array:23 [ "pii" => "S2173579419300453" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2019.02.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "1480" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:157-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 6 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 2 "PDF" => 4 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0365669119300632" "issn" => "03656691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2019.02.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "1480" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:157-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 92 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 64 "PDF" => 28 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluación del espesor de la capa retiniana de fibras del nervio óptico en fumadores" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "157" "paginaFinal" => "159" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in smokers" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Escrivá Pastor, S.M. Sanz Gonzalez, S. Torregrosa, M.D. Pinazo Durán, J. Benítez-del-Castillo, A.I. Ramírez-Sebastián, V. Zanón Moreno" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Escrivá Pastor" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.M." "apellidos" => "Sanz Gonzalez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Torregrosa" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.D." "apellidos" => "Pinazo Durán" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Benítez-del-Castillo" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.I." "apellidos" => "Ramírez-Sebastián" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Zanón Moreno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173579419300453" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2019.02.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579419300453?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669119300632?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03656691/0000009400000004/v2_202201280727/S0365669119300632/v2_202201280727/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579419300246" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2018.12.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-04-01" "aid" => "1459" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:160-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Importance of ocular electrophysiology in the diagnosis of retinal dystrophies" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "160" "paginaFinal" => "164" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Importancia de la electrofisiología ocular en el diagnóstico de las distrofias retinianas" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F.B. Domínguez-Serrano, E. Jiménez-López, M. Ramos Jiménez, B. Ponte-Zuñiga, A. Gómez-Escobar, M.J. Díaz-Granda, E. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, M.J. Morillo-Sánchez, C. Menéndez-de-León, E. Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa-Franch" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.B." "apellidos" => "Domínguez-Serrano" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-López" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Ramos Jiménez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Ponte-Zuñiga" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Escobar" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Díaz-Granda" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-Sánchez" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Morillo-Sánchez" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Menéndez-de-León" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa-Franch" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669119300255" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2018.12.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669119300255?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579419300246?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009400000004/v1_201903300700/S2173579419300246/v1_201903300700/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in smokers" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "157" "paginaFinal" => "159" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Escrivá Pastor, S.M. Sanz Gonzalez, S. Torregrosa, M.D. Pinazo Durán, J. Benítez-del-Castillo, A.I. Ramírez-Sebastián, V. Zanón Moreno" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Escrivá Pastor" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">◊</span>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S.M." "apellidos" => "Sanz Gonzalez" "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">◊</span>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Torregrosa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.D." "apellidos" => "Pinazo Durán" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Benítez-del-Castillo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] 5 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A.I." "apellidos" => "Ramírez-Sebastián" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "airamirez@med.ucm.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Zanón Moreno" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "vicente.zanon-moreno@uv.es" ] "referencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 4 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolia»/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Játiva, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Grupo de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Red Temática de Investigación cooperativa OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas «Ramón Castroviejo», Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding authors</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluación del espesor de la capa retiniana de fibras del nervio óptico en fumadores" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tobacco smoking originated in the ancient past. However, the Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to watch American natives making rolls with dried tobacco leaves, lighting up and taking puffs of smoke. This practice was taken to Spain together with many New World products which extended to Europe in the course of the 16th century. The first description of the tobacco plant was made in 1535 by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Governor of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">La Española</span> island, in his “General and Natural History of the Indies”. In turn, in the “Medicine History of Things Brought from Our Western Indies” published in Seville in 1580, physician Nicolás Monardes praised the healing properties of tobacco. Initially, tobacco was smoked. In fact, Spanish King Felipe IV decided to grant the sale of tobacco to individuals, establishing a tobacco franchise through Royal Order dated December 28, 1636. Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the use of tobacco became extended as inhaled powder known as snuff, a practice linked to wealth, nobility and modernity.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first to speak against the use of tobacco was Father Bartolomé de las Casas in his work “General History of Indies” (1520). As of that time, even though tobacco became a seemingly and inexhaustible source of revenue through taxes, kings, Popes and rulers have differed in their appreciation of tobacco. In the 19th century the preparation of cigars became an industry that enabled world-wide dissemination of the smoking habit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first studies about the composition of tobacco were dated in the mid-17th century, but only in 1828 analyses demonstrated that tobacco included a poisonous and pungent alkaloid known as nicotine. And, as from the publication of Morton Levin in 1950 linking tobacco smoking with lung cancer, multiple studies demonstrated the relationship between tobacco and a range of disorders including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurologic and neurosensory diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This gave rise to anti-smoking campaigns that continue to this day but even so the number of smokers increased exponentially in the 20th century, to the point of constituting a large epidemic which continues to grow.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the ocular diseases related to tobacco smoking such as cataracts, retinal vascular occlusions, open angle primary glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, the optic nerve is particularly vulnerable to the action of toxins such as medicaments, metals, organic solvents, methanol, carbon dioxide and also tobacco.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The abuse of tobacco and alcohol are the most frequent causes of toxic optic neuropathy, which usually associate vitamin deficit, constituting the so-called tobacco-alcohol amblyopia characterized by a loss of bilateral vision and well-defined campimetric alterations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In addition, it has been demonstrated that, as with of alcohol, the effects of tobacco on human eyes is dose-dependent and the severity of the ocular disease is directly related to the increase in the daily consumption of cigarettes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Also, experimental models that maintain control over a number of factors that could interfere in obtained results have demonstrated that the inhalation of cigarette extract in newborn rats directly injures the retinal ganglion cells, inducing their death due to apoptosis and autophagia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an instrument that, through laser interferometry, enables the histological identification of the retina and the choroids. This allows ophthalmologists to identify morphological changes in the retinal cyto-architecture and the characteristics and organization of its layers. In the year 2000, Blumenthal et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> confirmed the reproducibility of optic nerve retinal fiber layers (RNFL) measurements in glaucomatous and normal eyes using OCT. Since then, and together with the development of various OCT models, the structures being visualized have been defined and international agreements have been established regarding nomenclature and classification of retinal and choroidal layers in normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> and pathological eyes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some publications have reported contradictory results concerning the effects of tobacco smoking on retinal and choroidal OCT parameters in healthy subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a> Due to our interest in the subject and to the high prevalence of tobacco smoking (in 2018, 52,000 people died due to smoking-derived complications), we have carried out a collaborative study to determine possible structural changes in the RNFL using SD-OCT in smokers in order to determine whether said parameter could be utilized to identify individuals with higher risk of developing toxic optic neuropathy or nerve fiber complications in the course of other ocular diseases or systemic diseases with ocular repercussions. Said transversal study included 116 healthy participants (229 eyes) of both sexes divided in 3 groups: (1) smokers (SG; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36), (2) ex-smokers (ESG; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28) and (3) non-smokers (NSG; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52). Each participant was interviewed personally to obtain sociodemographic data, personal characteristics and lifestyle, ophthalmological examination including a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), eye fundus and papillary OCT examination.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean amount of cigarettes per day was 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8. Age-based distribution did not produce significant differences between the 3 groups (SG: 56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17 years; ESG: 55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 years; NSG: 53<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 years). The same was the case with BCVA for each eye, central corneal thickness and IOP. Our data demonstrate that the SG exhibit a peripapillary RNFL thickness reduction (RE: 89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm; LE: 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) when compared to the NSG (RE: 102<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm; LE: 101<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05). These results match those obtained by El-Shazly et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and Moschos et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> whereas Duman et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> did not report changes in said parameter among smokers and non-smokers. No sex-based differences were found in the data obtained in our study, or significant data related to the group of ESG.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OCT examination is a simple, noninvasive test with great potential for routine examinations in daily neuro-ophthalmology practices, being particularly useful for diagnostic and prognostic of tobacco neuropathies or the repercussion of tobacco on RNFL in patients with glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and even in the neurodegeneration process of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to emphasize that the RNFL thickness diminishes in healthy subjects, chronic smokers, and accordingly this characteristic should be taken into account in anamnesis as well as its possible repercussion in the final assessment of OCT examination of said subjects.</p><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This paper was partly funded by a project granted under competitive call made by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">regional government of Andalucia (Junta de Andalucía)</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">PI0430-2016</span>; <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">IP: Javier Benítez-del-Castillo</span>) and by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs3">OFTARED</span> funds of the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs4">Valencia</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs4">RD16/0008/0022</span>) and <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs5">Madrid groups</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs5">RD16/0008/0005</span>).</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Escrivá Pastor E, Sanz Gonzalez SM, Torregrosa S, Pinazo Durán MD, Benítez-del-Castillo J, Ramírez-Sebastián AI, et al. Evaluación del espesor de la capa retiniana de fibras del nervio óptico en fumadores. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:157–159.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "◊" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">These authors share first authorship.</p>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Historia del tabaco. Documento electrónico. Available from: <a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="https://tabacopedia.com/es/tematicas/historia-del-tabaco/">https://tabacopedia.com/es/tematicas/historia-del-tabaco/#</a>." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The history of the discovery of the cigarette-lung cancer link: evidentiary traditions, corporate denial, global toll" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.N. Proctor" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050338" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tob Control" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "91" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345227" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Toxic optic neuropathies: an updated review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Grzybowski" 1 => "M. Zülsdorff" 2 => "H. Wilhelm" 3 => "F. Tonagel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/aos.12515" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "402" "paginaFinal" => "410" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25159832" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Alcohol-tobacco optic neuropathy: analysis of campimetric defects by the static method" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Zingirian" 1 => "A. Rivara" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000304762" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmologica" "fecha" => "1965" "volumen" => "149" "paginaInicial" => "185" "paginaFinal" => "195" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14315344" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cigarette smoke extract causes injury in primary retinal ganglion cells via apoptosis and autophagy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Lee" 1 => "S. Hong" 2 => "G.J. Seong" 3 => "C.Y. Kim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3109/02713683.2015.1119856" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Eye Res" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "1367" "paginaFinal" => "1372" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27044350" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reproducibility of nerve fiber layer thickness measurements by use of optical coherence tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E.Z. Blumenthal" 1 => "J.M. Williams" 2 => "R.N. Weinreb" 3 => "C.A. Girkin" 4 => "C.C. Berry" 5 => "L.M. Zangwill" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "2278" "paginaFinal" => "2282" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11097610" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the IN·OCT consensus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "International Nomenclature for Optical Coherence Tomography (IN·OCT) Panel" "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Staurenghi" 1 => "S. Sadda" 2 => "U. Chakravarthy" 3 => "R.F. Spaide" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.023" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "121" "paginaInicial" => "1572" "paginaFinal" => "1578" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24755005" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cellular characterization of OCT and outer retinal bands using specific immunohistochemistry markers and clinical implications" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Cuenca" 1 => "I. Ortuño-Lizarán" 2 => "I. Pinilla" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.016" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "125" "paginaInicial" => "407" "paginaFinal" => "422" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29037595" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Histologic and optical coherence tomographic correlates in drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment in age-related macular degeneration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Balaratnasingam" 1 => "J.D. Messinger" 2 => "K.R. Sloan" 3 => "L.A. Yannuzzi" 4 => "K.B. Freund" 5 => "C.A. Curcio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.12.034" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "644" "paginaFinal" => "656" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28153442" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reduced retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in children with severe obesity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Pacheco-Cervera" 1 => "P. Codoñer-Franch" 2 => "R. Simó-Jordá" 3 => "S. Pons-Vázquez" 4 => "C. Galbis-Estrada" 5 => "M.D. Pinazo-Durán" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/ijpo.12005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Obes" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "448" "paginaFinal" => "453" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559237" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of active and passive smoking on retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.A.E. El-Shazly" 1 => "Y.A.T. Farweez" 2 => "L.S. Elewa" 3 => "Y.A. Elzankalony" 4 => "B.A.T. Farweez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2017/6354025" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "2017" "paginaInicial" => "6354025" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28491470" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The impact of chronic tobacco smoking on retinal and choroidal thickness in Greek population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.M. Moschos" 1 => "E. Nitoda" 2 => "K. Laios" 3 => "D.S. Ladas" 4 => "I.P. Chatziralli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2016/2905789" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oxid Med Cell Longev" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "2016" "paginaInicial" => "2905789" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885247" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of smoking on the thickness of retinal layers in healthy smokers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Duman" 1 => "R. Duman" 2 => "M. Cem Sabaner" 3 => "E. Çetinkaya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/15569527.2017.1300162" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cutan Ocul Toxicol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "366" "paginaFinal" => "369" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28277878" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009400000004/v1_201903300700/S2173579419300453/v1_201903300700/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "5814" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009400000004/v1_201903300700/S2173579419300453/v1_201903300700/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579419300453?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
Journal Information
Vol. 94. Issue 4.
Pages 157-159 (April 2019)
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 94. Issue 4.
Pages 157-159 (April 2019)
Editorial
Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in smokers
Evaluación del espesor de la capa retiniana de fibras del nervio óptico en fumadores
Visits
7
E. Escrivá Pastora,b,◊, S.M. Sanz Gonzaleza,c,d,◊, S. Torregrosae, M.D. Pinazo Durána,c,d, J. Benítez-del-Castillof, A.I. Ramírez-Sebastiáng,
, V. Zanón Morenoa,c,d,h,
Corresponding author
Corresponding author
a Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica «Santiago Grisolia»/FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
b Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, Játiva, Valencia, Spain
c Grupo de Oftalmobiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
d Red Temática de Investigación cooperativa OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Spain
e Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain
f Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
g Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas «Ramón Castroviejo», Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
h Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
This item has received
Article information
These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscribe
Purchase
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail