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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 129-138 (January 2007)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 129-138 (January 2007)
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Análisis crítico del tratamiento fibrinolítico en la trombosis del bypass femoropoplíteo
A critical analysis of fibrinolytic treatment in femoral-popliteal bypass thrombosis
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C. Gallego-Ferreiroaa,
Corresponding author
carolina.gallego@mundo-r.com

Correspondencia: Corvo Mariño, 4, 9.°. E-36205 Vigo (Pontevedra)
, J.M. Encisa de Sáa, B. Torrón-Casala, M. Casalb, J. Vidal-Reya, T. Bolívar-Gómeza, M.B. García-Martíneza, D. Mesa-Fonsecaa, A. Rosendo-Carreraa
a Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular
b Servicio de Radiología Intervencionista. Hospital Xeral-Cíes. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Vigo, Pontevedra, España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar el resultado de la terapia fibrinolítica en el tratamiento de la trombosis del injerto femoropoplíteo.

Pacientes y métodos

Desde enero de 1998 a diciembre de 2005 se han tratado 50 casos de trombosis de bypass emoropoplíteo con fibrinólisis local con urocinasa. La muestra se compone de 30 pacientes con edad media de 67,7 años, portadores de bypass a primera (16%) o tercera porción (84%), con material protésico (88%) o vena (12%). La trombosis sucedió en el primer año de control clínico en el 73% de los casos. Presentaron una isquemia grado I y IIa(escala de Rutherford) el 58%. Se trató del primer episodio de trombosis en el 66% de la muestra. El tiempo de evolución de la isquemia fue menor de 14 días en el 58% de los casos. Resultados. La eficacia técnica fue del 80%. Se identificó lesión causante de la trombosis en el 90% de los casos, tratándose con terapia endovascular (69,4%) o cirugía (19,4%). La permeabilidad y el salvamento de extremidad al año fueron del 26,8 y 50,6%, respectivamente, y a los dos años del 22,3 y 47,2%, respectivamente. Los injertos que se fibrinolisaron por primera vez presentaron mayor permeabilidad (p =0,008) y mayor salvamento de extremidad (p =0,006), que los injertos que ya se habían tratado previamente.

Conclusiones

La terapia trombolítica es una técnica útil para restablecer la permeabilidad de los injertos femoropoplíteos; no obstante, los resultados obtenidos en la segunda y tercera fibrinólisis de un mismo bypass hacen replantear la necesidad de un tratamiento alternativo.

Palabras clave:
Bypass
Fibrinólisis
Isquemia aguda
Injertos femoropoplíteos
Urocinasa
Summary
Aim

To evaluate the results of fibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of femoral-popliteal graft thrombosis.

Patients and methods

Between January 1998 and December 2005, 50 cases of femoral-popliteal bypass thrombosis were treated by local fibrinolysis using urokinase. The sample consisted of 30 patients with a mean age of 67.7 years who had received a bypass made of either prosthetic material (88%) or vein (12%) in the first (16%) or third portion (84%). Thrombosis occurred during the first year of clinical monitoring in 73% of cases. Grade I and IIa ischaemia (Rutherford scale) was present in 58% of them. It was the first episode of thrombosis for 66% of the sample. Progression time of the ischaemia was 14 days or less in 58% of cases.

Results

Technical efficiency was 80%. The lesions causing the thrombosis were found in 90% of cases and were treated with endovascular therapy (69.4%) or surgery (19.4%). Patency and limb salvage at one year were 26.8 and 50.6%, respectively, and at two years the figures were 22.3 and 47.2%, respectively. The grafts submitted to fibrinolysis for the first time offered greater patency (p =0.008) and higher limb salvage rates (p =0.006) than grafts that had been treated previously.

Conclusions

Thrombolysis therapy is a useful technique for restoring the patency of femoral-popliteal grafts; yet, the outcomes of second and third-time fibrinolysis of the same bypass make it necessary to consider an alternative treatment.

Key words:
Acute ischaemia
Bypass
Femoral-popliteal grafts
Fibrinolysis
Urokinase
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Copyright © 2007. SEACV
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