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Merino Sanz, I. del Cerro Pérez, G. Alan Peinado, P. Gómez de Liaño Sánchez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Merino Sanz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "del Cerro Pérez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Alan Peinado" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Gómez de Liaño Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173579419300040" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2018.11.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579419300040?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669118303551?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03656691/0000009400000003/v3_202201280722/S0365669118303551/v3_202201280722/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173579418301798" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2018.12.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-03-01" "aid" => "1414" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:114-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluation of the angle of the anterior chamber using ultrasound biomicroscopy, gonioscopy and a Van Herick examination" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "114" "paginaFinal" => "118" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Valoración del ángulo de la cámara anterior mediante biomicroscopia ultrasónica, gonioscopia y examen de Van Herick" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1561 "Ancho" => 3191 "Tamanyo" => 133131 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between age and UBM.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Carrizosa Murcia, D.V. Rey Rodríguez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Carrizosa Murcia" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.V." "apellidos" => "Rey Rodríguez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669118303083" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2018.09.011" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669118303083?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579418301798?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009400000003/v1_201903010631/S2173579418301798/v1_201903010631/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173579419300192" "issn" => "21735794" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2018.12.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-03-01" "aid" => "1466" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Oftalmología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:105-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "The health products scandal and the problem of perfluorocarbon fluids" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "105" "paginaFinal" => "106" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "El escándalo de los productos sanitarios y el problema de los perfluorocarbonados líquidos" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.C. Pastor Jimeno" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Pastor Jimeno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669119300322" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2018.12.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669119300322?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579419300192?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009400000003/v1_201903010631/S2173579419300192/v1_201903010631/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Causes and surgical treatment of diplopia and strabismus secondary to myasthenia gravis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "113" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "P. Merino Sanz, I. del Cerro Pérez, G. Alan Peinado, P. Gómez de Liaño Sánchez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Merino Sanz" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "pilimerino@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "del Cerro Pérez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Alan Peinado" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Gómez de Liaño Sánchez" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Sección de Motilidad Ocular, Departamento de Oftalmología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Causas y tratamiento quirúrgico de la diplopía y estrabismo en la miastenia gravis" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic disease involving neuromuscular transmission disorders characterized by weakness and fatigue of voluntary musculature, above all those innervated by cranial pairs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MG is caused by a self-immune acquired disorder in which antibodies are formed against post-synaptic acetylcholine (Ach) receptors. The ocular musculature is involved in 90% of patients and is the form of presentation in 75% of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Ocular MG (OMG) is a form of myasthenia with clinic compromise of extraocular muscles, upper eyelid elevator and orbicular muscle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The incidence of OMG varies between 1/20,000/year and 0.4/1,000,000/year. No preference has been shown for race or geography, although males are affected with greater frequency.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a> Any age group can be affected although the group under 10 years of age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and over 70 is highly infrequent. However, the prevalence of the disease is increasing in elderly patients, probably due to diminished mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> According to onset, OMG is classified as early (<50 years) and late onset (>50 years).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Graves disease coexists in 4–10% of patients was myasthenia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinic ocular characteristics of MG are ptosis and diplopia, the latter being the second most frequent symptom due to weakness or palsy of extraocular muscles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> MG is able to imitate any muscular palsy clinic, ranging from isolated palsy, complete external ophthalmoplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, one-and-a-half syndrome, III pair palsy without pupil compromise, dual palsy of elevators, etc.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> Classically, the most frequently affected muscle is the middle rectus followed by inferior rectus and inferior and superior oblique muscles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However, the frequency of compromise of each has not been exactly determined in the medical literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Bell's phenomenon could be diminished or absent. Pupil and accommodation disorders are not clinically significant.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In MG there is absence of ocular pain, diminished VA, headaches and pupil anomalies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of the present study is to evaluate ocular motility alterations of patients diagnosed with MG, treatment applied to resolve diplopia and results obtained at the ocular motility and diplopia consulting room of a tertiary hospital.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study of clinic records of patients diagnosed with or treated for diplopia or strabismus due to MG at the ocular motility Dept. of the authors’ hospital in the past 20 years. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of said hospital, and data collection was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki protocol.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclusion criteria accepted all cases with diplopia or strabismus, associated to ptosis or not, and diagnosed with MG by the Neurology Dept. after performing appropriate diagnostic tests and with clinic suspicion of the condition, even when the patients were referred from the Ophthalmology Dept. Exclusion criteria comprised cases with suspected MG clinic but discarded by Neurology after carrying out appropriate diagnostic tests, including positive response to pharmacological treatment.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main variables were age, sex, compromised eye, the presence of ptosis and diplopia and the initial diagnosis for diplopia (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Collected data included evolution time of symptoms and progression to generalized MG. This was collected from the Neurology Dept. examination. Deviation in the 9 gaze positions and the Bielschowsky maneuver were carried out with the alternate cover test with prisms or with Hirschberg test in case of poor fixation or cooperation. The secondary variables included analysis of data on initial and final duction limitations, subjective torsion analyzed with the Maddox lens and objective ocular torsion analyzed with retinography, binocular vision (BV) and stereopsis evaluated at baseline and at the end of follow-up with the Worth test or TNO, and the Lancaster screen. The treatment in each case was analyzed, whether strabismus surgery was performed, follow-up time from diagnostic up to the last examination, the origination of the patient (Ophthalmology or Neurology) and results. Strabismus surgery was performed in the presence of chronic diplopia and strabismus, and stable after verifying the absence of response to pharmacological treatment. A positive result was regarded when diplopia or deviation were absent at the end of the follow-up in primary gaze and reading gaze position.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical study was carried out with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Said study included mean and standard deviation (SD) for age and the evolution period since symptom onset as well as the percentage of males and females, diplopia frequency at baseline and follow-up, percentage of positive results with medical or surgical treatment and mean follow-up.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample comprised 14 cases. Mean age was 55.64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24.24 years (range: 2–82 years), 9 (64.28%) were females and 5 (35.72%) were males. In 10 patients (71.43%) the diagnostic was made in Neurology. However, 4 cases (28.57%) were diagnosed by an ophthalmologist and referred to Neurology. Nince cases (64.28%) initially presented as OMG, with 3 (21.42%) as general MG and to (14.28%) as congenital MG of 2 and 13 years of age, respectively. None of the OMG cases generalized during the follow-up period. In 2 cases (14.28%) Graves disease was associated without exhibiting related ophthalmological alterations.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In what concerns ophthalmological clinic, 10 (71.43%) cases MG presented bilaterally and only in 4 cases (28.28%) one eye was affected (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Symptoms included diplopia in all 14 cases (100%) and 9 (64.29%) associated ptosis. The mean evolution period of symptoms was 18.15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24.68 months (0.33–60 months).</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most frequent ocular deviation in primary gaze position was horizontal: 11 cases (78.57%), 8 of which exhibited exotropia. In 4 cases (28.57%) vertical deviation was observed (2 of which associated horizontal deviation). One patient did not exhibit deviation in primary gaze position (7.14%) despite exhibiting diplopia in infraversion due to right side hyperphoria secondary to inferior rectus palsy of the right eye. Baseline diagnostic in 4 cases was palsy of the III nerve (bilateral in 3), in 2 cases palsy of the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">vi</span> nerve (bilateral in one), in 3 palsy of the superior or inferior rectus, in one IV nerve palsy, exotropia in 3 and endotropia in 1 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). According to duction analysis, the lateral rectus would be affected in 6 cases, the superior rectus in 4, the median rectus in 3, the inferior rectus in 3 and the superior oblique in one.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients (100%) were treated with pharmacological systemic treatment, 12 (85.71%) with pyridostigmine, 2 (14.28%) with azathioprine and one (7.14%) with amifampridine due to short age (2 years). In 11 cases (78.57%) variable doses of prednisone were associated, although one had to suspend treatment due to frequent bone fractures. Overall, 6 patients (42.85%) were controlled without diplopia, only with pharmacological systemic treatment.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In what concerns ophthalmological treatment, 4 patients (28.57%) underwent surgery for strabismus due to lack of improvement with pharmacological treatments, for having a large deviation angle in 3 cases (1, 3 and 5), and due to the chronic nature of strabismus (range, 16–84 months), with good final result in 100% of cases. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> details the surgical procedures. Two cases required 2 surgical times due to large deviation angles. Surgery was performed under topical anesthesia in 3 cases (75%). General anesthesia was utilized in a pediatric patient. In one case (7.14%) diplopia was resolved with prisms. However, in 3 cases (21.42%) it proved impossible to control deviation up to the end of the study due to deviation angle variability in 2 patients and to the short age of a 2-year-old with multiple pathologies and impossibility of carrying out surgical treatment due to systemic conditions. Ptosis required surgical treatment in one case (7.14%) that in addition had been previously treated with botox in the palpebral area due to associated idiopathic blepharospasm (no apparent relationship with the disease), without systemic side effects.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Good results were obtained in 11 patients (78.57%) at the end of the study. The mean follow-up time was 50.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54.05 months (1–168 months).</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The majority of scientific publications overestimate MG and OMG as base their diagnostic criteria on the presence of ptosis or diplopia associated to a positive result in one of the following tests: ice, edrophonium, Cogan sign, fatigue or worsening of upper gaze, anti-Ach antibodies and anomalous isolated fiber EMG (Jitter).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,13,14</span></a> However, the present study was able to collect the data of only 14 patients treated in the ocular motility and diplopia practice with a certain diagnostic of MG and OMG. The small number of the sample could be due to lack of referral of patients from Neurology to Ophthalmology in cases exhibiting disappearance of diplopia with systemic treatment which annuls any reason for referral. However, 28.57% of cases were diagnosed in the diplopia practice, emphasizing the importance of considering this disease in the presence of double vision or acute onset strabismus, with or without ptosis, particularly in the presence of symptomatic variability and despite rarity and higher frequency of more frequent diseases such as cranial nerve palsy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Between 20 and 50% of patients with OMG develop generalized clinic disease within 2 years. Even though the optimum treatment of OMG is not yet established, corticoids diminish the progression to generalization of the disease in patients not treated with corticoids or with interrupted medication.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,7,16,17</span></a> If the disease continues to be only ocular during 3 years, the probability of generalization is low. In the small sample of the present study, none of the patients developed the generalized disease despite a sufficiently extended mean follow-up time (50.21 months). Between 10 and 20% of cases with OMG exhibit spontaneous remission. Treatment with corticoids and azathioprine seems to produce higher incidence of remissions and lower progression to generalized disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,7,9,17</span></a> None of the cases of this study exhibited remission despite systemic treatment with corticoids in 11 patients. Cholinesterase inhibitors could improve symptoms, mainly ptosis but not diplopia, and do not prevent disease progression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> No OMG predictor factors have been found indicating the development of generalized MG, although female sex, old age and the presence of positive anti-Ach antibodies facilitate said progression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,19</span></a> The percentage of females in the present sample was 64.28%, although this figure per se could not explain the absence of progression to generalized MG and reported male sex preference for OMG.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Two of the present cases (14.28%) associated Graves disease, matching scientific publication data.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic tests for OMG are less sensitive than for general MG, and this increases the importance of clinic symptoms and signs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a> According to published literature, isolated ptosis accounts for 10% of MG cases, the association of ptosis and diplopia accounts for 64–90%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and orbicular compromise 25%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the present sample, diplopia expressed in 100% of cases while 9 (64.29%) associated ptosis. Isolated ptosis was not observed in any patient.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diplopia was controlled in 6 cases (42.85%) with pharmacological systemic treatment, whereas ptosis was resolved with systemic treatment in all cases except one, which required surgery. This supports published studies reporting that diplopia is more difficult to resolve as it requires a perfect oculomotor system to achieve perfect alignment of visual axes to reach fusion and good BV. A minimum alteration of an extraocular muscle would cause alterations of BV and the emergence of diplopia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MG and OMG can simulate any incomitant strabismus condition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The most affected muscles are the middle and inferior rectus. In severe cases, a total ophthalmoplegia condition could arise.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3,9</span></a> In the present sample, the baseline diagnostic and impairment of an extra-ocular muscle were variable, with greater impairment of the lateral rectus followed by the superior rectus, while the middle and inferior rectus exhibited the same incidence.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Strabismus surgery is reserved for chronic and documented cases with stable ocular deviation and limitation of ocular movements, and is not recommended in the active phase of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21–24</span></a> The most convenient surgical technique involves the recession of the extraocular muscles instead of resections due to subsequent muscular fibrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Even though the administration of botulinum toxin is controversial, it has been utilized with good results in patients with OMG.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Prisms are generally not tolerated due to the incomitance of deviation, but could be effective in small deviations while awaiting resolution of symptoms or stability. In the present study, only one patient resolved diplopia with prisms. Even though the long-term prognosis is uncertain, good surgical results can be achieved with strabismus surgery in patients with OMG and MG that develop diplopia and strabismus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Overall, 4 cases of the present study required strabismus surgery, 3 of which had a larger deviation angle that required surgery in 2 surgical periods, and one case with stable and chronic diplopia with 5 years evolution and a small vertical deviation angle which was corrected with partial recession of the superior rectus. All the operated cases achieved good results at the end of the follow-up period. Botulinum toxin treatment was applied in one patient with blepharospasm associated to ptosis who was later operated for said reason.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even though good results were obtained in 78.57%, the mean evolution time of diplopia was long (18.15 months) and patients waited a long time before having double vision and deviation under control.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of the present study are the small sample size, which was due to the lack of referral to the ocular motility and diplopia practice, and does not enable drawing conclusions about the actual incidence of the disease and its various expressions. An additional limitation is the retrospective nature of the study which involves the absence of historical data such as objective and subjective torsion.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By way of conclusion, one third of patients were diagnosed with suspected disease by the ophthalmologist, which must be taken into account in the presence of binocular diplopia and acute onset strabismus at any age. The most frequent baseline diagnostic was III nerve palsy. This strabismus surgery achieved positive results in all intervened cases. Multidisciplinary neurological and ophthalmological treatment was able to resolve diplopia and deviation in the majority of cases, although a percentage remained with diplopia, for which reason an increase in the referral to Ophthalmology by Neurology would be convenient to improve the clinic situation of patients with MG.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No conflict of interests.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1157232" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1084453" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1157233" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1084452" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-10-01" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-11-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1084453" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Myasthenia gravis" 1 => "Ocular myasthenia gravis" 2 => "Diplopia" 3 => "Oculomotor palsy" 4 => "Ptosis" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1084452" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Miastenia gravis" 1 => "Miastenia gravis ocular" 2 => "Diplopía" 3 => "Parálisis oculomotora" 4 => "Ptosis" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To present a report of the ocular motility disorders, treatment and outcomes of myasthenia gravis (MG).</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study was performed on the data of patients with MG. An evaluation was made using mean age, gender, initial diagnosis, ocular deviation, time of onset of clinical characteristics, treatment and results. Resolution of diplopia and/or ocular deviation in primary and reading gaze was considered a good outcome at the end of follow-up.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 14 cases were included. The mean age of the sample was 55.64 years, of which 9 were women, and 10 cases were bilateral. The diagnosis was made by ophthalmologists in 4 cases. The initial diagnoses were diverse: bilateral cranial third nerve palsy in 3, unilateral third nerve palsy in 1, superior or inferior rectus palsy in 3, sixth nerve palsy in 2, fourth nerve palsy in 1, exotropia in 3 and esotropia in 1. Diplopia was presented in 14 cases and 9 associated ptosis. The different types of strabismus were horizontal ocular deviation in 11 cases: 8 with exotropia, and 4 with vertical deviation. Strabismus surgery was performed in 4 cases that did not respond to medical treatment, with a good final outcome. Pharmacological treatment resolved diplopia in 6 cases, and prisms in one. Ptosis surgery was only necessary in one patient. Outcome was favorable in 78.57% at the end of follow-up.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acute onset diplopia caused by strabismus with variable angle or oculomotor palsy, associated or not with a ptosis can indicate MG. There were favorable outcomes with strabismus surgery. Pharmacological treatment did not resolve the diplopia in all cases.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir las alteraciones de la motilidad ocular, tratamiento y resultados en la miastenia gravis (MG).</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y método</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron retrospectivamente datos de pacientes con MG. Se evaluaron la edad media, el sexo, el diagnóstico inicial, la desviación ocular, la evolución de los síntomas, el tratamiento realizado y los resultados. Se consideró buen resultado la resolución de la desviación o diplopía al final del seguimiento en posición primaria de mirada y lectura.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 14 casos (9: mujeres; bilaterales: 10) de edad media: 55,64 años. En 4 el diagnóstico fue realizado en oftalmología. El diagnóstico inicial fue en 3 casos parálisis del <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span> par bilateral, en uno parálisis del <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span> par unilateral, en 3 paresia de recto superior o inferior, en 2 casos parálisis del <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">vi</span> par, en uno paresia del <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span> par, en 3 de exotropía y en uno de endotropía. La diplopía se presentó en los 14 casos y 9 asociaron ptosis. La desviación ocular fue horizontal en 11 (8: exotropía) y vertical en 4. Se realizó cirugía de estrabismo con buen resultado final en 4 casos que no respondieron al tratamiento farmacológico. Seis pacientes resolvieron la diplopía con el tratamiento farmacológico y un caso con prismas. La ptosis requirió tratamiento quirúrgico en un paciente. Se consiguieron buenos resultados en un 78,57%.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La diplopía de comienzo agudo secundaria a un estrabismo de ángulo variable o parálisis oculomotora, con o sin ptosis, puede ser diagnóstico de MG. La cirugía de estrabismo consiguió buenos resultados. El tratamiento farmacológico no consiguió resolver la diplopía en todos los casos.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Merino Sanz P, del Cerro Pérez I, Alan Peinado G, Gómez de Liaño Sánchez P. Causas y tratamiento quirúrgico de la diplopía y estrabismo en la miastenia gravis. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:107–113.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">The present paper was presented as a verbal communications at the 17th Congress of the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society of Spain held in Tarragona May 10–12, 2018.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BE: both eyes; n: near; CHAT: choline acetyltransferase enzyme; HD: horizontal deviation; VD: vertical deviation; excycle: excycletorsion; M: male; Hp: hypertropia; hp: hypotropia; incycle: incycletorsion; f: far; F: female; CMG: congenital myasthenia gravis; GM: generalized myasthenia; OMG: ocular myasthenia gravis; RE: right eye; LE: left eye; IR: inferior rectus; SR: superior rectus.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eye \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evolution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline diagnostic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Neurological examination \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subjective torsion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objective torsion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Duction limitations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Origin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Palsy VI bilateral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No data \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">+20° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abduction<br>Infraduction<br>Supraduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Exotropia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No data \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−35° n<br>−30° f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Palsy III bilateral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Repetitive stimulation+<br>Jitter+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Excycle LE 10° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abduction<br>Aduction<br>Infraduction<br>Supraduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Exotropia<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Jitter<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>response to pyridostigmine+<br>Anti-Ach−<br>Anti-MUSK− \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes<br>Hp LE 4° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><br>−8° n<br>−10° f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endotropia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Clinic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">+25° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Palsy IV LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-Ach+<br>Jitter− \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hp LE 6° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Excycle LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Palsy III incomplete RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Repetitive stimulation+<br>Jitter+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−3° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Supraduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ophthalmology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Exotropia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Repetitive stimulation+<br>CHAT deficit (congenital) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−15° n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Palsy III incomplete BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Jitter+<br>Anti-Ach+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−7° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abduction<br>Aduction<br>Infraduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Palsy III BE incomplete \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No data \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hp RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−25° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Incycle RE 10° \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abduction<br>Aduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Paresis IR RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-Ach+<br>Jitter+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hp RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Paresis VI RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-Ach−<br>Jitter+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">+2° n<br>+5° f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ophthalmology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Paresis SR LE and IR RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OMG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Repetitive stimulation+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neurology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ptosis<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diplopia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Paresis SR LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-Ach+<br>Jitter+ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−5° n and f \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Supraduction<br>Abduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ophthalmology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1975927.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oculomotor and neurological myasthenia gravis examination data.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A: azathioprine; Abd: abduction; adu: adduction; BE: both eyes; LE: left eye; RE: right eye; P: pyridostigmine; Resec: resection; Retro: retroinsertion; LRs: lateral rectus; MRs: middle rectus; SR: superior rectus; supra: supraduction; Trat: treatment.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Med. treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Timectomy/Ig/plasmapheresis/micofenolate/cyclosporine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Duration of strabismus or diplopia unto surgery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Surgery type \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Final duction limitations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anesthesia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prisms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Result \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Follow-up period \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Graves disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Retro MRs 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abd, adu, supra BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">General \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">84 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Retro LRs 8.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<br>Resec MRs 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abd BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Topical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Supra RE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Poor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">84 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Retro MRs 6 and 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm<br>Resec LRs 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Topical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">156 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Retro partial nasal SR 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm LE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Topical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ig in acute condition \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids amifampridine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Poor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Abd, adu \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No data \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">168 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Poor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticoids<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Good \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1975926.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Treatment and results with myasthenia gravis patients.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => 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