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Vol. 54. Issue 3.
Pages 145-161 (January 2002)
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Vol. 54. Issue 3.
Pages 145-161 (January 2002)
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Factores de riesgo y factores pronósticos en la arteriosclerosis precoz de extremidades inferiores
Risk factors and factors in the prognosis of early arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs
Factores de risco e factores de prognóstico naarteriosclerose precoce dosmembrosinferiores
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4755
E. Puras-Mallagray
Corresponding author
epuras@fhalcorcon.es

correspondence: Departamento de Cirugía. Unidad de Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Fundación Alcorcón. Budapest, 1. E-28922Alcorcón, Madrid.
, S. Luján-Huertas, M. Gutiérrez-Baz, S. Cááncer-Pérez
Unidad de Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Fundación Alcorcón. Madrid, España.
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Article information
Summary
Objective

To present an up-to-date review of the classical and recently described risk factors associated with early arterial disease in peripheral vascular territory, and describe the imaging techniques which permit evaluation of the stage of development of the arteriosclerotic plaque.

Development

The treatment of a patient with peripheral arterial disease should be considered in the context of the natural history of the disorder and especially with regard to the knowledge and control of risk factors and markers which may predict clinical deterioration of the condition. Arteriosclerosis starts at a very early stage of life and should be considered to be a chronic inflammatory disorder. As well as the classical factors involved in this disorder, such as hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and diabetes, there is also insulin resistance and the more recently discovered factors such as hyperhomocysteinaemia, global load of infection, procoagulant factors and the as yet unknown genetic markers. We are starting to discover how the disease develops with the help of imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computerized tomography using a beam of electrons and magnetic resonance, which allows us to detect potentially vulnerable plaques.

Conclusions

The concept of arteriosclerosis has changed considerably in recent years. Early development of this chronic inflammatory condition is linked to many factors which are still to be discovered and controlled. The analytical determinations and diagnostic techniques available to us will permit better control ofthis condition.

Key words:
Arteriosclerosis
Global load of infection
Homocysteine
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Riskfactors
Resumen
Objetivo

Presentar una revisión actualizada de los factores de riesgo clásicos y emergentes asociados a enfermedad arterial precoz en el territorio vascular periférico, y describir las técnicas de imagen que permiten valorar el estadio evolutivo de la placa arteriosclerótica.

Desarrollo

El manejo de un paciente con enfermedad arterial periférica ha de plantearse en el contexto de la historia natural de la enfermedad y, en particular, en el conocimiento y control de los factores de riesgo y marcadores que puedan predecir el deterioro clínico de la misma. La arteriosclerosis se inicia en épocas muy tempranas de la viday debe considerarse como una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica. A los clásicos factores que influyen en esta patología, como la hipercolesterolemia, el tabaco, la diabetes o el más reciente síndrome de resistencia a la insulina, hay que añadir otros más modernos, como la hiper-homocisteinemia, la carga infecciosa global, los factores procoagulantes y los todavía poco conocidos marcadores genéticos. La enfermedad presenta unas características evolutivas que empiezan a descubrirse gracias a técnicas de imagen, como los ultrasonidos, la tomografía computadorizadapor haz de electrones y la resonancia magnética, que permiten conocer qué placas pueden considerarse vulnerables.

Conclusiones

El concepto de arteriosclerosis ha variado sustancialmente en los últimos años. El desarrollo precoz de esta entidad inflamatoria crónica se liga a una multiplicidad de factores que deben conocerse y controlarse. Las determinaciones analíticas y las técnicas de diagnóstico al alcance permitirán un mejor control de esta entidad.

Palabras clave:
Arteriosclerosis
Carga infeccios a global
Factores de riesgo
Homocisteína
Inflamación
Resistencia a la insulina
Resumo
Objectivo

Apresentar uma revisão actualizada dos factores de risco clássicos e emergentes associados á doenca arterial precoce no território vascular periférico, e des-crever as técnicas de imagem que permitem avaliar o estádio evolutivo daplaca arteriosclerótica.

Desenvolvimento

O tratamento de um doente com doença arterial periférica deve ser considerada no contexto da história natural da doença e, em particular, no conhe-cimento e controlo dos factores de risco e marcadores que podem predizer a deterio-ração clínica da doença. A arteriosclerose inicia-se em épocas muito precoces da vida e deve considerar-se uma doença inflamató-ria crónica. Entre os clássicos factores que influem nestapatologia, como a hipercolesterolemia, o tabaco, a diabetes e a mais recente síndroma de resistência à insulina, é necessário incluir outros mais modernos, como a hiperhomocisteinemia, a carga infecciosa global, os factores pró-coagulantes, e os ainda desconhecidos marcadores genéticos. A doença apresenta algumas características evolutivas que começamos a descobrir graças às técnicas de imagem, como os ultra-sons, a tomografia computorizada por feixe de electrões e a ressonância magnética, que permitem conhecer as placas que se podem considerar vulneráveis.

Conclusões

O conceito de arteriosclerose tem variado substancialmente nos últimos anos. O desenvolvimento precoce desta entidade inflamatória crónica está ligado a uma multiplicidade de factores que se devem conhecer e controlar. As determinaçõoes analíticas e as técnicas de diagnóstico ao nosso alcance permitirão um melhor controlo desta entidade.

Palavras clave:
Arteriosclerose
Carga infecciosa global
Factores de risco
Homocisteina
Inflamação
Resistência à insulina
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