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Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 389-400 (January 2005)
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Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 389-400 (January 2005)
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Antibioterapia empírica en el pie diabético y no diabético
Empirical antibiotic therapy for diabetic and non-diabetic foot
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E. Doiz-Artázcoza,
Corresponding author
edoiz@comcadiz.com

Correspondencia: Unidad de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Avda. Ana de Viyá, 21. E-11009 Cádiz. Fax: +34 956 002 491.
, A. González-Calboe, J.A. Girón-Gonzálezb, J.C. Bohórquez-Sierraa, E. Benítez-Rodríguezc, P. Marín-Casanovad, M. Rodríguez-Piñeroa, C. Bohórquez-Sierraa
a Unidad de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular.
b Servicio de Medicina Interna.
c Servicio de Medicina Preventiva.
d Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz.
e Centro de Salud de San Benito. Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, España.
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Resumen
Introducción

La neuropatía, la isquemia y la infección son los tres factores directamente relacionados con la aparición y desarrollo de las úlceras en los pacientes diabéticos. La infección definida mediante parámetros clínicos y apoyada por cultivos microbiológicos es el principal factor pronóstico de la lesión.

Objetivo

Estudiar la etiología infecciosa de las úlceras en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos, así como la sensibilidad in vitro a antimicrobianos de los microorganismos aislados, nos permitirá establecer la mejor pauta antibiótica empírica en nuestro medio asistencial.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio observacional, transversal y prospectivo de 200 pacientes consecutivos, diabéticos y no diabéticos, ingresados por la presencia de úlceras isquémicas o neuropáticas con signos locales de infección. Toma de tres muestras microbiológicas el día del ingreso previa administración del tratamiento empírico (ciprofloxacino+clindamicina) y valoración de su respuesta clínica y sus modificaciones a específico por resistencia de los microorganismos.

Resultados

En la mayoría de los cultivos se aisló microbiota polimicrobiana con predominio de aerobios-anaerobios gramnegativos y aerobios grampositivos. Staphylococcus aureus (10,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Bacteroides fragilis fueron los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados. La terapia empírica tuvo que modificarse en más del 50% de los casos por resistencia. La mayor sensibilidad in vitro para los microorganismos grampositivos fue para la vancomicina, seguida de cloxacilina y amoxicilina/clavulánico. En el caso de aerobios-anaerobios gramnegativos, fue para meropenem, tobramicina e imipenem, y para los anaerobios, imipenem, cefoxitina y amoxicilina/clavulánico.

Conclusiones

La administración de amoxicilina/clavulánico solo o asociado a tobramicina constituye una pauta antibiótica con amplio espectro para los pacientes ambulatorios. En régimen de ingreso el antibiótico de elección sería imipenem, seguido de piperacilina/tazobactam.

Palabras clave:
Antibiótico
Infección
Microbiota
Pie diabético
Resumen
Introduction

Neuropathy, ischaemia and infection are the three factors directly related to the appearance and development of ulcers in diabetic patients. Infection defined by means of clinical parameters and backed up by microbiological cultures is the main prognostic factor of the lesion.

Aims

To study the infectious causation of ulcers in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, in addition to the in vitro sensitivity to antimicrobials of the microorganisms that were recovered, in order to enable us to develop a better empirical antibiotic regimen in our health care area.

Patients and methods

We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study involving 200 consecutive diabetic and non-diabetic patients who were admitted to hospital due to the presence of ischaemic or neuropathic ulcers with local signs of infection. Three microbiological samples were taken on the day of admission before administration of the empirical treatment (ciprofloxacin + clindamycin) and their clinical response and modifications in the specific due to resistance of the microorganisms were evaluated.

Results

Polymicrobial microbiota were recovered from most of the cultures, with predominance of gram-negative aerobic-anaerobics and gram-positive aerobics. Staphylococcus aureus (10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis were the most frequently recovered micro-organisms. The empirical therapy had to be modified in over 50% of cases due to resistance. The highest sensitivity in vitro for the grampositive micro-organisms was to vancomycin, followed by cloxacillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. In the case of gram-negative aerobic-anaerobics, it was found to be meropenem, tobramycin and imipenem, while the anaerobics were seen to be more sensitive to imipenem, cefoxitin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

Conclusions

Administration of amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid alone or in association with tobramycin constitutes a wide-spectrum antibiotic regimen for outpatients. If the patient is hospitalised, the preferred antibiotic would be imipenem, followed by piperacillin/ tazobactam. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2005; 57: 389-400]

key words:
Antibiotics
Diabetic foot
Infection
Microbiota
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Copyright © 2005. SEACV
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