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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 147-153 (January 2007)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 147-153 (January 2007)
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Pseudooclusión carotídea sintomática: tratamiento quirúrgico y resultados
Symptomatic pseudo-occlusion of the carotid artery:surgical treatment and outcomes
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2949
H. Cubillas-Martína,
Corresponding author
cubillas1975@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular II. Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33006 Oviedo (Asturias).
, J.M. Gutiérrez-Juliána, S. Calleja-Puertab, N. Alonso-Gómeza, E. Santamarta-Fariñaa, J.A. del Castro-Madrazoa, A. Amer-Zanabili Al-Sibbaia, L.A. Camblor-Santervása, M.A. Menéndez-Herreroa, A.I. Menéndez-Péreza, J.A. Carreño-Morrondoa, J.M. Llaneza-Cotoa, J. Rodríguez-Olaya
a Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular II
b Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo, Asturias, España
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Resumen
Introducción

Estudios multicéntricos recientes sugieren un dudoso beneficio de la endarterectomía carotídea (EC) en pacientes con pseudooclusión carotídea (POC).

Objetivo

Evaluar el resultado clínico y hemodinámico de la EC en las POC sintomáticas.

Pacientes y métodos

Entre 1999 y 2005 se intervinieron 13 pacientes con POC interna (3,96% de la cirugía carotídea) sintomáticas: siete con infarto cerebral (53,8%), tres con accidente isquémico transitorio (23,1%), dos con amaurosis fugaz (15,4%) y uno con síncopes de repetición (7,7%). En todos se realizó eco-Doppler y angiografía. Criterios diagnósticos del eco-Doppler: oclusión origen carótida interna, flujo en goteo o señal distal amortiguada. Criterios diagnósticos de la angiografía: obstrucción origen carótida interna con relleno filiforme distal. Se indicó la revascularización quirúrgica en todos ellos.

Resultados

En 12 pacientes se pudo revascularizar la carótida interna (92,3%) y en uno se hizo su ligadura (7,7%). Técnica de revascularización: 11 EC y un bypass a carótida interna distal. Morbimortalidad quirúrgica del 0%. Control clínico: 3-69 meses (media: 31,6 meses) mediante eco-Doppler de troncos supraaórticos y transcraneal, encontrándose todos vivos, asintomáticos y con permeabilidad de la carótida interna. La reserva hemodinámica homolateral postoperatoria se ha encontrado normalizada en la mayoría de los pacientes.

Conclusiones

Se considera indicada la intervención quirúrgica en casos sintomáticos de POC, ya que logra la repermeabilización de la carótida y la normalización de la reserva hemodinámica en un alto porcentaje, previniendo además la aparición de nueva sintomatología a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Arteriography
Carotid artery
Endarterectomy
Pseudo-occlusion of the carotid artery
String sign
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
Summary
Introduction

Recent multicentre studies suggest dubious benefits for carotid endarterectomy (CE) in patients with pseudo-occlusion of the carotid artery (POC).

Aim

To evaluate the clinical and haemodynamic outcomes of CE in cases of symptomatic POC.

Patients and methods

Between 1999 and 2005 interventions were carried out on 13 patients with symptomatic pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery (3.96% of the carotid surgery conducted): seven with cerebral infarction (53.8%), three with transient ischemic attack (23.1%), two with amaurosis fugax (15.4%) and one with recurring syncopes (7.7%). Doppler ultrasonography and angiography recordings were performed in all cases. Diagnostic criteria for Doppler ultrasonography were occlusion with its origin in the internal carotid artery, a drip flow or attenuated distal signals. Diagnostic criteria for angiography were occlusion with its origin in the internal carotid artery with filiform distal filling. Surgical revascularisation was indicated in all cases.

Results

The internal carotid artery was revascularised in 12 patients (92.3%) and ligation was performed in one of them (7.7%). Revascularisation technique: 11 CE and one distal internal carotid artery bypass. Surgical morbidity and mortality rates of 0%. Clinical monitoring: 3-69 months (mean: 31.6 months) using transcranial and supra-aortic trunk Doppler ultrasonography; all patients were alive, asymptomatic and with patency of the internal carotid artery. The post-operative homolateral haemodynamic reserve was found to be at normal levels in most of the patients.

Conclusions

Surgical intervention is considered to be indicated in symptomatic cases of POC, as it achieves repatency of the carotid artery and normalises the haemodynamic reserve in a high percentage of cases; it also prevents the appearance of new symptoms in the long term.

Key words:
Arteriografía
Carótida
Eco-Doppler transcraneal
Endarterectomía
Pseudooclusión carotídea
Signo de la cuerda
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