Editorial
Mediterranean diet as a protection against asthma: Still another brick in building a causative association
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array:22 [ "pii" => "S0301054616300015" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2016.02.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-03-01" "aid" => "739" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "copyrightAnyo" => "2016" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44:97-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 394 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 12 "HTML" => 187 "PDF" => 195 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0301054615000944" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.04.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-03-01" "aid" => "695" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44:99-105" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 775 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 16 "HTML" => 496 "PDF" => 263 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Mediterranean diet and childhood asthma" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "99" "paginaFinal" => "105" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 907 "Ancho" => 1650 "Tamanyo" => 69395 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evolution of parameters indicative of BHR symptomatology in the year before intervention (baseline) and during the year of intervention (1 year). Error bars.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F.M. Calatayud-Sáez, B. Calatayud Moscoso del Prado, J.G. Gallego Fernández-Pacheco, C. González-Martín, L.F. Alguacil Merino" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.M." "apellidos" => "Calatayud-Sáez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Calatayud Moscoso del Prado" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.G." "apellidos" => "Gallego Fernández-Pacheco" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "González-Martín" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L.F." "apellidos" => "Alguacil Merino" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054615000944?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000002/v1_201603070011/S0301054615000944/v1_201603070011/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Mediterranean diet as a protection against asthma: Still another brick in building a causative association" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "97" "paginaFinal" => "98" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "L. Garcia-Marcos" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Garcia-Marcos" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "IMIB Bioresearch Institute, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between Mediterranean diet consumption and a lower prevalence of asthma was described for the first time by our group and by a Greek one. In fact, the results of both studies were published in the same issue of Thorax in 2007.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Both studies were epidemiological and cross-sectional, and thus with obvious limitations. The results of those two seminal papers were replicated in other epidemiological cohorts in the following years with most of them pointing to the same direction: Mediterranean diet was a protective factor for asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–8</span></a> A new step was taken when some evidence was found that this diet taken in pregnancy protected of asthma symptoms in school-children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Yet a further stage was achieved when a Mexican group found that Mediterranean diet was associated to better lung function (higher FEV1) and lower inflammatory response (lower IL-8 in nasal lavage) in a group of asthmatic children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two, including more than 50,000 children from a wide range of countries, but mostly from Europe, found even more evidence that the diet in question was associated to lower prevalence of asthma symptoms in school children 8–12 of age.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Mediterranean diet has also been associated with lower prevalence of eczema in ISAAC Phase Three in Spain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and was a included as an important item in a prediction model for wheezing in the first year of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although some researchers could not to find an association between diet in children and asthma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and between maternal diet during pregnancy and recurrent wheezing<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> or asthma in children,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> none of those studies was specifically designed for that purpose.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two recent meta-analyses arrived at the same conclusion of Mediterranean diet associated to less asthma prevalence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,18</span></a>; and the first one also found that the effect was not comparable everywhere and that it was mainly driven by cohorts based in Mediterranean areas.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The paper by Calatayud-Sáez et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> included in the present issue of A&I adds important evidence that Mediterranean diet may help to control asthmatic children. About one hundred families of asthmatic children 1–5 years of age were enrolled in the one year program “Learning to Eat from the Mediterranean”. Children as a group modified substantially their diet after the program, and this accompanied by an overall improvement of their asthma control as measured by the need of medication, number of asthma attacks and emergency department visits. The change in BMI before and after the program was not significant although lean mass was higher significantly increased.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, epidemiological evidence points out that Mediterranean diet might be a protector factor for asthma, although more and specific studies are needed to better establish whether this association is causative. Of especial importance are studies which include the diet of mother in pregnancy both in general and in high-risk populations. Therefore, ongoing trials such as the one recently reported by Sewell et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> in a high risk population and the starting pregnancy cohort “Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma” (NELA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> in the general population may contribute to clarify the issue of Mediterranean diet as a primary prevention intervention. Other stages of prevention should also been looked for, as in the paper published in the present issue of A&I. With new knowledge coming from such studies we will be able to disentangle whether Mediterranean diet is in itself (and by what mechanisms) a protective factor for asthma everywhere, or just in some type of environments,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22,23</span></a> or just a marker of a specific lifestyle which promotes healthier habits. These may include the intake of certain nutrients/foods which have already been related to lower<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> or the avoiding of others which have been shown to be related to higher asthma prevalence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>; or the maintenance of BMI in the healthy range,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> among other factors.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis with obesity, exercise and Mediterranean diet in Spanish schoolchildren" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2024 October | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| 2024 September | 25 | 14 | 39 |
| 2024 August | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2024 July | 16 | 15 | 31 |
| 2024 June | 26 | 5 | 31 |
| 2024 May | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2024 April | 17 | 5 | 22 |
| 2024 March | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2024 February | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2024 January | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2023 December | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2023 November | 27 | 4 | 31 |
| 2023 October | 26 | 13 | 39 |
| 2023 September | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2023 August | 21 | 16 | 37 |
| 2023 July | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2023 June | 24 | 9 | 33 |
| 2023 May | 21 | 18 | 39 |
| 2023 April | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2023 March | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| 2023 February | 19 | 7 | 26 |
| 2023 January | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2022 December | 35 | 11 | 46 |
| 2022 November | 34 | 22 | 56 |
| 2022 October | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2022 September | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| 2022 August | 36 | 23 | 59 |
| 2022 July | 19 | 21 | 40 |
| 2022 June | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2022 May | 35 | 22 | 57 |
| 2022 April | 54 | 29 | 83 |
| 2022 March | 90 | 38 | 128 |
| 2022 February | 85 | 44 | 129 |
| 2022 January | 68 | 39 | 107 |
| 2021 December | 38 | 36 | 74 |
| 2021 November | 56 | 32 | 88 |
| 2021 October | 27 | 28 | 55 |
| 2021 September | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2021 August | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2021 July | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| 2021 June | 32 | 23 | 55 |
| 2021 May | 27 | 15 | 42 |
| 2021 April | 27 | 52 | 79 |
| 2021 March | 22 | 56 | 78 |
| 2021 February | 20 | 36 | 56 |
| 2021 January | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2020 December | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2020 November | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 2020 October | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2020 September | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2020 August | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 July | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 June | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2020 May | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2020 April | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2020 March | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2020 February | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2020 January | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 December | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| 2019 November | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 September | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 July | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 17 | 17 |
| 2019 April | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2018 September | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 August | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018 February | 17 | 5 | 22 |
| 2018 January | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2017 December | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 2017 November | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2017 October | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2017 September | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2017 August | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2017 July | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2017 June | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2017 May | 22 | 12 | 34 |
| 2017 April | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2017 March | 18 | 20 | 38 |
| 2017 February | 16 | 27 | 43 |
| 2017 January | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2016 December | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2016 November | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2016 October | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2016 September | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2016 August | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2016 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 May | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 April | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 3 | 4 |
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