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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 52-62 (January 2001)
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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 52-62 (January 2001)
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Evolución del tratamiento quirúrgico para la revascularización del territorio vertebrobasilar
Surgical treatment evolution for revascularization of vertebrobasilar territory
Evolução do tratamento cirúrgico para a revascularização do território vertebrobasilar
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M.B. García-Martínez, J. Rodríguez de la Calle, M. Veras-Troncoso, R. Jiménez-Gil, R. Barrio-Rodríguez, A. Álvarez-Salgado, A. Arroyo-Bielsa, J. Porto-Rodríguez, R. Gesto-Castromil*
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid, España
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Resumen
Objetivos

Estudiar los resultados a corto y largo plazo del tratamiento quirúrgico de la isquemia vertebrobasilar, así como su evolución a lo largo del tiempo, atendiendo a nuestra experiencia clínica.

Pacientes y métodos

Entre 1978 y 1997 fueron realizadas 72 técnicas de revascularización del territorio vertebrobasilar en 72 pacientes. Dos eran mujeres y 70 hombres, con edad media de 58 años (intervalo de 38 a 71). Cuarenta y dos pacientes (58%) presentaban sintomatología vertebrobasilar, 16 (22%) sintomatología inespecífica y los 14 restantes (19%) estaban asintomáticos y presentaban robo de la vertebral. Las técnicas quirúrgicas fueron intratorácicas en el 25% de los casos y extratorácicas en el 75% (5 injertos a vertebral distal, 6 TEA subclaviovertebrales, 11 trasposiciones, 1 reimplantacióny 31 injertosaejesubclaviovertebral). El seguimiento medio fue de 98 meses.

Resultados

La permeabilidad a 10 años fue del 80%. Los injertos subclavio-subclavios presentaron una menor permeabilidad respecto al resto de técnicas, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (<0,05). La probabilidad de permanecer libre de síntomas a 10 años fue del 70%. La morbilidad precoz por eventos neurológicos fue del 2,8% con una morbilidad global del 23,6%. La mortalidad precoz fue del 5,6% (4 pacientes), siendo la causa más frecuente la cardiopatía isquémica. No se produjeron muertes precoces de causa neurológica. La supervivencia a 10 años fue del 59%. Conclusión. Según nuestra experiencia, la permeabilidad en las técnicas directas supera la de las técnicas indirectas, por ello las consideramos de elección.

Palabras clave:
Arteria vertebral
Isquemia vertebrobasilar
Técnicasquirúrgicas
Summary
Objectives

To study short-term and long-term results of surgical treatment for vertebrobasilar revascularization as well as its evolution along the time, following our experience.

Patients and methods

72 revascularization techniques for the vertebrobasilar territory were performed between 1978 and 1997 in 72 patients. Two of them were women and 70 men, mean age of 58 years (range from 38 to 71). Forty-two patients (58%) presented vertebrobasilar symptoms, 16 (22%) unspecific symptoms and 14 (19%) were asymptomatic, with vertebral steal. Surgical techniques were intrathoracic in 25% of patients and extrathoracic in 75% (5 grafts to distal vertebral artery, 6 thromboendarterectomies, 11 transposition, one reimplantation and 31 grafts to subclavian-vertebral system). Mean outcome was 98 months.

Results

Ten-year patency was 80%. The subclavian-subclavian graft patency was worse than the other techniques. The difference was significant (p<0.5). Ten-year cumulated probability of asymptomatic status was 70%. Early morbidity was 23.6%, 2.6% of them because of neurological events. Early mortality rate was 5.6%. Coronary heart disease was the main cause of death. There was no early neurological mortality. Ten-year survival rate was 59%.

Conclusion

In our experience, patency with direct techniques is higher than patency in indirect techniques, so we think they are the election surgical treatment.

Key words:
Surgical techniques
Vertebral artery
Vertebrobasilarischemia
Resumo
Objectivos

Estudar os resultados, a longo prazo, do tratamento cirúrgico da isquemia vertebrobasilar, assim como a sua evolução ao longo do tempo, atendendo à nossa experiência clínica.

Doentes e métodos

Entre 1978 e 19997 foram realizadas 72 técnicas de revascularização do território vertebrobasilar em 72 doentes. Duas mulheres e 70 homens, com idade média de 58 anos (intervalo de 38 a 71). 42 doentes (58%) apresentavam sintomatologia vertebrobasilar, 16 (22%) sintomatologia inespecífica e os 14 restantes (19%) eram assintomáticos e apresentavam robo da vertebral. As técnicas cirúrgicas foram intra-torácicas em 25% dos casos e extra-torácicas em 75% (5 enxertos da vertebral distal, 6 TEA subclávio-vertebrais, 11 transposições, 1 reemplante e 31 enxertos no eixo subclávio-vertebral). O seguimento médio foi de 98 meses.

Resultados

A permeabilidade aos 10 anos foi de 80%. Os enxertos subclávio-subclávios apresentaram menor permeabilidade em relação às restantes técnicas, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (<0,05). A probabilidade de permanecer livre de sintomas aos 10 anos foi de 70%. A morbilidade precoce por eventos neurológicos foi de 2,8%, com uma morbilidade global de 23,6%. A mortalidade precoce foi de 5,6% (4 doentes), sendo a causa mais frequente, a cardiopatia isquémica. A sobrevivência aos 10 anos foi de 59%.

Conclusão

Segundo a nossa experiência, a permeabilidade nas técnicas directas supera a das técnicas indirectas, pelo que as consideramos de eleição.

Palavras chave:
Artéria vértebral
Isquemia vértebrobasilar
Técnicas cirúrgicas
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Copyright © 2001. SEACV
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