Original article
Change of mean platelet volume values in asthmatic children as an inflammatory marker
T. Tuncel
, P. Uysal, A.B. Hocaoglu, D.O. Erge, O. Karaman, N. Uzuner
Corresponding author
Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
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Manso, M. Reche, M.A. Padial, T. Valbuena, C. Pascual" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Manso" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Reche" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Padial" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Valbuena" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Pascual" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611003612?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000002/v1_201304101104/S0301054611003612/v1_201304101104/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0301054611003594" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2011.11.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-03-01" "aid" => "348" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2012;40:100-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2521 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 10 "HTML" => 2150 "PDF" => 361 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Effect of high dose inhaled corticosteroids on cell mediated immunity in patients with asthma" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "100" "paginaFinal" => "103" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Lee, W.B. Klaustermeyer" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Lee" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "W.B." "apellidos" => "Klaustermeyer" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054611003594?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004000000002/v1_201304101104/S0301054611003594/v1_201304101104/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Change of mean platelet volume values in asthmatic children as an inflammatory marker" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "104" "paginaFinal" => "107" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "T. Tuncel, P. Uysal, A.B. Hocaoglu, D.O. Erge, O. Karaman, N. Uzuner" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Tuncel" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "tuba.tuncel@deu.edu.tr" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Uysal" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.B." "apellidos" => "Hocaoglu" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.O." "apellidos" => "Erge" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "Karaman" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Uzuner" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asthma is a worldwide problem with an estimated 300 million affected individuals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The prevalence of asthma is increasing, especially in children and it is the most common chronic disease of childhood in industrialised countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which involves several inflammatory cells and multiple mediators resulting in characteristic pathophysiological changes. Inflammatory cells such as mast cells, Th2 cells and eosinophils are defined well in the asthmatic airway. Platelet activation was demonstrated in asthma for a number of years. Clinical evidence has been supplemented with experimental data that platelets are important components of the inflammatory response. Activated platelets secrete multiple inflammatory factors such as chemokines, cytokines and coagulation factors and thus enhance the aggregation, adhesion, and thrombus formation. The induction of inflammatory mediators by activated platelets enhances also the recruitment of leukocytes including eosinophils, monocytes and neutrophils via platelet P-selectin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Platelets’ volume increases when platelets become activated. Larger platelets contain more dense granules and have higher thrombotic potential and are able to induct the inflammation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) reflects the platelet size. Platelet size is correlated with platelet function and activation. Therefore higher MPV levels predict platelet activity and thus intensity of inflammation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> There is a lot of evidence showing that platelets play a role in both allergic and non-allergic inflammatory conditions. Changes of MPV values have been studied in many chronic inflammatory disease<span class="elsevierStyleBold">s</span>. Increased MPV values are related to some chronic inflammatory conditions such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a> To the best of our knowledge, there is no study evaluating the relationship between asthma and MPV. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the inflammatory response affects MPV values in childhood asthma.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Case records of the Pediatric Allergy Department of Dokuz Eylul University Hospital for the period January 2007 to June 2009 were screened for patients diagnosed with asthma retrospectively. Only complete blood count (CBC) values obtained from patients both during an asthmatic attack and during the asymptomatic period were included in the study. The demographical data of patients were extracted from the patient data system. Laboratory data were screened via hospital's computerised patient database. Sex- and age-matched healthy children who visited the “well-child outpatient clinic” for routine controls and who did not have any chronic illnesses constituted the control group. The CBC parameters of control group were also obtained from the same hospital computerised database.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CBC analyses were performed by the Coulter analyser, which was checked every month by the central laboratory. Blood samples were collected in standard tubes, which contained EDTA. The reference values for MPV ranged between 7.0 and 11.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>fL.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical Analyses</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were evaluated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 13.0 (SPSS for Windows 13.0, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and by analysing descriptive statistics (means, standard deviation), comparing the means of quantitative data for dual groups using the Student <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test and paired <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test, chi square test. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the association between MPV and other laboratory values. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05 was considered as significant. Data were expressed as the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation (SD).</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 55 boys and 45 girls in the asthmatic group, while the healthy control group was of 22 boys and 27 girls. The mean age of the asthma patients was 8.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.3, while that of the controls was 9.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.6 years. No significant difference was found between asthmatic patients and the control group in terms of age (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.078) and gender (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.991). Clinical characteristics of the asthmatic children are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mean platelet volume values of asthmatic children during an asthmatic attack and during the asymptomatic period were compared with MPV values of healthy children. Comparison of MPV values in asthmatic patients and healthy controls both in an acute asthmatic attack (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.434) and asymptomatic period had no statistically significant difference (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.110). Comparison of MPV values in asthmatic patients in an asthmatic attack and in the asymptomatic period also had no statistically significant difference (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.755) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of atopy, infection, eosinophilia, elevated IgE, severity of asthmatic exacerbation did not influence MPV values (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study demonstrated that MPV values in asthmatic children both during an asthmatic attack and during the asymptomatic period had no statistically significant difference compared to the healthy control group. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between mean MPV values in asthma exacerbation and asymptomatic period.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The function of platelets is well known in haemostasis but also platelets are fully functional cells concurrently with haemostasis. Platelets have the ability to undergo chemotaxis, releasing various important mediators, expressing adhesion molecules on their surface and becoming activated in response to mediators released by other cells. Experimental evidence suggested that platelets have a role in each stage of asthma pathogenesis in development of bronchoconstruction, airway inflammation, airway remodelling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It is shown that platelet factor-4 and β-thromboglobulin levels as indicators of platelet activation increased in symptomatic atopic asthmatics platelets.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a> Platelets of asthmatic patients respond to thrombin or platelet activating factor challenge by expressing higher amounts of P-selectin on their surface compared to healthy individuals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> P-selectin expressing platelets prime eosinophil adhesion to the endothelium in atopic asthmatics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Moreover, a larger proportion of platelets expressed the high affinity receptor for IgE in asthmatic subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In the light of this evidence, platelet activation may be an important component of atopic and non-atopic asthma, especially in an asthmatic attack.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mean platelet volume values reflect the platelet size. Platelet size is determined at the level of progenitor cell (i.e. the megakaryocyte). Some studies reported that cytokines such as interleukin 3 (IL-3) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) influence megakaryocyte ploidy and can lead to the production of more reactive, larger platelets.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,14</span></a> IL-6 and IL-3 are the cytokines that are produced by Th2 cells.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies were designed about MPV values in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as FMF, ulcerative colitis, Chron's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondilitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span></a> These studies suggested that MPV values were increased in FMF and decreased in the other diseases. Furthermore, it was suggested that increased MPV values are predictors of early atherosclerosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> In many chronic inflammatory conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis were related to enhanced risk of atherosclerosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18–20</span></a> There were conflicting results in the association of asthma and atherosclerosis. Although some studies suggested that asthma enhanced the risk of atherosclerosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> others found speculative results about the association of asthma and atherosclerosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22,23</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the current study we evaluated the relationship between asthma and MPV values. We suggested that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder and platelets have a role in asthma. If MPV value is an indicator of inflammation, increased MPV values may be associated with asthma. However we could not find any difference in MPV values of asthmatics both in acute asthma and asymptomatic period. The limitation of our study is its retrospective design. Prospective studies performed in larger asthmatic populations may obtain further data about MPV values in asthma.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres86090" "titulo" => array:6 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Background" 2 => "Objective" 3 => "Methods" 4 => "Results" 5 => "Conclusion" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec74254" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Statistical Analyses" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 7 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-01-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-03-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec74254" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Asthma" 1 => "Children" 2 => "Inflammation" 3 => "Mean platelet volume" 4 => "Platelets" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood in industrialised countries. T helper-2 (Th-2) cells, mast cells and eosinophils have a role in inflammation of asthma. Recently it was shown that platelets also play a role in asthma. Mean platelet volume shows platelet size and reflects platelet activation.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate levels of mean platelet volume in asthmatic patients during asymptomatic periods and exacerbations compared with healthy controls.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study consisted of 100 asthmatic patients (male/female: 55/45, mean age: 8.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.3) and 49 age and sex matched healthy children as a control group.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean platelet volume values of asthmatic patients during asymptomatic period were 7.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>fL while mean platelet volume values in asthmatics during exacerbation were 7.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>fL. Comparison of mean platelet volume values of asthmatic patients and healthy controls both in acute asthmatic attack and asymptomatic period showed no difference (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05). Comparison of mean platelet volume values at asthmatic attack and asymptomatic period also had no difference (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05). The presence of atopy, infection, eosinophilia, elevated immunoglobulin E, and severity of acute asthmatic attack did not influence mean platelet volume values.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of our study suggest that mean platelet volume values may not be used as a marker in bronchial asthma, although prospective studies with larger number of patients are needed to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume in asthma.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Demographical data \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthmatic patients (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender (M/F) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55/45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.3 (2.5–16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Disease duration (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 (1–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total eosinophil count (/mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">372<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>395 (0–1800) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Immunoglobulin E level (IU/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">356<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>537 (5–2982) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prick test positivity (+/−) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49/51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Asthma attack (/year) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.36(1–7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Immunotherapy(+/−) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10/90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab165436.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical characteristics of asthmatic children.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Plt, platelet; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, haemoglobin; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Acute asthma attack \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Attack-free period \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Healthy controls \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1–2 p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2–3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1–3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MPV(fL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Plt (×10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>/μL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">332.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>68.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">322.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">310.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>68.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">WBC(×10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>/μL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hb (g/dL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CRP (mg/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab165437.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">WBC counts are statistically significantly different between asthmatic attack and attack-free period and between asthmatic attack and healthy controls.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">CRP levels between asthmatic attack and attack-free period in asthmatic children are statistically significantly different.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of laboratory parameters between patients during asthma attack (group 1), attack-free period (group 2) and healthy controls (group 3).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA); 2008 (update), available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ginasthma.org/">http://www.ginasthma.org</a>." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of asthma in childhood: a Practall consensus report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.B. Bacharier" 1 => "A. Boner" 2 => "K.H. Carlsen" 3 => "P.A. Eigenmann" 4 => "T. Frischer" 5 => "M. Götz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01640.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "5" "paginaFinal" => "34" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339040" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Platelet activation in asthma: integral to the inflammatory response" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.C. Pitchford" 1 => "C.P. Page" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02462.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Allergy" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "399" "paginaFinal" => "401" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16630144" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Platelet size: measurement, physiology and vascular disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.M. Bath" 1 => "R.J. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2024 October | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2024 September | 46 | 25 | 71 |
| 2024 August | 34 | 10 | 44 |
| 2024 July | 46 | 13 | 59 |
| 2024 June | 41 | 9 | 50 |
| 2024 May | 41 | 12 | 53 |
| 2024 April | 37 | 8 | 45 |
| 2024 March | 46 | 7 | 53 |
| 2024 February | 55 | 8 | 63 |
| 2024 January | 77 | 10 | 87 |
| 2023 December | 50 | 7 | 57 |
| 2023 November | 49 | 10 | 59 |
| 2023 October | 84 | 16 | 100 |
| 2023 September | 57 | 11 | 68 |
| 2023 August | 50 | 7 | 57 |
| 2023 July | 69 | 4 | 73 |
| 2023 June | 65 | 3 | 68 |
| 2023 May | 99 | 9 | 108 |
| 2023 April | 65 | 3 | 68 |
| 2023 March | 46 | 6 | 52 |
| 2023 February | 32 | 4 | 36 |
| 2023 January | 36 | 7 | 43 |
| 2022 December | 32 | 8 | 40 |
| 2022 November | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2022 October | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2022 September | 36 | 12 | 48 |
| 2022 August | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2022 July | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2022 June | 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 2022 May | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2022 April | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2022 March | 20 | 19 | 39 |
| 2022 February | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2022 January | 18 | 6 | 24 |
| 2021 December | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2021 November | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2021 October | 16 | 16 | 32 |
| 2021 September | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2021 August | 6 | 21 | 27 |
| 2021 July | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2021 June | 12 | 19 | 31 |
| 2021 May | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2021 April | 27 | 39 | 66 |
| 2021 March | 12 | 18 | 30 |
| 2021 February | 9 | 29 | 38 |
| 2021 January | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2020 December | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2020 November | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2020 October | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2020 September | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 August | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2020 July | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2020 June | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 May | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2020 April | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2020 March | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2020 February | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 13 | 13 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 September | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 August | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 24 | 24 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 44 | 44 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 16 | 16 |
| 2019 March | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2019 February | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 January | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2018 December | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2018 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 January | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2017 December | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2017 November | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 October | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2017 August | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2017 July | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2017 June | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2017 May | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2017 April | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2017 March | 13 | 21 | 34 |
| 2017 February | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2017 January | 17 | 2 | 19 |
| 2016 December | 12 | 7 | 19 |
| 2016 November | 19 | 2 | 21 |
| 2016 October | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2016 September | 41 | 18 | 59 |
| 2016 August | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2016 July | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2016 June | 16 | 5 | 21 |
| 2016 May | 16 | 6 | 22 |
| 2016 April | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2016 March | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2016 February | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2016 January | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2015 December | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2015 November | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2015 October | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2015 September | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2015 August | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2015 July | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2015 June | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2015 May | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2015 April | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2015 March | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2015 February | 7 | 13 | 20 |
| 2015 January | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2014 December | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2014 November | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2014 October | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2014 September | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2014 August | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2014 July | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2014 June | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2014 May | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2014 April | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2014 March | 93 | 16 | 109 |
| 2014 February | 93 | 7 | 100 |
| 2014 January | 58 | 11 | 69 |
| 2013 December | 58 | 14 | 72 |
| 2013 November | 40 | 5 | 45 |
| 2013 October | 56 | 6 | 62 |
| 2013 September | 57 | 12 | 69 |
| 2013 August | 43 | 10 | 53 |
| 2013 July | 57 | 9 | 66 |
| 2013 June | 28 | 3 | 31 |
| 2013 May | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| 2013 April | 19 | 10 | 29 |
| 2013 March | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2013 February | 17 | 6 | 23 |
| 2013 January | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2012 December | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2012 November | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2012 October | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2012 September | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2012 March | 499 | 0 | 499 |
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