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Inicio Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition) Prevalence and risk factors for complicated immuno-mediated uveitis: experience ...
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Original article
Uncorrected Proof. Available online 4 October 2024
Prevalence and risk factors for complicated immuno-mediated uveitis: experience in a tertiary hospital
Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para padecer una uveítis inmunomediada con mal pronóstico ocular: experiencia en un hospital de tercer nivel
P. Luque-Lineroa,
Corresponding author
paula3.pl@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Espejo-Gonzálezb, N. Navarrete-Navarretec
a Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
b Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Sevilla, Spain
c Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Sistémicas, Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Sevilla, Spain
Received 29 November 2023. Accepted 30 June 2024
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Main demographic and uveitis characteristics. General comparison between the cohorts of Granada, Navarre, and Barcelona.
Table 2. Main causes of immune-mediated uveitis in the Uveitis Unit of HVN Granada (%).
Table 3. Description of uveitis clinical variables in relation to the presence of ocular complications.
Table 4. Logistic regression of variables showing p < 0.25 in bivariate analysis.
Table 5. Comparative epidemiological studies by percentage of complications.
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Abstract
Objective

To describe the characteristics of patients with uveitis and ocular complications in a tertiary hospital. As well as to determine the risk factors for the development of an ocular complication.

Methods

Retrospective study of patients with uveitis evaluated in a Uveitis Unit of the Virgen de las Nieves Hospital from January 2018 to October 2022. A descriptive and analytical study was carried out using logistic regression to know the predictive factors of a poor ocular prognosis.

Results

A total of 127 patients were studied, of which 63% were women and 83.5% were Caucasian. The median age was 51 years IQR (15–88) years. Following the SUN classification, uveitis was predominantly bilateral (55.1%) and anterior (52%), had a recurrent evolution in 51,2% and only 12,6% were granulomatous. Of the total uveitis, 74,2% of the sample turned out to have an immune-mediated profile, although a final diagnosis was only reached in 46,1% of the patients. A total of 17,3% patients suffer from loss of vision. Visual complications in decreasing order were: posterior synechiae (15,6%), cystic macular edema (14.8%), cataracts (13,1%), glaucoma (8,2%), epiretinal membranes (4,9%) and neovascular membranes (1,7%) and retinal detachment (4%). In the bivariate analysis, ethnicity other than Caucasian was significant, p = 0,024, and a number of outbreaks greater than 2, p = 0,045. The rest of the variables analyzed were not significant. In the multivariate analysis, they were significant outbreaks OR: 1,2 CI (1,051−1,426) and ethnicity OR: 0,11 CI (0,014−0,938).

Conclusions

The number of outbreaks and non-Caucasian race were related to a greater probability of presenting an ocular complication. An earlier and more specific diagnosis of the etiology, especially in these patients, would allow earlier treatment and improve their prognosis.

Keywords:
Uveitis
Immune-mediated
Ocular prognosis
Ocular complication
Risk factor
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir las características de las uveítis inmunomediadas y sus complicaciones en un hospital de tercer nivel. Identificar los factores de riesgo para desarrollar una complicación ocular.

Material y métodos

Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con uveítis inmunomediadas valorados en la Unidad de Uveítis del Hospital Virgen de las Nieves de Granada entre enero 2018 y octubre 2022. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y analítico mediante una regresión logística para conocer los factores predictivos de mal pronóstico ocular.

Resultados

Se estudiaron un total de 127 pacientes, de los cuales 63% eran mujeres y el 83,5% caucásicos. La mediana de edad fue de 51 años RIC (15–88) años. Siguiendo la clasificación SUN, las uveítis eran predominantemente bilaterales (55,1%), anteriores (52%), 51,2% presentaban un curso recurrente y el 12,6% eran granulomatosas. Se alcanzó un diagnóstico etiológico en el 46,1% de los pacientes. El 17,3% de los pacientes sufrieron pérdida de agudeza visual. Las complicaciones visuales en orden decreciente fueron: sinequias posteriores (15,6%), edema macular quístico (14,8%), cataratas (13,1%), glaucoma (8,2%), membranas epirretinanias (4,9%) y neovasculares (1,7%), desprendimiento de retina (4%). En el análisis bivariante resultaron significativas la etnia diferente a la caucásica (p = 0,024), y un número de brotes superior a 2 (p = 0,045). El resto de variables analizadas no resultaron significativas. En el análisis multivariable, fueron significativos los brotes (OR: 1,2 IC (1,051−1,426)) y la etnia diferente a la caucásica (OR: 0,11 IC (0,014−0,938)).

Conclusiones

En nuestra cohorte, el número de brotes y la raza no caucásica se relacionaron con mayor probabilidad de presentar una complicación ocular. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento eficaz del episodio agudo y de los brotes podrían permitir mejorar el pronóstico visual de los pacientes con uveítis inmunomediada.

Palabras clave:
Uveítis
Inmunomediada
Pronóstico ocular
Complicación ocular
Factor de riesgo

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