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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 169-181 (January 2004)
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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 169-181 (January 2004)
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Tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos
Endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms
Tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas lesados da aorta abdominal
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2294
E. Ortiz-Monzón
Corresponding author
ortiz_edu@gva.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Gaspar Aguilar, 90. E-46017 Valencia. Fax: +34 963 861 914.
, F. Gómez-Palonés, A. Plaza-Martínez, J.M. Zaragozá-García, J.I. Blanes-Mompó, S. Martínez-Meléndez, I. Martínez-Perelló, I. Crespo-Moreno, J.L. Briones-Estébanez
Servicio de Angiología, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Valencia, España.
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Article information
Resumen
Introducción

La rotura de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal constituye una complicación muy grave, que conlleva una mortalidad tras su reparación del 25 al 70%. La experiencia creciente en el tratamiento endovascular electivo de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal podría añadir una alternativa que disminuyera esta alta tasa de mortalidad.

Casos clinicos

Se aportan tres casos de rotura de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal con diferente forma de presentación clínica, que se trataron mediante exclusión en-dovascular. Uno de los pacientes se mantuvo con estabilidad hemodinámica y los otros dos presentaban inestabilidad, uno de loscuales con signos de infarto agudo de miocardio. El tratamiento endovascular se llevó a cabo entre una y 10 horas tras la admisión en el hospital. Se colocaron dos endoprótesis bifurcadas y una aortomonoilíaca, bajo anestesia general en el primer caso y local en los otros dos. No hubo complicaciones postoperatorias reseñables, y el paciente con el infarto evolucionó de forma satisfactoria. La estancia postoperatoria media en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos fue de tres días y la total de ocho días. Al alta, los pacientes se encontraron asintomáticos, sin complicaciones, con el injerto permeable y sin endofu-gas.

Discusión

El tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos puede ser una alternativa válida para reducir la alta mortalidad de la cirugía abierta convencional. Se deben cumplir una serie de requisitos para realizarlo: situación clínica del paciente, anatomía favorable del aneurisma, disponibilidad del material fungible pertinente, así como la dotación estructural y humana adecuada.

Palabras clave:
Aneurisma de aorta abdominal
Rotura
Tratamiento endovascular
Summary
Introduction

The rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is a very serious complication with a mortality rate following repair of between 25 and 70%. The growing amount of experience being acquired in the elective endovascular treatment of abdominal aorta aneurysms could provide a new alternative therapy that enables this high mortality rate to be lowered

Case report

We report three cases of ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysms with different clinical presentations which were treated by endovascular exclusion. One of the patients was kept haemodynamically stable and the other two presented instability, one of which showed signs of acute myocardial infarct. Endovascular treatment was performed between one and 10 hours after hospital admission. Two bifurcated and one aortomonoiliac stent grafts were performed; patients were given general anaesthetic in the first case and local anaesthetic in the other two. There were no post-operative complications worthy of mention and the patient with the infarct progressed satisfactorily. The mean post-operative stay in the Intensive Care Unit was three days and the total time was eight days. On discharge from hospital, the patients were seen to be asymptomatic and with no complications; the graft was patent and had no endoleaks.

Discussion

The endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysms can be a valid alternative with which to reduce the high mortality rate in conventional open surgery. A series of requisites must be satisfied before it can be carried out, including the clinical situation of the patient, a favourable anatomy of the aneurysm, the availability of required consumables, as well as suitable structural and human resources.

Key words:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Endovascular treatment
Rupture
Resumo
Introdução

A rotura de um aneurisma da aorta abdominal constitui uma complicação muito grave que comporta uma mortalidade, após a sua reparação, de 25 a 70%. A experiência crescente no tratamento endovascular electivo dos aneurismas da aorta abdominal poderá adicionar uma alternativa que diminuísse esta elevada taxa de mortalidade.

Casos clínicos

Descrevemse três casos de rotura de um aneurisma da aorta abdominal com diferente forma de apresentação clínica, que foram tratados por exclusão endovascular. Um dos doentes manteve estabilidade hemodinâmica e os outros dois apresentaram instabilidade, um dos quais com sinais de enfarte agudo do miocárdio. O tratamento endovascular foi realizado entre uma a 10 horas após a admissão no hospital. Colocaram-se duas en-dopróteses bifurcadas e uma aortomonoilíaca, sob anestesia geral no primeiro caso e local nos outros dois. Não houve complicações pós-operatórias a assinalar, e o doente com o enfarte evoluiu de forma satisfatória. O internamento pós-operatório médio na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos foi de três dias, com um total de oito dias. À alta, os doentes encontravam-se assintomáticos, sem complicações, com o enxerto permeável e sem endofugas.

Discussão

O tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas lesados da aorta abdominal pode ser uma alternativa válida para reduzir a elevada mortalidade da cirur-gia aberta convencional. Deve-se cumprir uma série de requisitos para realizá-lo: situação clínica do doente, anatomia favorável do aneurisma, disponibilidade do material fungível pertinente, assim como a dotação estrutural e humana adequada.

Palavras chave:
Aneurisma da aorta abdominal
Rotura
Tratamento endovascular
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Copyright © 2004. SEACV
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