Standardisation in the methodology and interpretation of the defocus curves and contrast sensitivity in the evaluation of intraocular lenses

Rocha-de-Lossada, C.; Sánchez-González, J.M.; Borroni, D.; Peraza-Nieves, J.

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2020.02.009

array:23 ["pii" => "S2173579420300578" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.02.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-07-01" "aid" => "1657" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:313-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0365669120300952" "issn" => "03656691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2020.03.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-07-01" "aid" => "1657" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:313-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Editorial" "titulo" => "Estandarización en la metodología e interpretación de las curvas de desenfoque y la sensibilidad al contraste en el estudio de lentes intraoculares" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "314" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Standardisation in the methodology and interpretation of the defocus curves and contrast sensitivity in the evaluation of intraocular lenses" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Rocha-de-Lossada, J.M. Sánchez-González, D. Borroni, J. Peraza-Nieves" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Rocha-de-Lossada" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-González" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Borroni" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Peraza-Nieves" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173579420300578" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.02.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300578?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669120300952?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03656691/0000009500000007/v2_202108170628/S0365669120300952/v2_202108170628/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579420300724" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2020.03.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-07-01" "aid" => "1677" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:315-21" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Aqueous humor interleukin-6 levels in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): A systematic review and meta-analysis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "315" "paginaFinal" => "321" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Niveles de interleucina-6 en el humor acuoso en glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA): revisión sistemática y meta-análisis" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1450 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 128297 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Possible interaction between IL-6 and TGF-β. TGF-β through canonical and non-canonical pathways induced the activation of Smad2/3 and JAK1/Stat3, respectively. While IL-6 upregulates the phosphorylation of JAK1/Sexhibit pleiotropic effects. IL-6 and TGF-β simultaneously inhibit and stimulate each other. TGF-β possibly inhibits IL-1 induced IL-6 secretion in POAG." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Z.S. Ulhaq, G.V. Soraya" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Z.S." "apellidos" => "Ulhaq" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G.V." "apellidos" => "Soraya" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669120301167" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2020.03.018" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669120301167?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300724?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000007/v1_202007090642/S2173579420300724/v1_202007090642/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Editorial" "titulo" => "Standardisation in the methodology and interpretation of the defocus curves and contrast sensitivity in the evaluation of intraocular lenses" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "314" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Rocha-de-Lossada, J.M. Sánchez-González, D. Borroni, J. Peraza-Nieves" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Rocha-de-Lossada" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "carlosrochadelossada5@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-González" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Borroni" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Peraza-Nieves" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Tecnolaser Clinic Vision, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Área óptica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Corneal and External Eye Diseases, St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Estandarización en la metodología e interpretación de las curvas de desenfoque y la sensibilidad al contraste en el estudio de lentes intraoculares" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Defocus curves and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) analysis are used to assess and report visual results of intraocular lenses (IOL). Defocus curves assess visual acuity (VA) at different distances due to the simulation produced by the various defocus lens being applied so that, by changing the vergence, different focus planes are simulated while the patient gazes at a far distance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">1</a> This assessment generally utilizes relative criteria (where the VA limit is related to the level of best achieved VA) or absolute criteria (where the VA limit is independent from the best achieved VA, with 0.3logMAR being the most widely used limit).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">1,2</a> In 2007, Gupta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a> already demonstrated that randomization in lens interposition was necessary to obtain defocus curves in order to avoid the learning effect. In this regard, said authors demonstrated that Weghaupt et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">3</a> might have overestimated the focal depth of the Array IOL and in addition proposed the necessity of standardizing defocus curves.Five years later, Buckhurst et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">1</a> proposed an assessment of the focus areas in the defocus curves instead of using relative and/or absolute criteria, demonstrating that these areas exhibited a better correlation with the subjective vision of patients. Similarly, said author insisted on the necessity of standardizing defocus curves in order to compare different IOLs on a uniform basis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a> We know that CSF is more sensitive to small optical quality changes when compared with VA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">4</a> and for this reason it is generally utilized for studying IOLs, particularly multifocal IOLs (mfIOL). However, studies that assessed differences in contrast sensitivity (CS) in different mfIOLs utilized nonstandardized tools for measuring CSF (particularly, studies that utilize CV-10005 and the Functional Acuity Contrast Test [FACT])<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">6</a> measuring different spatial frequencies and different lighting conditions (photopic, mesopic and/or scotopic). In addition, CSF only reports results in far gaze and only finds differences at that distance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">5,6</a> This led to the development of contrast sensitivity defocus curves that measure CS at different distances.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">7</a>The scientific community is fully aware of the importance of methods in any clinic study and the significance of the fact that said studies clearly described the methodology used to conduct their research for replication by subsequent researchers and/or academics. However, despite the recommendations of Buckhurst et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">1</a> and Gupta et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a> we continue to find studies that do not fulfill standardized criteria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">8</a> that provide new knowledge to the scientific community but do not contribute information about their methodology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">9</a> or assess VA and defocus curves but not CSF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">10</a> Even more, studies that assess CSF and VA but without applying defocus curves.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">6</a> We believe that the utilization of new devices such as the Multifocal Lens Analyzer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">7</a> that systematically utilizes a randomized sequence of letters, focus areas and measures a specific defocus range (+1.00 to −4.00D) and in addition enables the measurement of VA defocus curves as well as distance contrast sensitivity curves, diminishing in this way the time required by the test from 20–30min to 8–10min. This could be a starting point to establish a protocol for carrying out defocus curves. We also understand that other systems that standardized contrast sensitivity studies and allow the study of several frequencies at several distances, unnecessary in order to obtain standardized protocols for interpreting visual results of IOLs, particularly mfIOLs. We propose is that the scientific community should set up a protocol for conducting and reporting defocus and contrast sensitivity curves in scientific studies. We also recommend measuring both curves always in a uniform manner and under the same conditions.FundingNo funding has been received for the preparation of this paper." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Rocha-de-Lossada C, Sánchez-González JM, Borroni D, Peraza-Nieves J. Estandarización en la metodología e interpretación de las curvas de desenfoque y la sensibilidad al contraste en el estudio de lentes intraoculares. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:313–314." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Multifocal intraocular lens differentiation using defocus curves" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.J. Buckhurst" 1 => "J.S. Wolffsohn" 2 => "S.A. Naroo" 3 => "L.N. Davies" 4 => "G.K. Bhogal" 5 => "A. Kipioti" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1167/iovs.11-9234" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "3920" "paginaFinal" => "3926" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22589435" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Is randomisation necessary for measuring defocus curves in pre-presbyopes?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Gupta" 1 => "S.A. Naroo" 2 => "J.S. Wolffsohn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.clae.2007.02.005" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cont Lens Anterior Eye" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "119" "paginaFinal" => "124" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of pseudoaccommodation and visual quality between a diffractive and refractive multifocal intraocular lens" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H. Weghaupt" 1 => "S. Pieh" 2 => "C. Skorpik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0886-3350(98)80262-9" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cataract Refract Surg" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "663" "paginaFinal" => "665" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9610450" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Designing a new test for contrast sensitivity function measurement with iPad" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Rodríguez-Vallejo" 1 => "L. Remón" 2 => "J.A. Monsoriu" 3 => "W.D. Furlan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.optom.2014.06.003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Optom" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "101" "paginaFinal" => "108" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25890826" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison between mix-and-match implantation of bifocal intraocular lenses and bilateral implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Bilbao-Calabuig" 1 => "F. González-López" 2 => "F. Amparo" 3 => "G. Alvarez" 4 => "S.R. Patel" 5 => "F. Llovet-Osuna" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3928/1081597X-20160630-01" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Refract Surg" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "659" "paginaFinal" => "663" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27722752" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparative analysis of visual outcomes, reading skills, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction with two models of trifocal diffractive intraocular lenses and an extended range of vision intraocular lens" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R. Mencucci" 1 => "E. Favuzza" 2 => "O. Caporossi" 3 => "A. Savastano" 4 => "S. Rizzo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00417-018-4052-3" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "256" "paginaInicial" => "1913" "paginaFinal" => "1922" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fast measure of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity defocus curves with an iPad application" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Fernández" 1 => "M. Rodríguez-Vallejo" 2 => "A. Tauste" 3 => "C. Albarrán" 4 => "I. Basterra" 5 => "D. Piñero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2174/1874364101913010015" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Open Ophthalmol J" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "15" "paginaFinal" => "22" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Visual performance of a small-aperture intraocular lens: first comparison of results after contralateral and bilateral implantation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.E. Ang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3928/1081597X-20191114-01" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Refract Surg" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "12" "paginaFinal" => "19" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31917846" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A comparative evaluation of a new generation of diffractive trifocal and extended depth of focus intraocular lenses" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B. Cochener" 1 => "G. Boutillier" 2 => "M. Lamard" 3 => "C. Auberger-Zagnoli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3928/1081597X-20180530-02" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Refract Surg" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "507" "paginaFinal" => "514" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30089179" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Defocus curves of 4 presbyopia-correcting IOL designs: diffractive panfocal, diffractive trifocal, segmental refractive, and extended-depth-of-focus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Böhm" 1 => "K. Petermann" 2 => "E. Hemkeppler" 3 => "T. Kohnen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.07.014" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cataract Refract Surg" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "1625" "paginaFinal" => "1636" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000007/v1_202007090642/S2173579420300578/v1_202007090642/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "5814" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009500000007/v1_202007090642/S2173579420300578/v1_202007090642/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300578?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

ISSN: 2173-5794
e-ISSN: 1989-7286

Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología is the official journal of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain, that has over 4,000 members. It gives priority to the publication of basic, translational and clinic research including reviews, original articles, short communications, editorials, letters to the editor and clinic practice guides related to Ophthalmology and its subspecialties. A small section of the journal is reserved for the most relevant papers presented at the annual Congress of the Society. All manuscripts considered for publication are reviewed by expert examiner peers (double blind). The journal is published monthly and even though its official language is Spanish all articles are translated into English to increase the dissemination of scientific information. At present, Archivos is the only Spanish language Ophthalmology journal indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE in addition to other prestigious international databases such as Scopus.

See more Open Access Option

Indexed in:

PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, EMBASE, IBECS, IME, SCIELO, BIOSIS, SENIOR, COMPLUDOC

Subscribe:

Citescore

CiteScore measures average citations received per document published.

Citescore 2023

1.2

SJR

SRJ is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact.

SJR 2023

0.247

SNIP

SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field.

SNIP 2023

0.263

View more metrics

Journal Information

Previous article | Next article

Vol. 95. Issue 7.