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Vol. 57. Issue 4.
Pages 357-363 (January 2005)
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Vol. 57. Issue 4.
Pages 357-363 (January 2005)
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Síndrome de robo coronario-subclavio tratado mediante bypass carótido-subclavio
Treatment of coronary-subclavian steal syndrome by means of a carotid-subclavian bypass
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R. Jiménez
Corresponding author
jimenez_rob@gva.es

Correspondencia: Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Avda. Pintor Baeza, s/n. E-03010 Alicante
, J.A. Miñano-Pérez, J. Bercial-Arias, I. Seminario-Noguera, M.A. González-Gutiérrez, F. Morant-Gimeno, F. Bernabeu-Pascual, A. Moreno-De Arcos, E. San Segundo-Romero
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Alicante, España
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Resumen
Introducción

El síndrome de robo coronario-subclavio es una causa poco frecuente de angina recurrente que ocurre en pacientes intervenidos de bypass aortocoronario con injerto de arteria mamaria interna (AMI) izquierda. Una estenosis significativa u obstrucción en la arteria subclavia proximal al origen de la AMI puede limitar el flujo por el injerto, o incluso invertirlo, de manera que provoque una isquemia miocárdica.

Caso clínico

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 78 años de edad, intervenida de cirugía coronaria dos años y medio antes, con clínica de angina refractaria al tratamiento médico e isquemia electrocardiográfica en el territorio de la arteria descendente anterior. La arteriogra-fía confirmó una obstrucción de la arteria subclavia izquierda proximal a la salida de la AMI; se intentó un tratamiento endovascular, que no fue efectivo, por lo que se realizó un bypass carótido-subclavio, junto con una endarterectomía carotídea derecha por una estenosis preoclusiva de ésta, con resultado satisfactorio.

Conclusiones

Con el uso creciente de la AMI como injerto para revascularización coronaria y el aumento de la edad de los pacientes con patología vascular concomitante, cada vez es más frecuente el síndrome de robo coronario-subclavio. Una adecuada selección y seguimiento de los pacientes antes y después de la cirugía coronaria puede reducir su incidencia. La angioplastia percutánea y la colocación de stent ofrecen buenos resultados, pero pueden ocasionar complicaciones como embolización o disección local, por lo que una técnica alternativa segura es el bypass carótido-subclavio clásico, con baja morbimortalidad y alta permeabilidad a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Angioplastia-stent subclavio
Bypass aortocoronario
Bypass carótido-subclavio
Estenosis subclavia
Isquemia miocárdica
Robo coronario-subclavio
Summary
Introduction

Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome is a rare cause of recurring angina that occurs in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery involving a left internal mammary artery (IMA) graft. A significant amount of stenosis or obstruction in the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the IMA can limit the flow through the graft, or even invert it, which then causes myocardial ischaemia.

Case report

We report the case of a 78-year-old female who had undergone heart surgery two and a half years earlier and who had a history of angina that was resistant to medical treatment, as well as electrocardiographic ischaemia in the territory of the anterior descending artery. An arteriography study confirmed the existence of an obstruction in the left subclavian artery proximal to the exit of the IMA. Endovascular treatment was attempted, although it was not effective, and so a carotid-subclavian bypass was performed, together with an endarterectomy in the right carotid artery, due to its being affected by preocclusive stenosis; results were satisfactory in both cases.

Conclusions

With the increasingly frequent use of IMA as a graft for coronary revascularisation and the rising age of patients with concomitant vascular disorders, coronary-subclavian steal syndrome is becoming more and more common. The incidence of this condition can be reduced by proper selection and follow-up of patients before and after heart surgery. Percutaneous angioplasty and stent placement offer good results, but can give rise to complications such as embolisation or local dissection, which makes the classical carotidsubclavian bypass a safe alternative technique, with low morbidity and mortality rates and a high degree of long-term patency.

Key words:
Carotid-subclavian bypass
Coronary artery bypass
Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome
Myocardial ischaemia
Subclavian stenosis
Subclavian stent-angioplasty
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