covid
Buscar en
Angiología
Toda la web
Inicio Angiología Participación de la lipoproteína de baja densidad oxidada en el desarrollo de ...
Journal Information
Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 51-56 (January 2006)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 51-56 (January 2006)
Full text access
Participación de la lipoproteína de baja densidad oxidada en el desarrollo de la placa ateroesclerótica
The role played by oxidised low-density lipo protein in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque
Visits
3149
M. Vega de Céniga
Corresponding author
mvega@hgda.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital de Galdakao. Barrio Labeaga, s/n. E-48960 Galdakao (Vizcaya). Fax: +34 944 007132.
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital de Galdakao. Galdakao, Vizcaya, España
This item has received
Article information
Resumen
Objetivo

Exponer cuáles son los mecanismos por los cuales los lípidos plasmáticos, y concretamente la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) oxidada, contribuyen al desarrollo de la placa ateromatosa.

Desarrollo

La disfunción endotelialy la formación de la estría grasa constituyen la etapa inicial en el desarrollo de la arterioesclerosis. La hipercoleste-rolemia favorece la oxidación de LDL en contacto con radicales libres de oxígeno liberados por células endoteliales, macrófagos y células musculares lisas, y su captación y acumulación incontrolada por macrófagos subendoteliales, que se transforman en células espumosas. El acúmulo de estas células, con un leve engrosamiento intimal, constituye la estría grasa. La LDL oxidada estimula la quimiotaxis de células inflamatorias, su adhesión a células endoteliales y su migración al interior de la pared vascular; además, promueve la proliferación de células musculares lisas y su infiltración en el espacio subintimal; induce la apoptosis en el núcleo de la placa, favorece un estado protrombótico y reduce la función fibrinolítica. Así, participa en la progresión de las lesiones hacia placas ateromatosas bien estructuradas. La aplicación terapéutica de suplementos dietéticos de antioxidantes y –más importante en la actualidad– la administración de estatinas pueden retrasar la progresión de lesiones arterioescleróticas.

Conclusiones

La hipercolesterolemia, a través de la LDL oxidada, ejerce un papel fundamental en el proceso de la aterogénesis. El conocimiento de su mecanismo de actuación es importante para el cirujano vascular, ya que supone una eficaz diana terapéutica. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 51-6]

Palabras clave:
Antioxidantes
Arterioesclerosis
Estatinas
Estría grasa
Inflamación
LDL oxidada
Summary
Aim

To present how plasma lipids, and particularly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), participate in the development of the atheromatous plaque.

Development

Endotelial dysfunction and the development of fatty streaks are the initial events in the process of plaque formation. Hypercholesterolemia favours the oxidation of LDL in contact with oxygen-derived free radicals released by endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells, and their uncontrolled uptake and accumulation by subendothelial macrophages, which turn into foam cells. The accumulation of these cells, together with a slight intimal thickening, makes up the fatty streak. The oxidized LDL stimulates the chemo-attraction of inflammatory cells, their adhesion to endothelial cells and their migration into the structure of the vascular wall. It promotes the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and their infiltration into the subintimal space. It induces cell apoptosis in the core of the plaque, and it favours a prothrombotic state by reducing the fibrinolytic activity. Thus, it participates in the progression of the vascular lesions towards well-structured atheromatous plaques. The therapeutic application of diet supplements of antioxidants or, more important nowadays, the prescription of statins, can slow down the progression of atherosclerotic lesions.

Conclusions

Hypercholesterolemia, by means of the oxidized LDL, plays an essential role in the atherosclerotic development. It is important for the vascular surgeon to be familiar with this process because it is an effective therapeutic target. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 51-6]

Key words:
Antioxidants
Atherosclerosis
Fatty streak
Inflammation
Oxidized LDL
Statins
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
Brown M.S., Goldstein J.L..
Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage.
Ann Rev Biochem, 52 (1983), pp. 223-261
[2.]
Jialal I., Devaraj S..
The role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in atherogenesis.
J Nutr, 126 (1996), pp. S1053-S1057
[3.]
Penn M.S., Saidel G.M., Chisolm G.M..
Relative significance of endothelium and internal elastic lamina in regulating the entry of macromolecules into arteries in vivo.
Circ Res, 74 (1994), pp. 74-82
[4.]
Kruse R., Merten M., Yoshida K., Schmidt A., Völker W., Buddecke E..
Cholesterol-dependent changes of glycosaminoglycan pattern in human aorta.
Basic Res Cardiol, 91 (1996), pp. 344-352
[5.]
Steinberg D..
Lewis A.
Conner memorial lecture: oxidative modification of LDL and atherogenesis. Circulation, 95 (1997), pp. 1062-1071
[6.]
Fuhrman B., Judith O., Keidar S., Ben-Yaish L., Kaplan M., Aviram M..
Increased uptake of LDL by oxidized macrophages is the result of an initial enhanced LDL receptor activity and of a further progressive oxidation of LDL.
Free Radic Biol Med, 23 (1997), pp. 34-46
[7.]
Kaplan M., Aviram M..
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein: atherogenic and proinflammatory characteristics during macrophage foam cell formation.
An inhibitory role for nutritional antioxidants and serum paraoxonase. Clin Chem Lab Med, 37 (1999), pp. 777-787
[8.]
Kaplan M., Aviram M..
Macrophage plasma membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binds oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
Atherosclerosis, 149 (2000), pp. 5-17
[9.]
Morel D.W., DiCorleto P.E., Chisolm G.M..
Endothelial and smooth muscle cells alter low density lipoprotein in vitro by free radical oxidation.
Arteriosclerosis, 4 (1984), pp. 357-364
[10.]
Quinn M.T., Parthasarathy S., Fong L.G., Steinberg D..
Oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins: A potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages during atherogenesis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 84 (1987), pp. 2995-2998
[11.]
Mitchinson M.J..
The new face of atherosclerosis.
Br J Clin Pract, 48 (1994), pp. 149-151
[12.]
Chatterjee S..
Role of oxidized human plasma low density lipoproteins in atherosclerosis: effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Moll Cell Biochem, 111 (1992), pp. 143-147
[13.]
Nassar T., Sachais B.S., Akkawi S., Kowalska M.A., Bdeir K., Leitersdorf E., et al.
Platelet factor 4 enhances the binding of oxidized low-density lipoprotein to vascular wall cells.
J Biol Chem, 278 (2003), pp. 6187-6193
[14.]
Isner J.M., Kearney M., Bortman S., Passeri J..
Apoptosis in human atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Circulation, 91 (1995), pp. 2703-2711
[15.]
Falk E., Shah P.K., Fuster V..
Coronary plaque disruption.
Circulation, 92 (1995), pp. 657-671
[16.]
Han D.K.M., Handenschild C.C., Hong M.K., Tinkle B.T., Leon M.B., Lian G..
Evidence for apoptosis in human atherogenesis and in a rat vascular injury model.
Am J Pathol, 147 (1995), pp. 267-277
[17.]
Björkerud S., Björkerud B..
Apoptosis is abundant in human atherosclerotic lesions, especially in inflammatory cells (macrophages and T cells) and may contribute to the accumulation of gruel and plaque instability.
Am J Pathol, 149 (1996), pp. 367-380
[18.]
Wang G., Deng Z., Ni J..
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibited tissue factor pathway inhibitor mRNA expression in human endothelial cells.
Chin Med J (Engl), 113 (2000), pp. 667-669
[19.]
Li D.Y., Zhang Y.C., Philips M.I., Sawamura T., Mehta J.L..
Upregulation of endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LOX-1) in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells by angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation.
Circ Res, 84 (1999), pp. 1043-1049
[20.]
Li D., Saldeen T., Romeo F., Mehta J.L..
Oxidized LDL upregu lates angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells: the potential role of transcription factor NF-κB.
Circulation, 102 (2000), pp. 1970-1976
[21.]
Pérez Gastell P.L., Pérez de Alejo J.L..
Métodos para medir el daño oxidativo.
Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar, 29 (2000), pp. 192-198
[22.]
Rodríguez Perón J.M., Menéndez López J.R., Trujillo López Y..
Radicales libres en la biomedicina y estrés oxidativo.
Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar, 30 (2001), pp. 36-44
[23.]
Wallenfeldt K., Fagerberg B., Wikstrand J., Hulthe J..
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein in plasma is a prognostic marker of subclinical atherosclerosis development in clinically healthy men.
J Int Med, 256 (2004), pp. 413-420
[24.]
Hulthe J., Fagerberg B..
Circulating oxidized LDL is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis development and inflammatory cytokines (AIR Study).
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 22 (2002), pp. 1162-1167
[25.]
Salonen J.T., Yla-Herttuala S., Yamamoto R., Butler S., Korpela H., Salonen R., et al.
Autoantibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein and progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
Lancet, 339 (1992), pp. 883-887
[26.]
Liu M.L., Ylitalo K., Salonen R., Salonen J.T., Taskinen M.R..
Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and its association with carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic members of familial combined hyperlipidemia families.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24 (2004), pp. 1492-1497
[27.]
Princen H.M., van Poppel G., Vogelezang C., Buytenhek R., Kok F.J..
Supplementation with vitamin E but not betacarotene in vivo protects low-density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation in vitro: effect of cigarette smoking.
Arterioscler Thromb, (1992), pp. 554-565
[28.]
Martín-Ventura J.L., Blanco-Colio L.M., Gómez-Hernández A., Muñoz-García B., Vega M., Serrano J., et al.
Intensive treatment with atorvastatin reduces inflammation in mononuclear cells and human atherosclerotic lesions in one month.
Copyright © 2006. SEACV
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos