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Editorial
Asthma prevalence trends in Chile: a prelude of the Global Asthma Network findings?
Luis Garcia-Marcos
Respiratory and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia; IMIB Bio-health Research Institute; and ARADyAL allergy network, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In one of the most seminal papers on the prevalence and its trends of asthma in children worldwide&#44; Asher et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> showed that&#44; comparing 1994 with 2002&#44; there was some indication that in areas where asthma prevalence was highest in 1994&#44; the trend was to stabilization or even reduction&#59; while in areas with low prevalence in 1994 the trend was to increase&#46; The bottom line would be that there is a maximum prevalence potential in each population which could had been reached in certain areas &#40;such as in some English-speaking countries -apparently not due to translation bias&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> while in others this was not achieved in 2002&#46; The prevalence of asthma in Latin American countries was quite high at that time&#44; and the results from the study by Mallol et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in this issue of Allergologia et Immunopathologia seem to confirm the idea that there can be a maximum prevalence of asthma &#40;when all predisposed individuals show symptoms&#41;&#46; In fact&#44; the results from Santiago &#40;Chile&#41; included in the aforementioned paper show that the prevalence of current symptoms of asthma was 11&#46;1&#37; in 1994&#59; 16&#46;6&#37; in 2002&#59; and 13&#46;4&#37; in 2015&#46; Although the authors state that there is a significant increasing trend according to the statistical analysis&#44; it is difficult to say what is the trend between 2002 and 2015&#46; Probably not an increase&#44; anyway&#46; Interestingly&#44; the results of the prevalence of asthma diagnosis follow a parallel path &#40;11&#46;5&#37; in 1994&#59; 16&#46;6 in 2002&#59; and 13&#46;4&#37; in 2015&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When considering factors associated to asthma symptoms and comparing them between 2002 and 2015&#44; it is striking that smoking was not risk factor for asthma symptoms -maybe due to the healthy worker bias-&#46; But what is quite alarming is that the proportion of adolescents who smoke which was high in 2002 &#40;21&#46;8&#37;&#41; increased even higher by 2015 &#40;28&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the current issue of Allergologia et Immunopathologia there is also a paper on smoking among adolescents in several Latin American cities&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> such as C&#243;rdoba and Corrientes &#40;Argentina&#41;&#59; Curitiba and Uruguiana &#40;Brazil&#41;&#59; Havana &#40;Cuba&#41;&#59; Veracruz &#40;M&#233;xico&#41;&#59; and Ciudad del Este &#40;Paraguay&#41;&#46; When answering to the question&#58; &#8220;Did you smoke at least one cigarette every day for 30 days&#63;&#8221;&#44; 13&#46;9&#37; adolescents answered positively&#44; what is much higher than the one found by the Chilean group &#40;although their definition of smoking is not clearly indicated in their paper&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Returning to asthma prevalence and risk factors in Chile&#44; the only consistent risk factor &#40;of those studied&#41; in both years in which an environmental questionnaire was applied &#40;2002 and 2015&#41; was female gender&#46; This has been consistently found&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and while it is male gender which is the risk factor of wheezing during the first years of life&#59; female gender constitutes the risk after puberty&#46; Hormonal changes and gender-specific differences in environmental exposures have been used to explain this situation&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; in Santiago &#40;Chile&#41; a kind of plateau of asthma prevalence might have been reached between 1994 and 2015&#46; Is this a prelude of the findings of the Global Asthma Network which will be available in the months to come&#63;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03010546
Original language: English
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