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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 179-184 (January 2007)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 179-184 (January 2007)
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Aneurisma micótico femoral roto: aportación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía
Ruptured femoral mycotic aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature
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M.B. García-Martíneza,
Corresponding author
belengarmar@telefonica.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Xeral-Cíes. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Pizarro, 22. E-36204 Vigo (Pontevedra).
, F.J. Franco-Meijideb, J. Fernández-Noyab, J. Villaverde-Rodríguezc, J.R. García-Casasb
a Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Xeral-Cíes. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Vigo
b Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Montecelo. Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra. Pontevedra
c Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago. Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España
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Resumen
Introducción

Los aneurismas micóticos son procesos infecciosos, con resultado frecuente de ruptura y muerte si no se tratan adecuadamente. Aportamos un caso clínico y revisamos diversos aspectos de esta patología.

Caso clínico

Mujer de 73 años, atendida en Urgencias por presentar tumoración inguinal derecha pulsátil, así como fiebre, signos inflamatorios locales, pulsos distales conservados y tendencia a la hipotensión. La analítica demuestra leucocitosis con desviación izquierda. Se realiza tomografía axial computarizada urgente, con hallazgo de aneurisma de arteria femoral común rodeado de hematoma con dudoso gas. Es intervenida de urgencia, realizándose resección e interposición de injerto protésico (PTFE). Los cultivos intraoperatorios y hemocultivos son positivos para Salmonella enteritidis. Se inicia tratamiento con antibióticos endovenosos, que se mantienen hasta el alta. Desaparece la fiebre, se negativizan los hemocultivos, pero persiste drenado purulento escaso a través de la herida inguinal, con cultivo positivo para el mismo microorganismo. En la tomografía axial computarizada se objetiva colección periprotésica inguinal, así como captación patológica local en la gammagrafía. No se afectan otras estructuras ni se evidencia endocarditis. Se decide sustituir el injerto por vena safena mayor contralateral, con lo que desaparece el drenado y la herida evoluciona favorablemente. Tras 30 meses de seguimiento, no presenta complicaciones o signos de recidiva.

Conclusión

El tratamiento quirúrgico de elección de los aneurismas micóticos continua siendo controvertido. La revascularización anatómica con injerto venoso resulta de elección cuando afectan a arterias periféricas, pudiendo emplearse en caso necesario el injerto protésico, preferentemente en localización extraanatómica. En todos los casos debe asociarse antibioterapia selectiva.

Palabras clave:
Aneurisma micótico
Aneurisma roto
Bacteriología
Injerto extraanatómico
Injerto in situ
Tratamiento antibiótic
Summary
Introduction

Mycotic aneurysms are infectious processes that often result in rupture and death if they are not treated properly. We report one clinical case and review different aspects of this pathology.

Case report

This study involves the case of a 73-year-old female who was attended in the Emergency Department because of a pulsating tumour in the right inguinal region, with fever, signs of local inflammation, palpable distal pulses and a tendency towards hypotension. Lab findings showed leukocytosis with left shift. An emergency computerised axial tomography scan was performed and results showed an aneurysm in the common femoral artery surrounded by a haematoma with uncertain gas production. The patient underwent emergency surgery involving resection and placement of a prosthetic (PTFE) graft. Intraoperative and blood cultures were positive for Salmonella enteritidis. Intravenous treatment with antibiotics was established and maintained until the patient was discharged from hospital. The fever disappeared and blood cultures became negative but a small amount of purulent material continued drain from the inguinal wound, with positive cultures for the same microorganism. A computerised axial tomography scan showed an inguinal periprosthetic collection and the scintigraphy findings revealed local pathological uptake. No other structures were involved and no evidence of endocarditis was observed. The decision was taken to replace the graft by the contralateral greater saphenous vein, after which the drained material disappeared and the wound progressed favourably. After 30 months' follow-up, the patient does not present any complications or signs of recurrence.

Conclusions

The preferred surgical treatment for mycotic aneurysms is still a controversial issue. Anatomical revascularisation with a venous graft is the preferred treatment when peripheral arteries are involved and, if necessary, a prosthetic graft can be used, preferably situated extra-anatomically. In all cases selective therapy with antibiotics should be associated.

Key words:
Antibiotic treatment
Bacteriology
Extra-anatomical graft
In situ graft
Mycotic aneurysm
Ruptured aneurysm
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2007. SEACV
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