.553pg/ml (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>B). This study showed also that there is a significant difference in IL-4 level between garlic-treated group and either native or faeces-treated group (P<0.05).Estimation of IgEIn contrast to IL-4, ELISA tests of IgE showed that the faeces-treated group (81.87±1.367ng/ml) is higher than both the native group (47.87±0.307ng/ml) and the garlic-treated group (42.09±0.153ng/ml). These differences can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>C. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the garlic-treated group and either the control or faeces-treated group (P<0.05).Leukocyte differential count<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>A showed that the percentage of neutrophils in faeces-inhaled group (50.67±0.333) is lower than both the native group (54.67±0.333) and the garlic-treated group (52.67±0.333). On the other hand, eosinophils and basophils percentages in faeces-inhaled group (3.00±0.000 and 1.00±0.000) are higher than both the native group (1.67±0.333 and 0.67±0.333) and the garlic and faeces-treated groups that count 2.00±0.000 and 0.67±0.333, respectively (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>A and C).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia>In parallel to neutrophils, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>D showed that lymphocytes percentage in faeces-inhaled group (30.67±0.333) is lower than both the native group (35.33±0.333) and the garlic-treated group (35.00±0.578). On contrast, the percent of monocytes in faeces-inhaled group (14.67±0.333) is higher than the garlic-treated group, recording 9.67±0.333 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>E). Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in leukocyte count between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group, P<0.05.DiscussionThis work includes two aspects, namely, (1) mites annual prevalence and (2) allergenic disease. Occupational asthma is common in individuals exposed to flour and grain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> Possible explanations for this are the development of hypersensitivity reactions to proteins in the flour and grain themselves, or to moulds and mites in the flour and grain when stored.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> One of the most significant findings of this study was a stigmatid mite, A. siro. It was found in all collected samples from visited flour mills monthly for four seasons (from winter 2009 to autumn 2010). This species had been also reported as the most allergenic stored product mite.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">20</a>In the present study, this species developed population densities of over 200 mites per 10g of dry sample weight. Prostigmatid and mesostigmatid mites were also found in the examined samples but in much lower numbers.Moisture and temperatures are known to affect the population growth of stored product mites.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a> Optimum temperature and relative humidity of A. siro population are 20–25°C and 75–85%, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> The above-recorded temperature and relative humidity are similar to those recorded during the beginning of spring and the end of autumn and are in accordance with this study, where the population peaks of A. siro were in spring and autumn. Similar population fluctuation patterns of A. siro complex were previously observed in wheat bulks stored for prolonged periods.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a>In addition to the mite population, we have investigated whether the most dominant mite species faeces antigen is important in the development of asthma or not, where mite faeces break up into many small pieces and combine with dust particles to form an allergenic dust.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a>The potential of certain pollutants to elicit allergic airway disease has been established in both experimental models and in humans.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">25</a> Short exposure (10 days) to HDM alone or to HDM and OVA resulted in equivalent levels of airway inflammation due to a robust inflammatory response in the lung. Moreover, it has been recently shown that intranasal administration of HDM daily for 10 days induces allergic sensitisation and Th2 airway inflammation, both of which are substantially reduced by concurrent treatment with anti–GM-CSF antibodies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> This prompted us to expose the tested animals for about 10 days.In addition to the dominance of A. siro in flour mills and stored products, it was also detected in house dust. Mechanistically, there is evidence that house dust mites disrupt cell monolayer and degrade tight junctions in the airway epithelium in vitro.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">27</a> This would facilitate their penetration across the airway epithelial barrier and, presumably, increase the accessibility to antigen presenting cells located in the sub-epithelial compartment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a>The prevalence of allergic disorders has been rising in recent years. It has been demonstrated that IgE antibodies play an important role in mediating type I hypersensitivity in humans.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">29</a> In both food and inhalant allergy it is accepted that food- or HDM-specific IgE binds to high-affinity Fc RI on mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as to low-affinity Fc RII on macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">30</a> When mite allergens penetrate mucosal barriers of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract and contact IgE antibodies bound to mast cells or basophils, histamine and other mediators that induce symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity are released.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a> Other studies have also suggested that cleavage of CD23 (low-affinity IgE receptor) may promote and enhance an IgE immune response.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a>Another factor to consider is the cytokine production. Indeed, it has been suggested that HDM may privilege the generation of a Th2-polarised response by modulating the balance between IL-4 and IFN-γ.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a> In addition, various dust mite allergens act on bronchial epithelial cells in vitro to elicit the production of a number of cytokines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">34</a>IL-4 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in the cytokine network and in the Th1/Th2 balance. It is generated by helper T cells, and possibly in the early adaptive immune response by mast cells and basophiles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">35</a> In this study, the low level of IL-4 in the faeces-treated group may be due to the negative feedback that is exerted by histamine itself to inhibit IL-4.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a>So, this study tended to measure the levels of INF-γ, IL-4 and IgE that are involved in allergenic disease. Repeated exposure to A. siro allergenic faeces caused an increase in both INF-γ and IgE, and a decrease in IL-4. The high level of both INF-γ and IgE, and the low level of IL-4 may participate in airway disorder. After garlic injection, the increase of IL-4 and the decrease of both INF-γ and IgE were maintained, and this may play an important role in the airway remodelling processes. The immunomodulatory effects on INF-gamma, IL-4 and IgE balance were tested by others.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a>With respect to the numbers of leukocytes, this study showed that the numbers of basophils (main leukocyte responsible for allergy) in mite faeces-treated group to be higher than those recorded in the other groups. These results are in accordance with the previous data.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a> The role of basophils in allergenic immune response, especially their function in IgE, IL-4 and INF-γ balance has also been studied by others.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a>However, several pathways leading to the inhibition of basophil functions, mainly in terms of cytokine production, have recently been reported, namely: leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LIR3) signalling that becomes inhibitory upon co-legation with LIR7 or Fc¿RI, decreasing IL-4 production, histamine release and CysLT generation by basophils; the SHIP pathway that represses IL-3-induced IL-4 secretion by basophils; the inhibition by flavonoids, such as fisetin or lutein, that decrease IL-4 and other TH2-type cytokines produced by basophils; STAT1 signalling that regulates IL-4 production by pulmonary basophils in a model of primary respiratory syncytial virus infection; the lyn pathway that controls IL-4 production by basophils.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a>Garlic in small amounts applied as a food condiment does not usually pose an important risk, aside for rare specific allergic reactions in hypersensitive people.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">40</a> In contrast, this study showed that some allergenic disorder could be modulated by garlic.In conclusion, these data demonstrated that A. siro was the most dominant species detected in collected flour mills samples in El-Minia Governorate. Its population peaked in spring and autumn. Repeated exposure to A. siro allergenic faeces caused an increase in both the pro-inflammatory cytokine INF-γ and the main allergenic immunoglobulin IgE, and a decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. The high level of both INF-γ and IgE, and the low level of IL-4 may participate in airway disorder. After garlic treating, the increase of IL-4 and the decrease of both INF-γ and IgE were maintained, and this means that garlic may play an important role in the amelioration of the airway immune response.Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflict of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres86108" "titulo" => array:6 [ 0 => "Summary" 1 => "Background" 2 => "Objective" 3 => "Methods" 4 => "Results" 5 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec74272" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Allergenic flour mills mite population" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Extract preparation" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Preparation of Acarus siro crude faeces extract" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Preparation of crude garlic extract" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Experimental animals" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Cytokine and immunoglobulin in serum" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Leukocyte differential count" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Seasonal population of flour mills mites" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Estimation of INF-γ" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Estimation of IL-4" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Estimation of IgE" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Leukocyte differential count" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack31878" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2010-12-23" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-03-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec74272" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Acarus siro faeces" 1 => "Allergenic immune response" 2 => "IgE" 3 => "IL-4" 4 => "INF-γ" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Summary" "resumen" => "BackgroundMites are the main factor involved in respiratory disorder. Acarus siro is the most allergenic species of mite detected in the samples collected from flour mills. ObjectiveThis work aimed to ameliorate the A. siro faeces allergenic disorder by garlic extract. MethodsAlbino experimental rats were classified into three groups (native, inhaled and treated). Mites extract, ELISA and leukocytes differential counts techniques were used. ResultsThe data obtained showed that the highest densities of A. siro in the samples collected from flour mills in El-Minia governorate during the period of February 2009 to January 2010 were recorded during the spring and autumn seasons. In addition, significantly higher serum levels of INF-γ and IgE were found in rats treated with faeces than the other groups, especially the garlic-treated group. In contrast, IL-4 was lower in faeces-treated rats than the others; however, the native group had the highest level of IL-4. The leukocytes differential count showed that eosinophil and basophil percentages in faeces-inhaled group are higher than both the native group and the garlic-treated group. Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe population of A. siro mites peaked in spring and autumn. The immunological disorder caused by repeated exposure to A. siro faeces might be modulated by garlic." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3040 "Ancho" => 2300 "Tamanyo" => 671381 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Acarus siro, (A) female whole mount, (B) right first leg of female with σ1 sita more than three times longer than σ2 sita (see arrow), (C) male whole mount, (D) right first leg of male with enlarged femur bearing ventrally a conical process (see arrow)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 830 "Ancho" => 1624 "Tamanyo" => 106203 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Acarofauna composition found in five visited flour mills samples collected from El-Minia governorate through one year (from February 2009 to January 2010)." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2354 "Ancho" => 3322 "Tamanyo" => 166946 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Changes in INF-γ (A), IL-4 (B) and IgE (C) levels in male albino rats inhaled with Acarus siro mite faeces and treated with garlic." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 2818 "Ancho" => 3239 "Tamanyo" => 255694 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Changes in differential counts of Neutrophils (A), Eosinophils (B), Basophils (C), Lymphocytes (D) and Monocytes (E) in male albino rats inhaled with Acarus siro mite faeces and treated with garlic." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Values expressed are mean±SE of ten samples." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mite species \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">February \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">March \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">April \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">May \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">June \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">July \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">August \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">September \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">October \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">November \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">December \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">January \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acarus siro \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">111.00±1.528 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">212.67±3.712 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">993.00±3.512<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.00±0.578 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.00±1.155 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48.67±0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">676.33±3.179<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">496.67±1.764 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">336.00±3055 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">196.00±3.055 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">453.00±3.512 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">586.67±8.819 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Others \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.33±0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">116.00±2.082 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.00±3.512 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.67±0.333 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.67±0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.33±0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.00±1.155 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.00±1.155 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43.33±1.764 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.67±1.764 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.00±1.155 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51.67±1.856 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">181.33±2.404 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">328.67±5.783 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1066.00±7.024 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.6±0.882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.67±2.028 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.00±1.732 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">694.33±4.256 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">518.67±2.906 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">379.33±4.807 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">216.67±4.667 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">485.00±4.583 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">638.33±10.551 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab165476.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Statistical significance (P<0.05) is shown on comparing population during 12 months." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Acarofauna composition found in five visited flour mills samples collected from El-Minia governorate through one year (from February 2009 to January 2010)." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Values expressed are mean±SE of ten samples." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Groups \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">INF-γ (pg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IL-4 (pg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgE (ng/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Native \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1965.90±21.798 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">585.14±4.553 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.87±0.307 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Faeces \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6932.46±17.752<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">138.50±0.894<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81.87±1.367<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Garlic and faeces \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5974.24±07.571<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">191.32±2.990<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42.09±0.153<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab165475.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Statistical significance (P<0.05) is shown on comparing infected or treated samples versus the native ones." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Changes in INF-γ, IL-4 and IgE levels in male albino rats inhaled with Acarus siro mite faeces and treated with garlic." ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Values expressed are mean±SE of ten samples." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Neutrophils \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eosinophils \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Basophils \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lymphocytes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Monocytes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Native \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.67±0.333 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.67±0.333 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.67±0.333 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.33±0.333 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.67±0.333 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Faeces \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50.67±0.333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.00±0.100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.00±0.100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.67±0.333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.67±0.333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Garlic and faeces \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.67±0.333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.00±0.100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.67±0.333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.00±0.578<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.67±0.333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab165477.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Statistical significance (P<0.05) is shown on comparing infected or treated samples versus the native ones." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Changes in differential leukocyte counts in male albino rats inhaled with Acarus siro mite faeces and treated with garlic." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Medical botany: plants affecting human health" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "W. Lewis" 1 => "M. Elvin-Lewis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "2nd ed." "fecha" => "2003" "editorial" => "Wiley" "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Wichtl" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "3rd ed." "fecha" => "2004" "editorial" => "CRC Press" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Boca Raton, FL" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "K.C. Agarwal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199601)16:1<111::AID-MED4>3.0.CO;2-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Res Rev" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "111" "paginaFinal" => "124" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8788216" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Primary asthma prevention: is it possible?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Becker" 1 => "M. Chan-Yeung" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Allergy Asthma Rep" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "261" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18589845" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of serum IgE to storage mites in a southwestern Ohio population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Yadav" 1 => "B.L. Elder" 2 => "M.S. Morgan" 3 => "D.L. Vyszenski-Moher" 4 => "L.G. Arlian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61248-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "356" "paginaFinal" => "362" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16498860" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The mites of stored food and houses" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.M. Hughes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tech Bull Minist Agric Fish Food" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "400" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Moisture gains, losses and equilibria of flour mites, Acarus siro L., in comparison with larger arthropods" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.E. Solomon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ent Exp Appl" "fecha" => "1966" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "24" "paginaFinal" => "41" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Health and safety issues related to mites in stored grain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.B. Halliday" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Stored grain in Australia. Proceedings of the Australian postharvest technical conference Canberra" "paginaInicial" => "25" "paginaFinal" => "27" "serieFecha" => "2003" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "W.W. Busse" 1 => "R.F. Lemanske" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200102013440507" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "344" "paginaInicial" => "350" "paginaFinal" => "362" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172168" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Airway remodeling and persistent airway obstruction in asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.E. Fish" 1 => "S.P. Peters" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "104" "paginaInicial" => "509" "paginaFinal" => "516" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10482819" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "In vitro basophile histamine-releasing activity of circulating IgG1 and IgG4 auto anti-IgE antibodies from asthma patients and the demonstration that anti-IgE modulates allergen-induced basophil activation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Shakib" 1 => "S.J. Smith" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Allergy" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "270" "paginaFinal" => "275" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Components of airway hyper responsiveness and their associations with inflammation and remodeling in mice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.S. Southam" 1 => "R. Ellis" 2 => "J. Wattie" 3 => "M.D. Inman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.623" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "119" "paginaInicial" => "848" "paginaFinal" => "854" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17321577" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "TH1 and TH2 CD4+ cells in human allergic diseases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.T. Umetsu" 1 => "R.H. Dekruyff" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "6" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9257779" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The acarofuana of House dust in upper Egypt" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "N.I. Schoker" 1 => "B.K. Abu El-Hussien" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Union Arab Biologists Cairo" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "337" "paginaFinal" => "362" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "In vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida species from Nigeria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "B.A. Iwalokun" 1 => "A. Ogunledun" 2 => "D.O. Ogbolu" 3 => "S.B. Bamiro" 4 => "J. Jimi-Omojola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Food" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "327" "paginaFinal" => "333" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of garlic extract on locomotor activity of male mice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Jamaan" 1 => "M.A. Ajarem" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J King Saud Univ" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "155" "paginaFinal" => "159" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stress and the distribution of leukocytes in red-spotted newts, Notophthalamus viridescens" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Benett" 1 => "K. Daigle" 2 => "Temperature" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Comp Physiol" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "153" "paginaInicial" => "81" "paginaFinal" => "83" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bakers’ asthma: development and possibility for treatment" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Thiel" 1 => "W.T. Ulmer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "78" "paginaInicial" => "400" "paginaFinal" => "405" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773723" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Allergic respiratory disease in grain workers: the role of storage mites" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.D. Blainey" 1 => "M.D. Topping" 2 => "S. Ollier" 3 => "R.J. Davies" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "84" "paginaInicial" => "296" "paginaFinal" => "303" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2778235" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Three-dimensional distribution and sampling indices of insects and mites in horizontally-stored wheat" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.G. Athanassiou" 1 => "N.G. Kavallieratos" 2 => "N.E. Palyvos" 3 => "C.T. Buchelos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appl Entomol Zool" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "413" "paginaFinal" => "426" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development and survival of the cheese mites, Acarus farris and Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: Acaridae), at constant temperatures and 90% relative humidity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "I. Sanchez-Ramos" 1 => "F. Alavarez-Alfageme" 2 => "P. Castanera" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Stored Product Res" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "64" "paginaFinal" => "72" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Temperature-dependent population growth of three species of stored product mites (Acari: Acaridida)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Gamila" 1 => "S. Vaclav" 2 => "P. Stano" 3 => "H. Jan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10493-007-9074-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Exp Appl Acarol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "37" "paginaFinal" => "46" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17479350" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Population dynamics of stored-product mites" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.N. Sinha" 1 => "H.A.H. Wallace" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oecologia" "fecha" => "1973" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "315" "paginaFinal" => "327" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "ISAAC" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "315" "paginaFinal" => "335" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727780" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles can induce sensitization to a aeroallergen in the human mucosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D. Diaz-Sanchez" 1 => "M.P. Garcia" 2 => "M. Wang" 3 => "M. Jyrala" 4 => "A. Saxon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "104" "paginaInicial" => "1183" "paginaFinal" => "1188" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588999" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intranasal exposure of mice to house dust mite elicits allergic airway inflammation via a GM-CSF-mediated mechanism" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E.C. Cates" 1 => "R. Fattouh" 2 => "J. Wattie" 3 => "M.D. Inman" 4 => "S. Goncharova" 5 => "A.J. Coyle" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "173" "paginaInicial" => "6384" "paginaFinal" => "6392" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Wan" 1 => "H.L. Winton" 2 => "C. Soeller" 3 => "G.W. Taylor" 4 => "D.C. Gruenert" 5 => "P.J. Thompson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Allergy" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "279" "paginaFinal" => "294" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251630" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Wan" 1 => "H.L. Winton" 2 => "C. Soeller" 3 => "E.R. Tovey" 4 => "D.C. Gruenert" 5 => "P.J. Thompson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1172/JCI5844" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "104" "paginaInicial" => "123" "paginaFinal" => "133" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10393706" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of mast cells in anaphylaxis. Evidence for the importance of mast cells in the cardiopulmonary alterations and death induced by anti-IgE in mice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T.R. Martin" 1 => "S.J. Galli" 2 => "I.M. Katona" 3 => "J.M. Drazen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1172/JCI114025" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "1375" "paginaFinal" => "1383" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2784802" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Food allergy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H.A. Sampson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "278" "paginaInicial" => "1888" "paginaFinal" => "1894" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9396650" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Histamine receptor H4 activation positively regulates in vivo IL-4 and IFN-γ production by invariant natural killer T cells" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.C. Leite-de-Moraes" 1 => "S. Diem" 2 => "M.L. Michel" 3 => "H. Ohtsu" 4 => "R.L. Thurmond" 5 => "E. Schneider" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "182" "paginaInicial" => "1233" "paginaFinal" => "1236" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19155466" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Der p I, a major allergen of the house dust mite, proteolytically cleaves the low-affinity receptor for human IgE (CD23)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "O. Schulz" 1 => "P. Laing" 2 => "H.F. Sewell" 3 => "F. Shakib" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/eji.1830251131" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Immunol" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "3191" "paginaFinal" => "3194" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7489763" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Human T cell subset commitment determined by the intrinsic property of antigen: the proteolytic activity of the major mite allergen Der p 1 conditions T cells to produce more IL-4 and less IFN-gamma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.M. Ghaemmaghami" 1 => "A. Robins" 2 => "L. Gough" 3 => "H.F. Sewell" 4 => "F. Shakib" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1521-4141(200104)31:4<1211::AID-IMMU1211>3.0.CO;2-R" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Immunol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "1211" "paginaFinal" => "1216" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11298346" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interaction of mite allergens Der p3 and Der p9 with protease-activated receptor-2 expressed by lung epithelial cells" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "G. Sun" 1 => "M.A. Stacey" 2 => "M. Schmidt" 3 => "L. Mori" 4 => "S. Mattoli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "167" "paginaInicial" => "1014" "paginaFinal" => "1021" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441110" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Analysis of IL-4 mRNA level by RT-PCR and association with IgE production in different rat strains" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.J. Tavakkol" 1 => "I.V. Hutchinson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "IJBMS" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "12" ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produces a decrease in IFN-gamma and increase in IL-4 when administrated to healthy donors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "O. Rodríguez-Cortés" 1 => "J. Vela-Ojeda" 2 => "R. López-Santiago" 3 => "L. Montiel-Cervantes" 4 => "E. Reyes-Maldonado" 5 => "I. Estrada-García" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jca.20234" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Apher" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "187" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20818712" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New paradigms in basophil development, regulation and function" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.C. Siracusa" 1 => "J.G. Perrigoue" 2 => "M.R. Comeau" 3 => "D. Artis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/icb.2010.1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Immunol Cell Biol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "88" "paginaInicial" => "275" "paginaFinal" => "284" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20125116" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Basophils contribute to T(H)2-IgE responses in vivo via IL-4 production and presentation of peptide-MHC class II complexes to CD4+ T cells" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Yoshimoto" 1 => "K. Yasuda" 2 => "H. Tanaka" 3 => "M. Nakahira" 4 => "Y. Imai" 5 => "Y. Fujimori" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/ni.1737" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Immunol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "706" "paginaFinal" => "712" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465908" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lyn kinase controls basophil GATA-3 transcription factor expression and induction of Th2 cell differentiation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Charles" 1 => "W.T. Watford" 2 => "H.L. Ramos" 3 => "L. Hellman" 4 => "H.C. Oettgen" 5 => "G. Gomez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.immuni.2009.02.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Immunity" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "533" "paginaFinal" => "543" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362019" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Complementary and alternative interventions in asthma, allergy, and immunology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L. Bielory" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "45" "paginaFinal" => "54" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xack31878" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" "texto" => "I thank Prof. Dr. El-Feki M. A. (Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt) for revising the manuscript. I also thank Dr. Shaban H. A. (Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt) for his efforts in data analysis." ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001522/v1_201304101107/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "5554" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001522/v1_201304101107/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611001522?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original article

Bahaa K.A. Abdel-Salam

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, 61519 Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt

Read

7671

Times
was read the article

1000

Total PDF

6671

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0301054611001522"
  "issn" => "03010546"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2011.03.005"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
  "aid" => "285"
  "copyright" => "SEICAP"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2010"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Allergol  Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;. 2012;40:144-51"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2974
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 8
      "HTML" => 2479
      "PDF" => 487
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0301054611001157"
    "issn" => "03010546"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2010.12.009"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
    "aid" => "270"
    "copyright" => "SEICAP"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Allergol  Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;. 2012;40:152-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2141
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 8
        "HTML" => 1538
        "PDF" => 595
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of azathioprine and dapsone as an adjuvant in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "152"
          "paginaFinal" => "155"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1257
              "Ancho" => 1615
              "Tamanyo" => 96696
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage of reepithelialisation of the lesions in the patients studied&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Tirado-S&#225;nchez, V&#46; D&#237;az-Molina, R&#46;M&#46; Ponce-Olivera"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Tirado-S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "D&#237;az-Molina"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ponce-Olivera"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611001157?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001157/v1_201304101107/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0301054611001169"
    "issn" => "03010546"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2010.12.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01"
    "aid" => "271"
    "copyright" => "SEICAP"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Allergol  Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;. 2012;40:138-43"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2608
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 10
        "HTML" => 2150
        "PDF" => 448
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children&#58; Results of the PETRA study"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "138"
          "paginaFinal" => "143"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1148
              "Ancho" => 1645
              "Tamanyo" => 70515
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Control of the disease with symptomatic agents&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Ibero, J&#46;L&#46; Justicia, M&#46; &#193;lvaro, O&#46; Asensio, O&#46; Dom&#237;nguez, J&#46; Garde, J&#46; Sancha, A&#46; Valero"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ibero"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Justicia"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "&#193;lvaro"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "O&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Asensio"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "O&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Dom&#237;nguez"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garde"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Sancha"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Valero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611001169?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001169/v1_201304101107/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Seasonal population of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> mites and effects of their faeces on allergenic immunological disorder modulated by garlic in albino rat"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "144"
        "paginaFinal" => "151"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Bahaa K&#46;A&#46; Abdel-Salam"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Bahaa K&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Abdel-Salam"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "Manar&#95;Muhamad&#64;yahoo&#46;com"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Zoology&#44; Faculty of Science&#44; 61519 Minia University&#44; El-Minia&#44; Egypt"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 830
            "Ancho" => 1624
            "Tamanyo" => 106203
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acarofauna composition found in five visited flour mills samples collected from El-Minia governorate through one year &#40;from February 2009 to January 2010&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Garlic &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Allium sativum</span>&#44; Linn&#41;&#44; the member of Liliaceae family&#44; is probably one of the earliest known medicinal plants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Its bulbs had been used as a cure-all in ancient Egypt and are mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus&#44; one of the earliest treatises on medicinal plants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Garlic-derived compounds&#44; extracts and other type of preparations have benefits for disease prevention and treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This prompted us to proper garlic as an asthmatic modulatory medicinal plant&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Understanding the nature of environmental triggers is fundamental in attempts to prevent&#47;reduce allergic diseases&#46; As previously noted&#44; exposure to common aeroallergens&#44; especially perennial inhalable allergens such as mite&#44; is associated with a significantly increased risk for asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mite infestation is associated with negative effects on man and his resources&#46; Storage mites consume stored grain and oil seeds&#44; transfer toxicogenic microorganisms and produce allergens&#44; thereby causing occupational allergies and endangering food safety&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The flour mite <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> is known as one of the commonest and most cosmopolitan of the stored product mite species&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It has often been reported on various kinds of grain&#44; processed cereal products&#44; cheese&#44; and litter in poultry houses and on beehive debris&#46; The physical limitations &#40;temperature and humidity&#41; for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> have been studied by various acarologists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies demonstrated that storage mites caused symptoms of bronchial asthma&#44; particularly in rural occupational environments&#46; The asthma symptoms are caused by inhalation of live mites and fragments of dead mites&#44; or their excretory pellets&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Chronic exposure to allergens triggers a distinct array of immunobiological and biochemical reactions that directly stimulate and induce abnormalities of airway structure resulting in the development of clinical symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Allergic disorder symptoms are associated with high level of serum allergens-specific IgE and eosinophilia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In addition&#44; both allergen exposure protocols result in immune-mediated airway inflammation defined by elevated levels of IgE&#44; the T-helper cell 2 &#40;TH2&#41; cytokines IL-4 and eosinophils&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pro-inflammatory cytokine&#44; IFN-&#947;&#44; promotes T-helper type-1 &#40;Th1&#41; responses&#44; which downregulate the Th2-like immune responses that are hallmarks of allergic diseases&#44; including asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the present investigation was to study the composition of the allergic mite species occurring in El-Minia Governorate flour mills&#44; seasonal population of the most dominant allergenic species and their immunological disorders in albino rats&#46; Modulation of these disorders was tested by a garlic extract&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Allergenic flour mills mite population</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One hundred dusty flour samples were collected from flour mills in El-Minia Governorate&#46; Each sample was place into a plastic bag&#44; labelled with the origin of its collection and the type of product stored there&#46; For the mite population&#44; samples were collected in February 2009&#8211;January 2010&#46; They were transferred to the laboratory and examined as soon as possible&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Berlese-Tullgren method was used to extract mites from the samples&#46; Ten grams from each sample were used in this method&#46; Mites were sorted out&#44; preserved and mounted on microscope slides for species identification&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> figures were captured by light microscopy at &#215;400 and &#215;600 magnifications&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Extract preparation</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Preparation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> crude faeces extract</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The dominant allergenic <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> mites used for experiments were cultured and grown in small Petri dishes with paper tissues under their covers&#46; Petri dishes were kept in a desiccator containing about 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of saturated KCl resulting in 75&#37; relative humidity&#46; Cultures were kept at 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; and fed with dry flour&#46; When the population density was sufficiently high&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> crude faeces were isolated by the Berlese-Tullgren method&#46; Five grams from these faeces pellets were used for each inhalation treatment&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Preparation of crude garlic extract</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Garlic cloves were purchased from the local market in El-Minia&#44; Egypt&#46; They were then cleared of any adhering dried material&#46; Fifty grams of the edible portion was homogenised in 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of distilled water and then filtered by passage through a 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm pore-size filter &#40;Millipore&#44; St&#46; Quentin&#44; France&#41; to give a crude aqueous extract of 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of garlic&#47;ml&#46; This was collected in a sterile vial and stored at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Dose 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg garlic extract per kg albino rat body weight &#40;b&#46;wt&#46;&#41; was used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Experimental animals</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Male albino rats&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rattus norvegicus</span> &#40;6&#8211;8 weeks old&#44; weight 100&#8211;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#41; were purchased from the Biological Supply Center&#44; Theodore Bilharz Research Institute&#44; TBRI&#44; Cairo&#44; Egypt and housed under specific pathogen-free conditions and maintained on a 12-h light&#8211;dark cycle&#44; with food and water ad libitum&#46; Animals were classified into three groups &#40;10 animals each&#41;&#46; The first group &#40;control&#41; was untreated&#46; The second group was intranasal inhaled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> faeces extract daily for 10 consecutive days&#46; The third group was intra-peritoneal injected daily with garlic extract at a dose of 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg b&#46;wt&#46; and intranasal inhaled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> faeces extract daily for 10 consecutive days&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Cytokine and immunoglobulin in serum</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-two hours after the last treating&#44; ten animals from each group were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia&#46; Blood samples were taken and centrifuged at 3000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; Sera were removed and kept at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for the estimation of the cytokines &#40;IFN-&#947; and IL-4&#41; and IgE antibody levels by ELISA using kits purchased from R&#38;D Systems &#40;Minneapolis&#44; MN&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Leukocyte differential count</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Freshly collected blood samples of about 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l were spread on clean slides into a thin film using another smooth-edged glass slide&#46; Each blood smear was left to air dry before being fixed with methanol for 2&#8211;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and then labelled by the number of the animal&#46; Blood smears were stained with 10&#37; Giemsa&#39;s stain &#40;Aldrich&#41; in buffered distilled water containing 0&#46;021<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M Na<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>HPO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>&#47;0&#46;015<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M KH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>PO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>&#46; pH 7&#8211;7&#46;2 for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min far from sun light&#46; After that&#44; the stain was removed by gentle washing with distilled water and the slides were air-dried at room temperature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Using light microscopy at &#215;400 magnification&#44; different types of blood leukocytes were recorded&#46; At least double smears for each blood samples were counted&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were analysed using SPSS program version 13&#46;0&#46; Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using one way analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41; test followed by least square differences &#40;LSD&#41; analysis for comparison between means&#46; Results were expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard error &#40;SE&#41;&#46; Values of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#44; while value of p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were considered statistically non-significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Seasonal population of flour mills mites</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results obtained on the acarofauna of mites in samples collected from visited flour mills revealed that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> is the most abundant species recorded in the present study&#46; It comprised about 90&#37; of the total acarofauna&#46; This species belongs to the family Pyroglyphidae&#46; Its Genu I has different setae&#46; The seta sigma 1 &#40;&#963;1&#41; is more than three times longer than the seta sigma 2 &#40;&#963;2&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; the male forelegs femur is enlarged and bearing ventrally a conical process &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One-year collected data from February 2009 to January 2010 showed that flour mills <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> mite population reached its peak in spring and autumn seasons&#44; other mite species were also detected but in small numbers &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistic analysis of the obtained data showed a significant difference &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; in mite population recorded in spring and autumn compared to those recorded during the summer and winter seasons&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Estimation of INF-&#947;</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results of ELISA in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>A showed that INF-&#947; recorded 1965&#46;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;798<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml in native group&#46; Inhaled group with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> faeces counted high level of INF-&#947; &#40;6932&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;752<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; the group treated with garlic had low level of INF-&#947; &#40;5974&#46;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>07&#46;571<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#41;&#46; Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in INF-&#947; between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Estimation of IL-4</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The IL-4 ELISA value demonstrated that the garlic-treated group &#40;191&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;990<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#41; is higher than the faeces-treated group &#40;138&#46;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;894<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#41; and lower than the native group&#44; which recorded 585&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;553<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>B&#41;&#46; This study showed also that there is a significant difference in IL-4 level between garlic-treated group and either native or faeces-treated group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Estimation of IgE</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to IL-4&#44; ELISA tests of IgE showed that the faeces-treated group &#40;81&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;367<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41; is higher than both the native group &#40;47&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;307<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41; and the garlic-treated group &#40;42&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;153<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; These differences can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>C&#46; Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the garlic-treated group and either the control or faeces-treated group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Leukocyte differential count</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>A showed that the percentage of neutrophils in faeces-inhaled group &#40;50&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41; is lower than both the native group &#40;54&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41; and the garlic-treated group &#40;52&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; eosinophils and basophils percentages in faeces-inhaled group &#40;3&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;000 and 1&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;000&#41; are higher than both the native group &#40;1&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333 and 0&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41; and the garlic and faeces-treated groups that count 2&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;000 and 0&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#44; respectively &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>A and C&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In parallel to neutrophils&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>D showed that lymphocytes percentage in faeces-inhaled group &#40;30&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41; is lower than both the native group &#40;35&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41; and the garlic-treated group &#40;35&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;578&#41;&#46; On contrast&#44; the percent of monocytes in faeces-inhaled group &#40;14&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&#41; is higher than the garlic-treated group&#44; recording 9&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>E&#41;&#46; Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in leukocyte count between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work includes two aspects&#44; namely&#44; &#40;1&#41; mites annual prevalence and &#40;2&#41; allergenic disease&#46; Occupational asthma is common in individuals exposed to flour and grain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Possible explanations for this are the development of hypersensitivity reactions to proteins in the flour and grain themselves&#44; or to moulds and mites in the flour and grain when stored&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> One of the most significant findings of this study was a stigmatid mite&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span>&#46; It was found in all collected samples from visited flour mills monthly for four seasons &#40;from winter 2009 to autumn 2010&#41;&#46; This species had been also reported as the most allergenic stored product mite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; this species developed population densities of over 200 mites per 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g of dry sample weight&#46; Prostigmatid and mesostigmatid mites were also found in the examined samples but in much lower numbers&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moisture and temperatures are known to affect the population growth of stored product mites&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Optimum temperature and relative humidity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> population are 20&#8211;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C and 75&#8211;85&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The above-recorded temperature and relative humidity are similar to those recorded during the beginning of spring and the end of autumn and are in accordance with this study&#44; where the population peaks of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> were in spring and autumn&#46; Similar population fluctuation patterns of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> complex were previously observed in wheat bulks stored for prolonged periods&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the mite population&#44; we have investigated whether the most dominant mite species faeces antigen is important in the development of asthma or not&#44; where mite faeces break up into many small pieces and combine with dust particles to form an allergenic dust&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The potential of certain pollutants to elicit allergic airway disease has been established in both experimental models and in humans&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Short exposure &#40;10 days&#41; to HDM alone or to HDM and OVA resulted in equivalent levels of airway inflammation due to a robust inflammatory response in the lung&#46; Moreover&#44; it has been recently shown that intranasal administration of HDM daily for 10 days induces allergic sensitisation and Th2 airway inflammation&#44; both of which are substantially reduced by concurrent treatment with anti&#8211;GM-CSF antibodies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> This prompted us to expose the tested animals for about 10 days&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the dominance of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; sir</span>o in flour mills and stored products&#44; it was also detected in house dust&#46; Mechanistically&#44; there is evidence that house dust mites disrupt cell monolayer and degrade tight junctions in the airway epithelium in vitro&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> This would facilitate their penetration across the airway epithelial barrier and&#44; presumably&#44; increase the accessibility to antigen presenting cells located in the sub-epithelial compartment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of allergic disorders has been rising in recent years&#46; It has been demonstrated that IgE antibodies play an important role in mediating type I hypersensitivity in humans&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> In both food and inhalant allergy it is accepted that food- or HDM-specific IgE binds to high-affinity Fc RI on mast cells&#44; basophils&#44; macrophages&#44; and dendritic cells&#44; as well as to low-affinity Fc RII on macrophages&#44; monocytes&#44; lymphocytes&#44; eosinophils&#44; and platelets&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> When mite allergens penetrate mucosal barriers of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract and contact IgE antibodies bound to mast cells or basophils&#44; histamine and other mediators that induce symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity are released&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Other studies have also suggested that cleavage of CD23 &#40;low-affinity IgE receptor&#41; may promote and enhance an IgE immune response&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another factor to consider is the cytokine production&#46; Indeed&#44; it has been suggested that HDM may privilege the generation of a Th2-polarised response by modulating the balance between IL-4 and IFN-&#947;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> In addition&#44; various dust mite allergens act on bronchial epithelial cells in vitro to elicit the production of a number of cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IL-4 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in the cytokine network and in the Th1&#47;Th2 balance&#46; It is generated by helper T cells&#44; and possibly in the early adaptive immune response by mast cells and basophiles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> In this study&#44; the low level of IL-4 in the faeces-treated group may be due to the negative feedback that is exerted by histamine itself to inhibit IL-4&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">So&#44; this study tended to measure the levels of INF-&#947;&#44; IL-4 and IgE that are involved in allergenic disease&#46; Repeated exposure to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> allergenic faeces caused an increase in both INF-&#947; and IgE&#44; and a decrease in IL-4&#46; The high level of both INF-&#947; and IgE&#44; and the low level of IL-4 may participate in airway disorder&#46; After garlic injection&#44; the increase of IL-4 and the decrease of both INF-&#947; and IgE were maintained&#44; and this may play an important role in the airway remodelling processes&#46; The immunomodulatory effects on INF-gamma&#44; IL-4 and IgE balance were tested by others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to the numbers of leukocytes&#44; this study showed that the numbers of basophils &#40;main leukocyte responsible for allergy&#41; in mite faeces-treated group to be higher than those recorded in the other groups&#46; These results are in accordance with the previous data&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> The role of basophils in allergenic immune response&#44; especially their function in IgE&#44; IL-4 and INF-&#947; balance has also been studied by others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; several pathways leading to the inhibition of basophil functions&#44; mainly in terms of cytokine production&#44; have recently been reported&#44; namely&#58; leukocyte Ig-like receptor &#40;LIR3&#41; signalling that becomes inhibitory upon co-legation with LIR7 or Fc¿RI&#44; decreasing IL-4 production&#44; histamine release and CysLT generation by basophils&#59; the SHIP pathway that represses IL-3-induced IL-4 secretion by basophils&#59; the inhibition by flavonoids&#44; such as fisetin or lutein&#44; that decrease IL-4 and other TH2-type cytokines produced by basophils&#59; STAT1 signalling that regulates IL-4 production by pulmonary basophils in a model of primary respiratory syncytial virus infection&#59; the lyn pathway that controls IL-4 production by basophils&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a></p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Garlic in small amounts applied as a food condiment does not usually pose an important risk&#44; aside for rare specific allergic reactions in hypersensitive people&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> In contrast&#44; this study showed that some allergenic disorder could be modulated by garlic&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; these data demonstrated that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> was the most dominant species detected in collected flour mills samples in El-Minia Governorate&#46; Its population peaked in spring and autumn&#46; Repeated exposure to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> allergenic faeces caused an increase in both the pro-inflammatory cytokine INF-&#947; and the main allergenic immunoglobulin IgE&#44; and a decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4&#46; The high level of both INF-&#947; and IgE&#44; and the low level of IL-4 may participate in airway disorder&#46; After garlic treating&#44; the increase of IL-4 and the decrease of both INF-&#947; and IgE were maintained&#44; and this means that garlic may play an important role in the amelioration of the airway immune response&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:9 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres86108"
          "titulo" => array:6 [
            0 => "Summary"
            1 => "Background"
            2 => "Objective"
            3 => "Methods"
            4 => "Results"
            5 => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec74272"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Allergenic flour mills mite population"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Extract preparation"
              "secciones" => array:2 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0025"
                  "titulo" => "Preparation of Acarus siro crude faeces extract"
                ]
                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0030"
                  "titulo" => "Preparation of crude garlic extract"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Experimental animals"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Cytokine and immunoglobulin in serum"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Leukocyte differential count"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Seasonal population of flour mills mites"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0065"
              "titulo" => "Estimation of INF-&#947;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0070"
              "titulo" => "Estimation of IL-4"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0075"
              "titulo" => "Estimation of IgE"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0080"
              "titulo" => "Leukocyte differential count"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0085"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0090"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack31878"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgement"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2010-12-23"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-03-03"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec74272"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> faeces"
            1 => "Allergenic immune response"
            2 => "IgE"
            3 => "IL-4"
            4 => "INF-&#947;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Summary"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mites are the main factor involved in respiratory disorder&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> is the most allergenic species of mite detected in the samples collected from flour mills&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This work aimed to ameliorate the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> faeces allergenic disorder by garlic extract&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Albino experimental rats were classified into three groups &#40;native&#44; inhaled and treated&#41;&#46; Mites extract&#44; ELISA and leukocytes differential counts techniques were used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The data obtained showed that the highest densities of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> in the samples collected from flour mills in El-Minia governorate during the period of February 2009 to January 2010 were recorded during the spring and autumn seasons&#46; In addition&#44; significantly higher serum levels of INF-&#947; and IgE were found in rats treated with faeces than the other groups&#44; especially the garlic-treated group&#46; In contrast&#44; IL-4 was lower in faeces-treated rats than the others&#59; however&#44; the native group had the highest level of IL-4&#46; The leukocytes differential count showed that eosinophil and basophil percentages in faeces-inhaled group are higher than both the native group and the garlic-treated group&#46; Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The population of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> mites peaked in spring and autumn&#46; The immunological disorder caused by repeated exposure to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; siro</span> faeces might be modulated by garlic&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 3040
            "Ancho" => 2300
            "Tamanyo" => 671381
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span>&#44; &#40;A&#41; female whole mount&#44; &#40;B&#41; right first leg of female with &#963;1 sita more than three times longer than &#963;2 sita &#40;see arrow&#41;&#44; &#40;C&#41; male whole mount&#44; &#40;D&#41; right first leg of male with enlarged femur bearing ventrally a conical process &#40;see arrow&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 830
            "Ancho" => 1624
            "Tamanyo" => 106203
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acarofauna composition found in five visited flour mills samples collected from El-Minia governorate through one year &#40;from February 2009 to January 2010&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2354
            "Ancho" => 3322
            "Tamanyo" => 166946
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes in INF-&#947; &#40;A&#41;&#44; IL-4 &#40;B&#41; and IgE &#40;C&#41; levels in male albino rats inhaled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> mite faeces and treated with garlic&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2818
            "Ancho" => 3239
            "Tamanyo" => 255694
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes in differential counts of Neutrophils &#40;A&#41;&#44; Eosinophils &#40;B&#41;&#44; Basophils &#40;C&#41;&#44; Lymphocytes &#40;D&#41; and Monocytes &#40;E&#41; in male albino rats inhaled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> mite faeces and treated with garlic&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed are mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SE of ten samples&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mite species&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">February&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">March&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">April&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">May&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">June&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">July&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">August&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">September&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">October&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">November&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">December&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">January&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;528&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">212&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;712&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">993&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;512<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;578&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">676&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;179<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">496&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;764&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">336&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3055&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">196&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;055&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">453&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;512&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">586&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;819&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">116&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;082&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;512&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;764&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;764&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;856&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">181&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;404&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">328&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;783&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1066&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;732&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">694&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;256&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">518&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;906&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">379&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;807&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">216&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;667&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">485&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;583&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">638&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;551&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab165476.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Statistical significance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; is shown on comparing population during 12 months&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acarofauna composition found in five visited flour mills samples collected from El-Minia governorate through one year &#40;from February 2009 to January 2010&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed are mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SE of ten samples&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Groups&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">INF-&#947; &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IL-4 &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgE &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Native&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1965&#46;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;798&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">585&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;553&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;307&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Faeces&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6932&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;752<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138&#46;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;894<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;367<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Garlic and faeces&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5974&#46;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>07&#46;571<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">191&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;990<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;153<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab165475.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Statistical significance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; is shown on comparing infected or treated samples versus the native ones&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes in INF-&#947;&#44; IL-4 and IgE levels in male albino rats inhaled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> mite faeces and treated with garlic&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed are mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SE of ten samples&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Neutrophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eosinophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Basophils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lymphocytes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Monocytes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Native&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Faeces&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Garlic and faeces&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;578<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;333<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab165477.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Statistical significance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41; is shown on comparing infected or treated samples versus the native ones&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes in differential leukocyte counts in male albino rats inhaled with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> mite faeces and treated with garlic&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Medical botany&#58; plants affecting human health"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Lewis"
                            1 => "M&#46; Elvin-Lewis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "2nd ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "editorial" => "Wiley"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Wichtl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "3rd ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "editorial" => "CRC Press"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Boca Raton&#44; FL"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "K&#46;C&#46; Agarwal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199601)16:1<111::AID-MED4>3.0.CO;2-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Res Rev"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "111"
                        "paginaFinal" => "124"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8788216"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary asthma prevention&#58; is it possible&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Becker"
                            1 => "M&#46; Chan-Yeung"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "255"
                        "paginaFinal" => "261"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18589845"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of serum IgE to storage mites in a southwestern Ohio population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Yadav"
                            1 => "B&#46;L&#46; Elder"
                            2 => "M&#46;S&#46; Morgan"
                            3 => "D&#46;L&#46; Vyszenski-Moher"
                            4 => "L&#46;G&#46; Arlian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61248-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "96"
                        "paginaInicial" => "356"
                        "paginaFinal" => "362"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16498860"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The mites of stored food and houses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Hughes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Tech Bull Minist Agric Fish Food"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "400"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Moisture gains&#44; losses and equilibria of flour mites&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus siro</span> L&#46;&#44; in comparison with larger arthropods"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Solomon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ent Exp Appl"
                        "fecha" => "1966"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "41"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Health and safety issues related to mites in stored grain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;B&#46; Halliday"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Stored grain in Australia&#46; Proceedings of the Australian postharvest technical conference Canberra"
                        "paginaInicial" => "25"
                        "paginaFinal" => "27"
                        "serieFecha" => "2003"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "W&#46;W&#46; Busse"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Lemanske"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200102013440507"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "344"
                        "paginaInicial" => "350"
                        "paginaFinal" => "362"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Airway remodeling and persistent airway obstruction in asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Fish"
                            1 => "S&#46;P&#46; Peters"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "509"
                        "paginaFinal" => "516"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10482819"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "In vitro basophile histamine-releasing activity of circulating IgG1 and IgG4 auto anti-IgE antibodies from asthma patients and the demonstration that anti-IgE modulates allergen-induced basophil activation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Shakib"
                            1 => "S&#46;J&#46; Smith"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Allergy"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "270"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Components of airway hyper responsiveness and their associations with inflammation and remodeling in mice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "D&#46;S&#46; Southam"
                            1 => "R&#46; Ellis"
                            2 => "J&#46; Wattie"
                            3 => "M&#46;D&#46; Inman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.623"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "119"
                        "paginaInicial" => "848"
                        "paginaFinal" => "854"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17321577"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "TH1 and TH2 CD4<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> cells in human allergic diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;T&#46; Umetsu"
                            1 => "R&#46;H&#46; Dekruyff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9257779"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The acarofuana of House dust in upper Egypt"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46;I&#46; Schoker"
                            1 => "B&#46;K&#46; Abu El-Hussien"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Union Arab Biologists Cairo"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "362"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "In vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida species from Nigeria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "B&#46;A&#46; Iwalokun"
                            1 => "A&#46; Ogunledun"
                            2 => "D&#46;O&#46; Ogbolu"
                            3 => "S&#46;B&#46; Bamiro"
                            4 => "J&#46; Jimi-Omojola"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Food"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "327"
                        "paginaFinal" => "333"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of garlic extract on locomotor activity of male mice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Jamaan"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Ajarem"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J King Saud Univ"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "155"
                        "paginaFinal" => "159"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stress and the distribution of leukocytes in red-spotted newts&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Notophthalamus viridescens</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Benett"
                            1 => "K&#46; Daigle"
                            2 => "Temperature"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Comp Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "153"
                        "paginaInicial" => "81"
                        "paginaFinal" => "83"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bakers&#8217; asthma&#58; development and possibility for treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Thiel"
                            1 => "W&#46;T&#46; Ulmer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "400"
                        "paginaFinal" => "405"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773723"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Allergic respiratory disease in grain workers&#58; the role of storage mites"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Blainey"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Topping"
                            2 => "S&#46; Ollier"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Davies"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "84"
                        "paginaInicial" => "296"
                        "paginaFinal" => "303"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2778235"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Three-dimensional distribution and sampling indices of insects and mites in horizontally-stored wheat"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;G&#46; Athanassiou"
                            1 => "N&#46;G&#46; Kavallieratos"
                            2 => "N&#46;E&#46; Palyvos"
                            3 => "C&#46;T&#46; Buchelos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Appl Entomol Zool"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "413"
                        "paginaFinal" => "426"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Development and survival of the cheese mites&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acarus farris</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tyrophagus neiswanderi</span> &#40;Acari&#58; Acaridae&#41;&#44; at constant temperatures and 90&#37; relative humidity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Sanchez-Ramos"
                            1 => "F&#46; Alavarez-Alfageme"
                            2 => "P&#46; Castanera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Stored Product Res"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "64"
                        "paginaFinal" => "72"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Temperature-dependent population growth of three species of stored product mites &#40;Acari&#58; Acaridida&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Gamila"
                            1 => "S&#46; Vaclav"
                            2 => "P&#46; Stano"
                            3 => "H&#46; Jan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10493-007-9074-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Exp Appl Acarol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
                        "paginaFinal" => "46"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17479350"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Population dynamics of stored-product mites"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;N&#46; Sinha"
                            1 => "H&#46;A&#46;H&#46; Wallace"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Oecologia"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "315"
                        "paginaFinal" => "327"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms&#58; the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood &#40;ISAAC&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "ISAAC"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "315"
                        "paginaFinal" => "335"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles can induce sensitization to a aeroallergen in the human mucosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Diaz-Sanchez"
                            1 => "M&#46;P&#46; Garcia"
                            2 => "M&#46; Wang"
                            3 => "M&#46; Jyrala"
                            4 => "A&#46; Saxon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1183"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1188"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588999"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intranasal exposure of mice to house dust mite elicits allergic airway inflammation via a GM-CSF-mediated mechanism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;C&#46; Cates"
                            1 => "R&#46; Fattouh"
                            2 => "J&#46; Wattie"
                            3 => "M&#46;D&#46; Inman"
                            4 => "S&#46; Goncharova"
                            5 => "A&#46;J&#46; Coyle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "173"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6384"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6392"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528378"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Wan"
                            1 => "H&#46;L&#46; Winton"
                            2 => "C&#46; Soeller"
                            3 => "G&#46;W&#46; Taylor"
                            4 => "D&#46;C&#46; Gruenert"
                            5 => "P&#46;J&#46; Thompson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Allergy"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "279"
                        "paginaFinal" => "294"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251630"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Wan"
                            1 => "H&#46;L&#46; Winton"
                            2 => "C&#46; Soeller"
                            3 => "E&#46;R&#46; Tovey"
                            4 => "D&#46;C&#46; Gruenert"
                            5 => "P&#46;J&#46; Thompson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1172/JCI5844"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "123"
                        "paginaFinal" => "133"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10393706"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of mast cells in anaphylaxis&#46; Evidence for the importance of mast cells in the cardiopulmonary alterations and death induced by anti-IgE in mice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "T&#46;R&#46; Martin"
                            1 => "S&#46;J&#46; Galli"
                            2 => "I&#46;M&#46; Katona"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Drazen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1172/JCI114025"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1375"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1383"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2784802"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Food allergy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46;A&#46; Sampson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "278"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1888"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1894"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9396650"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Histamine receptor H4 activation positively regulates in vivo IL-4 and IFN-&#947; production by invariant natural killer T cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Leite-de-Moraes"
                            1 => "S&#46; Diem"
                            2 => "M&#46;L&#46; Michel"
                            3 => "H&#46; Ohtsu"
                            4 => "R&#46;L&#46; Thurmond"
                            5 => "E&#46; Schneider"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "182"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1233"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1236"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19155466"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Der p I&#44; a major allergen of the house dust mite&#44; proteolytically cleaves the low-affinity receptor for human IgE &#40;CD23&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Schulz"
                            1 => "P&#46; Laing"
                            2 => "H&#46;F&#46; Sewell"
                            3 => "F&#46; Shakib"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/eji.1830251131"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3191"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3194"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7489763"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Human T cell subset commitment determined by the intrinsic property of antigen&#58; the proteolytic activity of the major mite allergen Der p 1 conditions T cells to produce more IL-4 and less IFN-gamma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Ghaemmaghami"
                            1 => "A&#46; Robins"
                            2 => "L&#46; Gough"
                            3 => "H&#46;F&#46; Sewell"
                            4 => "F&#46; Shakib"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/1521-4141(200104)31:4&#60;1211::AID-IMMU1211&#62;3.0.CO;2-R"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1211"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1216"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11298346"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Interaction of mite allergens Der p3 and Der p9 with protease-activated receptor-2 expressed by lung epithelial cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Sun"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Stacey"
                            2 => "M&#46; Schmidt"
                            3 => "L&#46; Mori"
                            4 => "S&#46; Mattoli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "167"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1014"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1021"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441110"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Analysis of IL-4 mRNA level by RT-PCR and association with IgE production in different rat strains"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Tavakkol"
                            1 => "I&#46;V&#46; Hutchinson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "IJBMS"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "12"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produces a decrease in IFN-gamma and increase in IL-4 when administrated to healthy donors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Cort&#233;s"
                            1 => "J&#46; Vela-Ojeda"
                            2 => "R&#46; L&#243;pez-Santiago"
                            3 => "L&#46; Montiel-Cervantes"
                            4 => "E&#46; Reyes-Maldonado"
                            5 => "I&#46; Estrada-Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jca.20234"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Apher"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "181"
                        "paginaFinal" => "187"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20818712"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New paradigms in basophil development&#44; regulation and function"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Siracusa"
                            1 => "J&#46;G&#46; Perrigoue"
                            2 => "M&#46;R&#46; Comeau"
                            3 => "D&#46; Artis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/icb.2010.1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Immunol Cell Biol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "275"
                        "paginaFinal" => "284"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20125116"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Basophils contribute to T&#40;H&#41;2-IgE responses in vivo via IL-4 production and presentation of peptide-MHC class II complexes to CD4<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span> T cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Yoshimoto"
                            1 => "K&#46; Yasuda"
                            2 => "H&#46; Tanaka"
                            3 => "M&#46; Nakahira"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Imai"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Fujimori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/ni.1737"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "706"
                        "paginaFinal" => "712"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465908"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lyn kinase controls basophil GATA-3 transcription factor expression and induction of Th2 cell differentiation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Charles"
                            1 => "W&#46;T&#46; Watford"
                            2 => "H&#46;L&#46; Ramos"
                            3 => "L&#46; Hellman"
                            4 => "H&#46;C&#46; Oettgen"
                            5 => "G&#46; Gomez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.immuni.2009.02.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Immunity"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "533"
                        "paginaFinal" => "543"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362019"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Complementary and alternative interventions in asthma&#44; allergy&#44; and immunology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Bielory"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "45"
                        "paginaFinal" => "54"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "identificador" => "xack31878"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgement"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I thank Prof&#46; Dr&#46; El-Feki M&#46; A&#46; &#40;Zoology Department&#44; Faculty of Science&#44; El-Minia University&#44; El-Minia&#44; Egypt&#41; for revising the manuscript&#46; I also thank Dr&#46; Shaban H&#46; A&#46; &#40;Zoology Department&#44; Faculty of Science&#44; El-Minia University&#44; El-Minia&#44; Egypt&#41; for his efforts in data analysis&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001522/v1_201304101107/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "5554"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03010546/0000004000000003/v1_201304101107/S0301054611001522/v1_201304101107/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611001522?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 03010546
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.aller.2011.03.005

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	10	0	10
2024 October	57	9	66
2024 September	80	9	89
2024 August	77	7	84
2024 July	74	12	86
2024 June	67	6	73
2024 May	77	3	80
2024 April	86	6	92
2024 March	119	7	126
2024 February	105	11	116
2024 January	155	5	160
2023 December	106	4	110
2023 November	157	4	161
2023 October	166	9	175
2023 September	126	22	148
2023 August	120	9	129
2023 July	138	8	146
2023 June	120	9	129
2023 May	163	11	174
2023 April	172	1	173
2023 March	135	7	142
2023 February	119	5	124
2023 January	87	2	89
2022 December	72	11	83
2022 November	98	16	114
2022 October	94	12	106
2022 September	72	14	86
2022 August	86	14	100
2022 July	56	12	68
2022 June	57	20	77
2022 May	96	22	118
2022 April	87	11	98
2022 March	73	11	84
2022 February	68	8	76
2022 January	104	12	116
2021 December	61	8	69
2021 November	67	14	81
2021 October	85	7	92
2021 September	61	19	80
2021 August	56	8	64
2021 July	40	10	50
2021 June	30	21	51
2021 May	54	12	66
2021 April	105	12	117
2021 March	69	16	85
2021 February	42	25	67
2021 January	38	12	50
2020 December	5	1	6
2020 November	0	2	2
2020 October	0	3	3
2020 September	0	5	5
2020 August	0	1	1
2020 July	0	1	1
2020 June	0	1	1
2020 May	0	2	2
2020 April	0	2	2
2020 March	0	1	1
2020 February	0	1	1
2020 January	0	1	1
2019 December	0	3	3
2019 November	0	3	3
2019 October	0	4	4
2019 September	0	4	4
2019 July	0	4	4
2019 June	0	7	7
2019 May	0	20	20
2019 April	0	6	6
2019 March	0	1	1
2019 February	0	3	3
2019 January	0	3	3
2018 February	8	0	8
2018 January	17	0	17
2017 December	13	4	17
2017 November	21	4	25
2017 October	13	3	16
2017 September	25	27	52
2017 August	18	3	21
2017 July	8	8	16
2017 June	30	15	45
2017 May	47	4	51
2017 April	19	2	21
2017 March	16	28	44
2017 February	22	1	23
2017 January	27	2	29
2016 December	28	2	30
2016 November	19	0	19
2016 October	30	8	38
2016 September	22	9	31
2016 August	26	9	35
2016 July	14	7	21
2016 June	23	7	30
2016 May	6	6	12
2016 April	23	23	46
2016 March	17	14	31
2016 February	12	14	26
2016 January	16	18	34
2015 December	13	12	25
2015 November	22	13	35
2015 October	20	17	37
2015 September	22	8	30
2015 August	35	7	42
2015 July	36	4	40
2015 June	15	1	16
2015 May	13	2	15
2015 April	23	6	29
2015 March	11	0	11
2015 February	15	3	18
2015 January	22	4	26
2014 December	21	3	24
2014 November	21	4	25
2014 October	30	6	36
2014 September	36	3	39
2014 August	32	2	34
2014 July	28	1	29
2014 June	21	1	22
2014 May	15	1	16
2014 April	13	1	14
2014 March	49	8	57
2014 February	69	6	75
2014 January	55	8	63
2013 December	89	3	92
2013 November	84	7	91
2013 October	102	8	110
2013 September	72	3	75
2013 August	92	14	106
2013 July	76	9	85
2013 June	34	2	36
2013 May	51	5	56
2013 April	28	9	37
2013 March	27	8	35
2013 February	18	6	24
2013 January	8	2	10
2012 December	9	1	10
2012 November	4	6	10
2012 October	2	4	6
2012 September	3	2	5
2012 April	623	0	623

Show all

Allergologia et Immunopathologia is no longer published on Elsevier since the 2021 year.Transferred to Codon Publications

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Allergologia et Immunopathologia is no longer published on Elsevier since the 2021 year.Transferred to Codon Publications

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter