Research letter
Anaphylaxis to olive fruit due to lipoprotein sensitization
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Arikan-Ayyildiz, F. Akgül, Ş. Yılmaz, D. Özdemir, N. Uzuner" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Z." "apellidos" => "Arikan-Ayyildiz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Akgül" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ş." "apellidos" => "Yılmaz" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Özdemir" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." 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"apellidos" => "Alvarez-Eire" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "Marimar.Garcia.Alvarez-Eire@sergas.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Pineda de la Losa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Varela Losada" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "González de la Cuesta" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Ricardo Palacios" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Allergology Unit, Ourense Hospital Complex, Ourense, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Diater Laboratories, R&D, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1126 "Ancho" => 1260 "Tamanyo" => 84138 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SDS PAGE: Lane 1, lipophilic fraction from olive fruit. IgE-immunoblotting: Lane 1, patient's serum. Lane 2: atopic serum.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The olive tree (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Olea europeae</span>) belongs to the oleaceae family, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean. The olive is a small, large-pitted, firm fruit of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Olea Europaea</span> and is a major component of the agriculture and gastronomy throughout Mediterranean countries. That is the reason why olive pollen is a very important cause of respiratory allergic reactions in this area.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Olive fruit is also used as the raw material to obtain olive oil, which has been implicated in allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic airway disease due to inhalation of olive particles.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, food allergy due to olive fruit is a rare pathology described in the literature, despite widespread consumption.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with a history of house dust mite allergic rhinitis and asthma treated with sublingual immunotherapy. When she was 16 years old, a left lung pneumonectomy was carried out, because a benign endobronchial tumour was found. After surgery no more lesions were detected.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Last year, the patient reported three episodes of oropharynx and palms itching, cough and dyspnoea, a few minutes after eating a snack with onion, gherkin, red pepper and olive. These symptoms subsided with b2-agonists and antihistamines some hours later. She did not have a history of food allergy and tolerated other foods.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed with a battery of common aeroallergens (dust mites, dog and cat epithelium, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alternaria alternata</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Plantago lanceolata</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parietaria judaica</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cupressus arizonica</span>, latex, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lolium perenne</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Olea europea</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Betula verrucosa</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pinus radiata</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Platanus acerifolia</span>) and different foods. Prick-by-prick with the fresh food implicated in the allergic reaction (onion, gherkin, red pepper and olive) was also done.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Skin prick tests were positive to different mites (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. pteronyssinus</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L. destructor</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. putrescentiae</span>) and negative to pollens (including olive pollen). Prick-by-prick with olive fruit (raw material<span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">)</span> gave a positive result with a wheal of 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm, and the patient suffered a general skin itching that improved with antihistamines. Five control subjects showed a negative test with olive fruit.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the patient suffered allergic reactions after olive fruit ingestion, she avoided olive oil for cooking at home and in restaurants, but she did not remember any problem with it. Prick-by-prick with olive oil was 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and the patient felt general itching.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total and specific IgE to aeroallergens, including olive pollen, and different food allergens (olive fruit included), were determined with the enzymatic method (Pharmacia Immuno-Cap System, Uppsala, Sweden).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total IgE was 2534<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kU/L and specific IgE ((Pharmacia Immuno-Cap System, Uppsala, Sweden) was >100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kU/L to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D. pteronyssinus</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L. destructor</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T. putrescentiae</span> and negative to pollens and foods.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting with the patient's serum was also carried out.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Proteins from the water-soluble fraction and oil body fraction were transferred to a PVDF membrane to analyse them with the above-mentioned analytical technique (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>). The proteins were obtained by olives ground with glycerol/phosphate saline buffer and extracted using Chloroform/Methanol prior to using acetone solvent.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunoblotting with the patient's serum revealed different IgE-binding bands with 14.4, 20.1, 30 and 45 molecular weights, detected in the lipid-soluble fraction isolated from olive fruit. No IgE-binding bands were detected in the water-soluble fraction.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most abundant oil body-associated proteins belong to the oleosin family, and much of the oil body surface may be covered by oleosin. Oleosins are alkaline proteins of 15–30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Olive pollen is one of the most important causes of respiratory allergy in the Mediterranean area. The patients, who suffer from olive pollinosis, can simultaneously present allergy to vegetable foods like peach, pear, kiwi, melon and nut, due to cross-reacting proteins. Ole e7 has been associated with fruit anaphylaxis and anti-profilin IgE was detected in 90% of patients with oral syndrome. Recently a new pollen-food syndrome (olive-olive) has been reported, in a patient with olive pollinosis and food allergy to olive fruit with a positive result in prick-test and specific IgE with CAP system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Olive oil has been frequently implicated in allergic contact urticaria or dermatitis. Most patients are sensitized by topical treatments and only few cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis have been described in pedicurist, masseur, pizza maker and beautician.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–4</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite widespread consumption, olive fruit only uncommonly induces food allergy. Previously two cases of olive fruit allergy without pollinosis and good tolerance of olive oil have been reported, where specific IgE to olive fruit has been found with CAP system or immunoblotting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only one olive fruit allergen has been sequenced, two years ago. It was a 23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa allergen which showed homology to allergenic thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) from plant foods and pollen, implicated in a case of occupational rhinitis and asthma due to the inhalation of particles from olive oil in an olive-oil mill worker.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe a patient without pollen allergy who suffered anaphylactic reactions after olive fruit eating, where the skin prick test and immunoblotting suggest an IgE-mediated food allergy maybe caused by lipoproteins from olive fruit. Immunoblotting with the patient's serum revealed different IgE-binding bands with 14.4, 20.1, 30 and 45 molecular weights, detected in the lipid-soluble fraction isolated from olive fruit. No IgE-binding bands were detected in the water-soluble fraction, and that is perhaps the reason why specific IgE with CAP system was negative.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most plant food allergens belong to a few protein families and superfamilies and new families of storage and structural proteins have been added in the last years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Recently peanut and sesame oleosins have been suggested as new allergens. Oleosins are proteins of 16–24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa that represent the protein components of plant lipid storage bodies called oil bodies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> Olives are high in monounsaturated fat, and maybe oleosins are presented in oil bodies fractions from these fruits. For that reason we consider our patient to be sensitized to this protein subfamily among others (most allergens are obtained through hydrosoluble methods, which remove the lipid derivates from the allergenic extract).</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These proteins have never been tested before because of their unknown allergenic properties, which are as relevant as hydrosoluble proteins.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, the possibility of lipoprotein sensitization to olive fruit and other vegetable foods must be taken into consideration, especially in food allergy when specific IgE with CAP system is not found.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1126 "Ancho" => 1260 "Tamanyo" => 84138 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SDS PAGE: Lane 1, lipophilic fraction from olive fruit. IgE-immunoblotting: Lane 1, patient's serum. Lane 2: atopic serum.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Food allergy due to olive" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Ünsel" 1 => "Ö. Ardeniz" 2 => "N. Mete" 3 => "R. Ersoy" 4 => "A.Z. Sin" 5 => "O. 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| 2023 March | 345 | 6 | 351 |
| 2023 February | 302 | 12 | 314 |
| 2023 January | 264 | 10 | 274 |
| 2022 December | 199 | 17 | 216 |
| 2022 November | 295 | 15 | 310 |
| 2022 October | 249 | 16 | 265 |
| 2022 September | 219 | 19 | 238 |
| 2022 August | 181 | 8 | 189 |
| 2022 July | 197 | 9 | 206 |
| 2022 June | 174 | 17 | 191 |
| 2022 May | 166 | 19 | 185 |
| 2022 April | 143 | 9 | 152 |
| 2022 March | 144 | 20 | 164 |
| 2022 February | 83 | 24 | 107 |
| 2022 January | 94 | 27 | 121 |
| 2021 December | 56 | 26 | 82 |
| 2021 November | 86 | 22 | 108 |
| 2021 October | 60 | 30 | 90 |
| 2021 September | 49 | 35 | 84 |
| 2021 August | 37 | 27 | 64 |
| 2021 July | 42 | 24 | 66 |
| 2021 June | 35 | 21 | 56 |
| 2021 May | 29 | 31 | 60 |
| 2021 April | 65 | 34 | 99 |
| 2021 March | 24 | 99 | 123 |
| 2021 February | 10 | 31 | 41 |
| 2021 January | 11 | 27 | 38 |
| 2020 December | 1 | 300 | 301 |
| 2020 November | 0 | 22 | 22 |
| 2020 October | 0 | 25 | 25 |
| 2020 September | 0 | 13 | 13 |
| 2020 August | 0 | 18 | 18 |
| 2020 July | 0 | 14 | 14 |
| 2020 June | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2020 May | 0 | 17 | 17 |
| 2020 April | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2020 March | 0 | 13 | 13 |
| 2020 February | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 14 | 14 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 14 | 14 |
| 2019 October | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| 2019 September | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2019 August | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 16 | 16 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2018 December | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 August | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 May | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 February | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2018 January | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 2017 December | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2017 November | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2017 October | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2017 September | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2017 August | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2017 July | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2017 June | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2017 May | 25 | 15 | 40 |
| 2017 April | 22 | 7 | 29 |
| 2017 March | 17 | 72 | 89 |
| 2017 February | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| 2017 January | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2016 December | 20 | 2 | 22 |
| 2016 November | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2016 October | 37 | 4 | 41 |
| 2016 September | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2016 August | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2016 July | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2016 June | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2016 May | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2016 April | 16 | 15 | 31 |
| 2016 March | 17 | 16 | 33 |
| 2016 February | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2016 January | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| 2015 December | 20 | 12 | 32 |
| 2015 November | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2015 October | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2015 September | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2015 August | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2015 July | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2015 June | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 May | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2015 April | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2015 March | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2015 February | 15 | 1 | 16 |
| 2015 January | 24 | 6 | 30 |
| 2014 December | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2014 November | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2014 October | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2014 September | 19 | 4 | 23 |
| 2014 August | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2014 July | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2014 June | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| 2014 May | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2014 April | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2014 March | 64 | 10 | 74 |
| 2014 February | 51 | 7 | 58 |
| 2014 January | 44 | 8 | 52 |
| 2013 December | 54 | 10 | 64 |
| 2013 November | 37 | 5 | 42 |
| 2013 October | 45 | 4 | 49 |
| 2013 September | 42 | 6 | 48 |
| 2013 August | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2013 July | 33 | 10 | 43 |
| 2013 June | 26 | 1 | 27 |
| 2013 May | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2013 April | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2013 March | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2013 February | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2013 January | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2012 December | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2012 November | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2012 October | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2012 September | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2012 April | 225 | 0 | 225 |
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