Platelet rich plasma in ocular surface | Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition)

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(A) Pterygium head cleavage and surface keratectomy with Crescent 2.5mm scalpel (Beaver-Visitec Labs, Waltham, MA, USA). Note the width of the scleral bed. (B) Conjunctival graft turned over the cornea after releasing the limbus, with the basal side facing upwards. (C) Placing the graft over the scleral bed with a hinge maneuver after applying Tissucol®. Note the orientation of the limbal edge, identified with the asterisk. (D) Appearance after surgery." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Gargallo-Benedicto, D. Hernández Pérez, Á. Olate-Pérez, E. Betancur-Delgado, M. Cerdà-Ibáñez, A. Duch-Samper" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Gargallo-Benedicto" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Hernández Pérez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Á." "apellidos" => "Olate-Pérez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Betancur-Delgado" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." 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Riestra, J.M. Alonso-Herreros, J. Merayo-Lloves" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A.C." "apellidos" => "Riestra" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ana.riestra@fio.as" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Herreros" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Merayo-Lloves" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Los Arcos del Mar Menor, Pozo Aledo, Murcia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Plasma rico en plaquetas en superficie ocular" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionRole of haematic derivates in ophthalmology. Historical perspective. Use of autologous serumTears have a very complex composition, with water being the main component (98.3%), followed by salts (1%), proteins and glucoproteins (0.7%), and hydrocarbons, lipids and others in smaller amounts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">1</a>Tears have the following properties:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•Refractive</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•Mechanical, as lubricant.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Antimicrobian, not only due to its barrier and cleansing function but also because it comprises lymphocytes, macrophages and enzymes such as arylsulfatase A, peroxidase, lactoferrin and lysozyme, with bacteriostatic and bactericide effects.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">•Nutritive, providing glucose, oxygen, water and essential electrolytes for corneal epithelium metabolism.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">•Epitheliotropic, due to its content in proteins comprising growth factors, vitamins, immunoglobulins and neuropeptides that regulate the process of proliferation, migration and differentiation of corneal and conjunctival epithelium cells. Diminished epitheliotropic factors can compromise the integrity of the epithelium and give rise to epithelial defects which persist and progress as the results of poor cicatrization.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">1</a></li></ul>The use of haematic derivates in ophthalmology arose out of the need for lacrimal substitutes that, in addition to provide hydration, could provide other essential components for ocular surface maintenance and regeneration.Going back in history, the Ebers papyrus (1534 b.C.) mentions the application of blood in the eyes. In 1975, Ralph was the first to describe the application of autologous serum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">2</a> and in 1984 Fox et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">3</a> demonstrated its beneficial effects in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Subsequently, Tsubota et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">4</a> demonstrated that the application of autologous serum in patients with dry eye associated to the Sjögren syndrome not only improved symptoms but also had a beneficial effect on the epithelium.However, only in the late 90s of the past century the use of autologous serum gained acceptance and rapidly became widespread.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300">4,5</a> Since then, autologous serum has been increasingly utilized for treating ocular surface diseases and was accepted by the British health authority (NHS) in 1997 and the New Zealand counterpart in 2000.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300">4–9</a>The composition of serum is very similar to that of tears. The concentration of several components is comparable, with the exception of more vitamin A, lysozyme, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and fibronectin, and less IgA, endothelial growth factor (EGF) and vitamin C in serum than in tears<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">10</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In recent years, the application of platelet derivates has increased in several areas of medicine including ophthalmology, due to its role on tissue repair and regeneration.TerminologyThere is no agreement on the definition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The only definition that is consistently defended in the literature defines PRP as the volume of autologous plasma that contains a platelet concentration above the basal level (150,000–350,000/μl).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">11</a>PRP preparation methods are highly variable and yield a range of products: plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), platelet-rich plasma and growth factors (PRPGF), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP), leukocyte-poor, platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP). In ophthalmology, PRP has been used conventionally, i.e., platelet concentration is achieved with centrifugation, as well as PRGF where, in addition to the platelet concentration, degranulation is induced to release growth factors without containing leukocytes, as described by Anitua et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">12</a> However, according to the literature, similar preparations are grouped under different terms. This review respects the terminology used by the authors of referenced studies.Importance of growth factors in the anterior segmentPlatelets are an important reservoir of growth factors and other proteins (acid phosphatase, α1-antitripsin, chemotactic factors, fibronectin) that play an important role in cicatrizations and tissue regeneration. The majority are stored in the alpha granules of platelet cytoplasm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a> Growth factors are soluble peptides produced by several cell types that promote and in some cases inhibit cell proliferation, migration and survival. Action mechanisms can be autocrine, juxtacrine or, in most cases, paracrine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> summarizes the main functions and location of anterior segment receptors of the most important plasma- and platelet-derived growth factors.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Epidermal growth factorThe epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a powerful epithelial cell mitogen. The bonding of the ligand activates the tyrosine kinase receptor (EGFR) producing DNA synthesis, extracellular matrix production, including fibronectin and hyaluronic acid, as well as cell proliferation. Receptor phosphorylation also involves reorientation of the cytoskeleton, which promotes cell migration. The simultaneous presence of various extracellular matrix molecules such as fibronectin increases the polarizing issue required for a direct action on migration and facilitates cross-communication between integrins and EGFR.It has been observed that EGF inhibits terminal differentiation of corneal epithelial cells. It has been described that in vivo topical application of EGF at concentrations between 10 and 20μgml−1 can improve the cicatrization of corneal ulcers. It is likely that this growth factor plays an important role in maintaining corneal thickness as well as being a powerful stimulator of corneal epithelial motility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350">14,15</a> In addition, it has anti-apoptotic effects and has been related to the production of mucin 1 by goblet cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a>Transforming growth factor βResponse to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is usually cell-specific, including the production of extracellular matrix, cell shape changes, regulation of growth and differentiation.It is believed that TGF-β inhibits the growth of epithelial and endothelial cells as well as leukocytes and stimulates fibroblast differentiation.TGF-β induces the proliferation and migration of stromal fibroblasts and modifies extracellular matrix synthesis, modulating response to a lesion. Specifically, it increases heparan and dermatan sulfate and diminishes keratan sulfate of the stroma in experiments carried out in vitro and in vivo, in addition to diminishing its degradation by inhibiting the action of metalloproteinases and other proteolytic enzymes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a>It has been observed that adding TGF-β in concentrations above ngml−1 increases the effects of EGF on the growth of in vitro keratinocytes due to increasing the expression of high affinity EGF receptors. TGF-β seems to slightly inhibit the effects of VEGF on the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells in vitro and to a large extent the growth factor-induced growth of keratinocytes and hepatocytes, indicating its participation in regulating the proliferation of corneal cells. Both TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 inhibit epithelial proliferation, with the effect of TGF-β2 being stronger. Despite its suppressive effect on cell proliferation, its global effect on cicatrization is positive and its concentration is high in during stromal repair processes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350">14,15</a>It is believed that, at the concentrations present in the aqueous humor, TGF-β inhibits anterior segment angiogenesis, although its role in corneal vascularization remains controversial.It must be noted that TGF-β is the main cause of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">14</a>Keratinocyte growth factorThe keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is produced by stromal cells and has a paracrine action on the corneal epithelium. The expression of KGF as well as of its receptor is higher in fibroblasts and in limbal epithelial cells in relation to central cells, suggesting that it modulates preferably stem cell action. Adding KGF at concentrations between 10 and 100ngml−1 to epithelial cell culture produces the synthesis of DNA and cell growth promotion, without affecting cellular motility of differentiation. However, the effect on the proliferation of keratinocytes is insignificant.The expression of sustained low KGF levels in intact corneae also suggests it plays a role in maintaining the corneal epithelium.Hepatocyte growth factorIn addition to its mitogenic effect on hepatocytes, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produces proliferation, motility and morphological changes in epithelial, endothelial and melanocytic cells.In the cornea, the HGF receptor expresses largely in epithelial cells and less importantly in other cellular types. HGF is mainly produced by fibroblasts, which means that its action on the epithelial is paracrine.In contrast with KGF, the expression of the protein and its receptor is greater in the central cornea than in the limbus.HGF stimulated the proliferation of epithelial and endothelial cells at concentrations between 1 and 25ngml−1. Its effects on stromal fibroblasts are minimal. HGF is also present in tears at concentrations of 200pgml−1, which contributes to epithelial maintenance. The expression of HGF in the aqueous humor also suggests that it participates in endothelium preservation.Platelet-derived growth factorThe platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor can be found in corneal fibroblasts and endothelial cells. PDGF-BB is produced in the epithelium, where it joins to the basal membrane. PDGF-BB stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells at concentrations above 15ngml−1, whereas migration takes place at lower concentrations. It has been observed that PDGF-BB stimulates fibroblast migration in a dosis-dependent manner, and that both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB exhibit a chemotactic effect on epithelial cells in the presence of fibronectin. PDGF regulates fibroblast response to TGF-β.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">14</a> It also exhibits a chemotactic effect on monocytes and macrophages and stimulates the expression of other factors such as TGF-β.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">15</a>Fibroblast growth factorSignificant amounts of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) have been identified in the Bowman and Descemet membranes, lower amounts in the corneal endothelium and none in the stroma. Its receptors expressed in the 3 corneal cell types: epithelial, stromal and endothelial. Both the acid and alkaline form induce mitosis in the epithelium, stroma and endothelium. The high concentration of FGF in Descemet's membrane illustrates its role in endothelial cell migration during corneal cicatrization. The addition of FGF to stromal cell culture increases proliferation and migration and inhibits the expression of TGF-β1, whereas the previous presence of this factor increases production and response to FGF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">14</a>Nerve growth factorThe nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor are located in all the corneal layers, in larger amounts in the epithelium and endothelium. It is also found in the aqueous humor. NGF promotes epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation at concentrations of 250ngml−1in vitro. However, its effect is lower to that of other factors such as EGF. NGF also stimulates cultured stromal fibroblast growth. In vivo, topical application of NGF has been demonstrated to promote the cicatrization of neurotrophic ulcers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">14</a>Insulin-like growth factorThe insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and its receptor are found in the epithelium and the stroma, where it is involved in proliferation and differentiation through a mechanism which is synergistic with the P substance. IGF has a chemotactic effect on fibroblasts and plays an important role in the action of other factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a> In addition to the growth factors, other PRP components have effects on the ocular surface (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Implications of the preparation methodSimilarly as with autologous serum, there are large variations in PRP preparation techniques (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>), which influences the concentration of platelets and growth factors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">13,16,17</a> Said differences make comparisons difficult because multiple factors are involved.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Preparation systemsIn a report on the use of PRP, the Agency of Medicaments and Health Products of Spain (AEMPS) distinguishes between open and closed preparation techniques. The “open technique” refers to manual obtainment. If this preparation system is used, the AEMPS indicates that the method must be evaluated for quality purposes, which involves requesting an inspection by the competent authority to verify the adequacy of installations and implemented production and quality control activities.The “closed technique” produces PRP by means of disposable kits that must be marked with the CE label specifically assigned for this purpose. The instructions of each system must be followed and it is not necessary to obtain certification for the lab and the preparation activities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">11</a>There are several systems in the market for obtaining said preparation, such as the PRGF Endoret® technology (BTI Biotechnology Institute, S.L., Vitoria, Spain).Obtaining bloodThe coagulation process is influenced by the obtainment time and, in order to avoid the unintended activation of platelets, it is recommended to use needles with a gauge above 22G. increased extraction time has been related to lower platelet counts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">18</a>Platelets can be obtained through centrifugation of full blood or through aphaeresis. Higher platelet concentrations are obtained with the aphaeresis than starting from full blood.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">19</a> Platelets can be autologous, allogenic or from blood banks and can be utilized fresh or frozen.AnticoagulantsIn contrast with autologous serum, tubes with anticoagulants are utilized for obtaining plasma, which includes serum and coagulation proteins. Sodium citrate seems to be the most adequate anticoagulant as it does not alter the platelet membrane receptors as occurs for example with EDTA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a>Acid citrate in dextrose is the most widely used anticoagulant in aphaeresis. It differs from sodium citrate in its pH (4.9 vs 7.8) and in citrate concentration. It has been described that pH and the extracellular calcium concentration can affect platelet aggregation in vitro, which is altered in acid medium and low concentrations of extracellular calcium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">18</a> for which reason the use of sodium citrate seems initially more adequate.CentrifugationDifferential centrifugation is utilized to separate blood components in a given period of time. The relative centrifugal force, measured in g's, depends on the rotor radius, which means that with the same revolutions per minute different g-forces can be obtained. It is important to express the centrifugal force in g's to extrapolate it to various centrifuge devices. Even so, this is not always the case in numerous publications.As regards the centrifugation, a high power centrifugation cycle is normally utilized for autologous serum, while for preparing platelets centrifugation is less intense in order to preserve the integrity of the platelets because the objective is the active release of growth factors, which is hindered if the cell membranes are ruptured or fragmented. According to different preparations, centrifugation can be carried out in one or two cycles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a>It has been observed that higher coagulation times (20, 60 or 120min) in the preparation of autologous serum produces higher concentrations of epitheliotropic factors, with statistically significant differences for EGF, TGF-β1 and HGF. In addition, increasing the centrifugation speed (from 500 to 3000×g) was related to lower concentration of TGF-β1 and higher concentrations of EGF and vitamin A.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380">20</a> These parameters were not measured in the preparation of PRP.During the centrifugation process, temperature is crucial to prevent platelet activation. However, different authors recommend different temperatures: some suggest 21–24°C, while others indicate that temperatures between 12 and 16°C enhance platelet recovery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">18</a>ActivationCalcium chloride, thrombin, freezing/defreezing cycles, surfactants, etc. can be utilized as platelet activators.Burmeister et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">21</a> obtained differences in the concentration of growth factors with different platelet activation techniques in different PRP. Thrombin activation significantly increases TGF-B concentration, whereas freezing/defreezing affects the concentrations of EGF and PDGF. Valeri et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">22</a> suggested that thrombin activation increases the concentration of PDGF-BB.In general, thrombin activation has been set aside because it can produce adverse immunological effects or the appearance of coagulopathies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">23</a>Some preparations do not perform platelet activation, which is produced on site upon contact with collagen.Freire et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395">23,24</a> associated platelet activation with calcium chloride for PRGF with higher EGF levels and a greater effect on the growth of corneal epithelial cells.Intra-individual differencesEvidently, inter-individual differences exist in the number of platelets and in the concentration of different growth factors in PRP, although a correlation could not be established between the number of platelets and the concentration of some growth factors (PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, TGF-β2) or gender influence. It has been observed that aging brings about diminished levels of IGF,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">19</a> FGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">23</a>Presence of medicamentsAnitua et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405">25</a> studied the effect of acetyl-salicylic acid, acenocoumarol and glucosamine sulfate on the preparation and biological effects of PRGF applied in maxillofacial surgery. Said authors did not find significant differences in platelet concentration, clot formation time, platelet activation, growth factor content, cell proliferation or the synthesis of extracellular matrix components.The autologous use of this type of preparations must be assessed individually for patients in treatment with medications that could interfere in the ocular process to be treated, as could be the case of immunosuppressants or cytostatics.WarmingWarming PRGF during 1h at 56°C has been demonstrated to reduce IgE content — even more in allergic patients (75%) — and complements activity, whereas the concentration of the majority of proteins and morphogens, including PDGF, TGF-β1, IGF, VEGF and fibronectin, remains constant. EGF was the only one that diminished in heated formulae, although this did not influence cellular proliferation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410">26</a>The above results indicates that heating PRGF could be convenient for treating allergic patients with ocular pathologies related to IgE or the complement.White seriesAn additional factor to be considered is the presence of leukocytes as this increases the level of cytokins, including IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), with pro-inflammatory effects.StabilityStability studies are only available for PRGF. After remaining frozen for 6 months (−20°C) and 72h in a refrigerator or at ambient temperature, PRGF eyedrops have demonstrated to maintain constant levels of TGF-B1, EGF, PDGF, VEGF and IGF. Its ability to stimulate cell proliferation and migration remains constant under said storage conditions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415">27,28</a>On the other hand, microbiological stability must not be forgotten. As in all medicament preparations, the Good Practices Guide for Preparing Medicaments must be applied to allocate microbiological validity periods based on the risk level associated to these compounds, the place of preparation and the storage conditions, in addition to carrying out appropriate controls in each case. The preparations which have validity periods above the established ones must include documentary justification or undergo the sterility test for each batch of the finished product.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425">29</a>Differences with autologous serumAs commented above, tubes with anticoagulant are utilized in the preparation of plasma to obtain serum and coagulation protein, with the ability to subsequently induce platelet activation with various methods.Anitua et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">30</a> found larger concentrations of PDGF-AB, VEGF, EGF, FGF and TGF-β1 in PRGF eyedrops than in autologous serum, with increased proliferation and migration of stromal keratinocytes and conjunctival fibroblasts, in addition to diminishing TGF-β1-induced differentiation to myofibroblasts. This correlates with the results obtained in an in vivo study demonstrating that mice subjected to photo-refractive keratectomy and treated with PRGF eyedrops exhibited smaller scars and greater transparency than the control group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435">31</a>Tanidir et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440">32</a> found similar results in a rabbit re-epithelization model. Likewise, in another rabbit corneal ulcer model, said author observed accelerated corneal regeneration, inflammation reduction and enhanced stromal collagen fiber network when compared to the control group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445">33</a>The study by Freire et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">23</a> compared 3 types of hematic preparations: autologous serum, PRGF and PRP. Said author demonstrated that PRGF has a greater effect on the corneal epithelial cell proliferation compared to other non-activated platelet-rich plasma, concluding that platelet degranulation is a critical step in the concentration of growth factors and other proteins. This study observed that PRGF produced an over-expression of various genes involved in cell communication and differentiation.Kim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">34</a> did not find statistically significant differences between PRP and autologous serum in the concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, vitamin A or fibronectin. However, EGF concentration in PRP was significantly higher, producing a significantly higher epithelization ratio in the group treated with PRP.In turn, Liu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455">35</a> found greater concentrations of TGF-B, PDGF and FGF in platelet concentrates, whereas the concentration of fibronectin and vitamins A and E was higher in autologous serum. Said proliferation results were better with PRP, but not with migration.Due to the complexity of in vivo interactions, the above results cannot be extrapolated directly to clinic. From this viewpoint, only one retrospective study compared the effects of PRP against autologous serum in 28 eyes (11 vs 17, respectively) of patients with persistent epithelial defects, with the cicatrization rate (mm2 de lesion/day) being significantly higher in the PRP group (0.95±0.27 vs 0.48±0.08).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">34</a>Clinical applicationsIn December 2015 a bibliographic search was carried out in MedLine utilizing the following search strategy: (“platelet-rich plasma”[MeSH Terms] OR (“platelet-rich”[All Fields] AND “plasma”[All Fields]) OR “platelet-rich plasma”[All Fields] OR (“platelet”[All Fields] AND “rich”[All Fields] AND “plasma”[All Fields]) OR “platelet rich plasma”[All Fields]) AND (“eye”[MeSH Terms] OR “eye”[All Fields] OR “ocular surface”[All Fields]). The search produced 78 papers, of which only 5 were clinical essays in ocular surface pathologies: post-LASIK nerve regeneration,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">36</a> ocular burns<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465">37,38</a> and dry eye,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">39</a> Accordingly, it was decided to include observational studies as well.It is difficult to establish the efficacy of haematic derivates in various indications due to the existence of different preparation techniques that produce preparations with differing characteristics. In addition, due to the absence of appropriate terminology, the same term comprises variations of platelet concentrations. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a> summarizes the characteristics of the analyzed clinical studies.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia>Dry eyeIn 2007, the international group of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Work Shop (DEWS) redefined the dry eye syndrome (DES) as “a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surface that produces symptoms of discomfort or irritation (including foreign body feeling, dryness or itching, sensitivity to light and reddening), visual alterations, secretions with scale on eyelids and lacrimal layer instability that could potentially cause ocular surface damage”.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480">40</a>DES is the most frequent ocular surface pathology and its prevalence has tripled in the last decade.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">15</a> It is estimated that 25% of patients who visit ophthalmological practices refer dry eye symptoms. It is known that the incidence of DES increases with age and has a higher prevalence in females. Approximately 15% of adults over 40 suffer dry eye, and the prevalence is above 19% when exceeding 80 years of age.At present, there is a broad range of pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures for managing dry eye-associated symptoms: hygienic measures, anti-inflammatory agents, tear replacement, tear retention and stimulation of tear production by means of secretagogues.However, artificial tears remain as the cornerstone for treating dry eyes, although on many occasions they fail to achieve adequate management of this condition. As seen above, there is no artificial tear that can exactly reproduce natural tears.In recent years, several papers have analyzed the efficiency of PRP in the treatment of DES.Merayo-Lloves et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485">41</a> assessed the effect of PRGF in refractory ocular surface diseases, with dry eye of various etiologies accounting for 70% of studied cases. This retrospective study included 80 eyes of 41 patients treated with PRGF eyedrops 4 times a day between 6 and 24 weeks according to their evolution. Statistically significant differences were evidenced in the rate of ocular surface disorder, in best corrected visual acuity and in the frequency and severity values of the symptoms referred by patients and measured with visual analog scale before and after treatment.Another recent study shows that PRP injections adjacent to the lacrimal gland of patients with severe dry eye produce a significant increase of lacrimal volume and tear breakup time (BUT), diminishing ocular surface lissamine green staining of all treated patients, additionally improving subjective perception.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490">42</a>Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495">43</a> treated 16 patients with moderate/severe dry eye refractory to other treatments including autologous serum with PRGF eyedrops and observed highly significant statistical differences in the dry eye questionnaire (DEQ) before treatment and 3 months thereafter.Along the same line, a study on the effect of PRP eyedrops on 18 patients with moderate–severe dry eye reported that 89% of patients experienced a relevant improvement or the disappearance of symptoms associated to DES. In addition, said study observed improved lacrimal film quality in over half of patients, assessed according to lacrimal meniscus height and breakup time.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">39</a>Graft-versus-host diseaseThe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major causes of morbidity after allogeneic transplant of hematopoietic progenitors (THP). Ocular clinic expressions are mainly derived from lacrimal gland fibrosis in response to inflammatory infiltration, with keratopathy sicca being the predominant symptoms in chronic GVHD processes. Dry eye syndrome associated chronic GVHD is the most frequent ocular complication associated to THP.Therapeutic options include artificial tears, therapeutic contact lenses, lacrimal plugs, topical or systemic corticoids and other immunomodulating medicaments such as cyclosporine A.However, in a percentage of patients the above treatments are not efficient because they do not improve symptoms or produce adverse effects.Pezzotta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500">44</a> treated 23 patients with ocular GVHD grade II–IV who did not respond to conventional treatment with platelet lysate. Of these, 74% were classified as respondents, taken as improvement of symptoms and of at least one sign, with photophobia being the sign with the highest rate of improvement. These results suggest that PRGF eyedrops can be considered as an alternative for treating ocular GVHD.Persistent epithelial defectsA persistent epithelial defect is defined as an epithelial lesion with a diameter larger than 2mm that persists over 2 weeks and is resistant to conventional treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">15</a>Usual treatments include artificial tears, therapeutic contact lenses, tarsorrhaphy, anti-inflammatory and/or antibiotic agents. Several studies assessed the effect of hematic derivates on persistent epithelial defects. In the most recent study, the application of PRP eyedrops 3 times a day during 2–4 weeks produced in all cases cicatrization or improvement of treated corneal lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">45</a>Kim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">34</a> described similar results in the treatment of persistent epithelial defects after infectious keratitis. All patients treated with PRP eyedrops achieved full re-epithelization against 75% in the autologous serum group as well as achieving full epithelization in less time.The effect of PRGF eyedrops was studied by Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">46</a> in 18 eyes of patients with persistent epithelial defects of different etiologies. Overall, 85% of cases exhibited full resolution, with the etiology of 3 non-resolved cases being neurotrophic. One patient suspended treatment due to red eye and itching.Geremicca et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">47</a> described one case of treatment-associated vascularization resolved with corticoid therapy. The rest of patients achieved the resolution of treated epithelial defects or corneal ulcers.Corneal ulcers-corneal perforationsA corneal ulcer can be defined as an erosion of the ocular surface external layer, frequently due to an infection but also to foreign bodies, abrasions, severe dryness or allergic/inflammatory ocular pathologies. The initial treatment for ocular ulcers is based on reducing the risk of infection and enhancing tissue regeneration, avoiding as much as possible the formation of cicatricial tissue that could impair vision.Very severe corneal ulcer cases are treated with amniotic membrane. PGRF has been utilized in the form of autologous fibrin membrane with high growth factor concentration.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0520">48–50</a> Some studies have assessed the effect of PGRF membrane on its own<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520">48</a> or in combination with other type of membranes such as amniotic membrane<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530">50</a> or collagen membrane derived from bovine pericardium,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">49</a> obtaining stable corneal ulcer closure without evidence of infection, inflammation or pain. One of these studies treated 26 patients having torpid corneal ulcers with PRP eyedrops 6 times a day. 92% of patients improved significantly, exhibiting diminished inflammation and ocular pain after treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0530">50,51</a>BurnsOcular burns account for 12–19% of ocular traumatisms and are one of the main causes of ophthalmological emergencies, mainly involving young people with domestic or workplace accidents.The etiology of burns can be thermal or chemical (caustications), the latter being more frequent. The objective of treatment is to achieve corneal and conjunctival re-epithelization as quickly as possible and to reduce permanent damage in the largest possible extent.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">52</a>Marquez de Aracena et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">52</a> observed that the application of subconjunctival PRP was related to lower cicatrization and epithelization, greater corneal transparency and visual acuity.Panda et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465">37</a> assessed the addition of PRP eyedrops 10 times a day to standard treatment in patients with acute chemical injuries, reporting lower epithelization time in the group treated with PRP.Post-LASIK syndromeThis syndrome is characterized by ocular dryness, micropuntata keratitis, diminished and unstable tears and diminished visual acuity probably caused by damages induced in corneal innervation. One of the main functions of corneal nerves is to regulate the secretion of lacrimal and Meibomium glands. If said nerves are damaged, neurotrophic epitheliopathy arises and affects tear composition. Artificial tear treatment is frequently insufficient.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a>PRP has a lubricating effect and has demonstrated efficiency in corneal epithelium regeneration in micropunctata keratitis, diminishing inflammation in patients with dry eye and stimulating corneal ulcer cicatrization, probably because its composition includes NGF which has demonstrated to accelerate post-LASIK re-innervation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545">53,54</a> and cicatrization in moderate–severe neurotrophic keratitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550">54</a>Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">55</a> carried out a prospective study on the efficacy of PRP in 26 eyes of 30 LASIK patients who exhibited moderate–severe dry eye. The application of PRP 6 times a day improves visual acuity (69% of cases increased between one and 4 lines after treatment), the lacrimal meniscus, BUT (46% increased BUT over 2s and 54% up to 2s) and impressions cytology which exhibited goblet cell increases and diminished squamous metaplasia. One patient developed intolerance after 4 weeks of treatment.However, a subsequent study on post-LASIK nerve regeneration did not observe differences in the appearance of the sub-basal nerve plexus or in corneal sensitivity in patients treated with PRP eyedrops during 3 months.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">36</a>Adverse effects and contraindicationsRisks and possible adverse effects are associated to microbiological contamination and transmission of diseases. When utilizing platelets obtained from banks or human or bovine thrombin for platelet activation, the risk of infectious disease transmission is higher and can be minimized utilizing autologous platelets and calcium chloride as activator.In the reviewed clinical studies, the incidence of adverse reactions is very low, generally only slight. Only 2 cases of red eye and palpebral inflammation are reported,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485">41</a> one of intolerance after 4 weeks of treatment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">55</a> one patient who developed red eye and itching related to the treatment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">46</a> and one case of increase vascularization that was resolved after suspending the preparation and administering topical corticoids.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">47</a>The utilization of platelet derivates is subject to the absolute and relative contraindications specified in Annex II, paragraph C, of Royal Decree 1088/2005. One of the contraindications is severe heart disease, depending on the clinical circumstances at the time of extraction. In addition, the use of platelet derivate is contraindicated in patients with the following history:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030">a)Hepatitis B, excepting those who are negative to the surface antigen of hepatitis B (AgHBs), with demonstrated immunity.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035">b)Positive markers for VHC.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040">c)Positive markers for VIH-I/II.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045">d)Positive markers for HTLV I/II.</li></ul>In addition, the use of platelet derivates is contraindicated temporarily in patients with active bacterial infections.ConclusionsPlatelet derivates supply fundamental factors for maintaining the ocular surface.The methods for obtaining said derivates are highly variable, and this affects the composition of the preparations, which must be carried out with adequate traceability and safety assurance.Initial clinic studies on the use of PRP derivates on the ocular surface demonstrate their safety and efficiency for treating diverse ocular surface pathologies. However, different preparation methods, the lack of common terminology and the absence of high quality clinical trials comparing PRP derivates with currently available treatments are obstacles to the therapeutic positioning thereof.Clear terminology as well as adequately designed clinical trials providing evidence on the efficacy of different preparations for treating ocular surface pathologies are required.Conflict of interestsNo conflict of interests was declared by the authors." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres733556" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737383" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres733555" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737384" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Role of haematic derivates in ophthalmology. Historical perspective. Use of autologous serum" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Terminology" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Importance of growth factors in the anterior segment" "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Epidermal growth factor" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Transforming growth factor β" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Keratinocyte growth factor" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Hepatocyte growth factor" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Platelet-derived growth factor" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Fibroblast growth factor" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Nerve growth factor" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Insulin-like growth factor" ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Implications of the preparation method" "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Preparation systems" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Obtaining blood" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Anticoagulants" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Centrifugation" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Activation" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Intra-individual differences" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0100" "titulo" => "Presence of medicaments" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0105" "titulo" => "Warming" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0110" "titulo" => "White series" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0115" "titulo" => "Stability" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0120" "titulo" => "Differences with autologous serum" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0125" "titulo" => "Clinical applications" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0130" "titulo" => "Dry eye" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0135" "titulo" => "Graft-versus-host disease" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0140" "titulo" => "Persistent epithelial defects" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0145" "titulo" => "Corneal ulcers-corneal perforations" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0150" "titulo" => "Burns" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0155" "titulo" => "Post-LASIK syndrome" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0160" "titulo" => "Adverse effects and contraindications" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0165" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0170" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-01-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-03-01" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737383" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Platelet rich plasma" 1 => "Plasma rich in growth factors" 2 => "Blood products" 3 => "Ocular surface" 4 => "Cornea" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737384" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Plasma rico en plaquetas" 1 => "Plasma rico en factores de crecimiento" 2 => "Derivados hemáticos" 3 => "Superficie ocular" 4 => "Córnea" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "The use of platelet-rich preparations has experienced a significant increase in recent years due to its role in tissue-repair and regeneration. The aim of this study is to examine the available evidence regarding the application of plasma rich in growth factors, and its variations, on the ocular surface. A review is also presented on the effects of platelet-derived growth factors, the implications of the preparation methods, and the existing literature on the safety and efficacy of these therapies in ocular surface diseases. Despite the widespread use of platelet preparations there is no consensus on the most appropriate preparation method, and growth factors concentration vary with different systems. These preparations have been used in the treatment of ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye or persistent epithelial defects, among others, with good safety and efficacy profiles, but further studies are needed to compare to the currently available alternatives." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "El uso de los preparados ricos en plaquetas ha experimentado un aumento significativo en los últimos años debido a su papel en la reparación y regeneración tisular. El objetivo del presente estudio es recopilar la evidencia disponible respecto a la aplicación de plasma rico en factores de crecimiento y sus variantes sobre la superficie ocular: el efecto de los factores de crecimiento derivados de plaquetas, las implicaciones de los distintos métodos de preparación, los estudios publicados en patologías de la superficie ocular, así como sus contraindicaciones y reacciones adversas. Pese al uso generalizado de los preparados de plaquetas, no existe un consenso sobre el método de preparación más adecuado, variando las concentraciones de factores de crecimiento según el sistema empleado. Estos preparados se han utilizado en el tratamiento de enfermedades de la superficie ocular como del ojo seco o los defectos epiteliales persistentes, entre otras, con un perfil adecuado de eficacia y seguridad, aunque son necesarios más estudios para su posicionamiento terapéutico respecto a las alternativas actualmente disponibles." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Riestra AC, Alonso-Herreros JM, Merayo-Lloves J. Plasma rico en plaquetas en superficie ocular. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2016;91:475–490." ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "EGF: epidermic growth factor; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor; NGF: nerve growth factor; SIgA: surface immunoglobulin A; PS: P substance; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tear \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Osmolarity (mOsm/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">298 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">296 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EGF (ngml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.2–0.3 (13), 1.9–9.7 (4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TGF-β (ngml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2–10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6–33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin A (mgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fibronectin (μgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">205 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lisozyme (mgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SIgA (μgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1190 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IGF-I (ngml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">157 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PS (ngml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.157 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.071 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">468 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210491.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of tear and serum composition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335">11,13,56</a>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "EGF: epidermic growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; KGF: keratinocyte growth factor; NGF: nerve growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Receptor loc. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Function \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium (>limbus) Endothelium  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Extracellular matrix synthesis (fibronectin and hyaluronic acid) Stimulates cell proliferation and migration Inhibits terminal epithelial differentiation Anti-apoptotic effect Increases the production of mucin 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TGF-β \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium Stroma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Inhibits the growth of epithelial and endothelial cells Stimulates fibroblast proliferation, migration and differentiation Modifies extracellular matrix synthesis (↑ heparan and dermatan sulfate and ↓ keratan sulfate) Inhibits the activity of proteases and other proteolytic enzymes ↑ the effect of EGF on keratocyte growth Accounts for Anterior Chamber Associated Immunology Deviation (ACAID) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">KGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium (>limbus) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">DNA synthesis and cell growth promotion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium (>central cornea)  \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Proliferation, motility and morphological changes in epithelial and endothelial cells \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PDGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Stroma Endothelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Stimulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and fibroblasts PDGF regulates the response of fibroblasts to TGF-β \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium Stroma Endothelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mitosis in epithelium, stroma and endothelium Migration of endothelial and stromal cells during corneal cicatrization \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium Endothelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Promotes proliferation and differentiation Liberation of neuropeptides and other growth factors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium Stroma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium proliferation and differentiation Anti-apoptotic effect Increases integrin expression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210493.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Main growth factors present in plasma and platelets and their function in the anterior segment." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Source: Adapted from López García.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Antibacterian and antioxidant Epitheliotropic (prevents squamous metaplasia) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fibronectin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Extracellular matrix Enhances cell migration in repair processes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anexin 5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Interacts with some integrins mimicking the effect of fibronectin Stimulates the production of urokinase, which facilitates cell migration during repair processes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Albumin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-apoptotic effect Diminishes cytokine and growth factor degradation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">α2-macroglobulin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Neutralizes proteolytic enzymes (anticollagenase) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">P substance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Enhances epithelial cell migration and proliferation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Inmunoglobulins \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Antimicrobial effect</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lisozyme \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Complement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210496.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Function of other PRP components on the ocular surface." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "PRGF: plasma rich in growth factors; PRP: platelet-rich plasma." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preparation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Extraction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Centrifugation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pipetted \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Activation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Incubation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conservation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Validity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Platelet concentration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Anitua et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">30</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Serum tubes. Spontaneous coagulation 20min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2000×g, 10min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Serum 20% diluted with NaCl 0.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">− \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−80°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×1 (227×106/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRGF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9ml tubes with 3.8% sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">580×g, ambient temp., 8min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plasma, avoiding the white series \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CaCl2 10%, 5μl/ml \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37°C, 1h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−80°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×1.7 (386×106/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ronci et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">45</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16ml of blood in 8ml tubes with sodium citrate and gel separator \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1500×g, ambient temp., 5min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Freezing/defreezing+centrifugation 10,000×g \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×1.3 (338.3×103/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Avila<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490">42</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Activated PRP injection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10ml of autologous blood in tubes with 0.5ml sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">160×g, 10min, separation of plasma and 160×g, 10min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1ml lower of plasma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.1ml of CaCl2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Injected immediately \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530">50</a> Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">39</a> Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520">48</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">80–100ml of autologous blood in 10ml tubes with 1ml of 3.2% sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1400rpm, 5°C, 10min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90% of the plasma column \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 days 4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×4 (800,000) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">40–60ml of autologous blood in 10ml tubes with 1ml of 3.2% sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1600rpm, 5°C, 10min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plasma portion closest to the red series \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50μl of CaCl2 10%/ml \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37°C, 30min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Immediate application \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×1.6–2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Panda et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465">37</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100ml of autologous blood in 10ml tubes with 1ml of 3.2% sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1400rpm, 5°C, 10min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90% of the plasma column \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 days 4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×4 (800,000) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pezzotta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500">44</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet lysate eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">40ml of autologous blood with anticoagulant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">900rpm, 10min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diluted at 30% with 0.9% NaCl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Freezing at −80°C during at least 60min defreezing at 4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C, 45 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4°C, 24h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Kim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">34</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50ml autologous blood in 10ml tubes 1.4ml citrate-dextrose \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">200×g, 11min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plasma and white series, diluted at 20% with 0.9% NaCl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">10ml autologous blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3000×g, 15min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Serum diluted at 20% with 0.9% NaCl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Freire et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395">23,24</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sodium citrate as anticoagulant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">460×g, 8min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Allowed to coagulate 120min at ambient temp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1000×g, 20min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sodium citrate as anticoagulant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">460×g, 8min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant avoiding the white series \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CaCl2 22.8mM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36°C, 2h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495">43</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50ml autologous blood in 5ml tubes and 0.5ml 3.8% sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">460×g, ambient temp., 8min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plasma diluted at 20% with NaCl 0.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CaCl2 22.8mM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37°C, 2h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C, 3 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 days 4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">×2–3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">46</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Plasma portion closest to the red series diluted at 50% with 0.9% NaCl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Geremicca et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">47</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet lysate eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20–30ml of autologous blood with EDTA as anticoagulant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1200–1600rpm (acc. to # of platelets), 5min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Complete plasma column \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−20°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24h 4°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">500×103/μl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Marquez de Aracena et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">52</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Injection of platelet concentrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20ml of autologous blood in 4.5ml tubes with 0.5ml sodium citrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2100rpm, 7min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">200–400μl immediately above the red series \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Immediate application \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Burmeister et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">21</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Frozen PRP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrates obtained by aphaeresis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">800×g, 15min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelets re-suspended in DEMEN (1×1010/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−70°C, 1h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1×1010/ml \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP activated with thrombin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrates obtained by aphaeresis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">800×g, 15min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelets re-suspended in DEMEN (1×1010/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Human thrombin 1U/ml \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20min then cent. at 3500×g 15min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1×1010/ml \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Liu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455">35</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrate eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrates obtained by aphaeresis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">800×g, 15min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelets re-suspended in PBS (4×109/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Human thrombin 1U/ml \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20min then cent. At 3500×g 15min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−70°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">200ml of autologous blood allowed to coagulate 120min at ambient temp. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3000×g, 20min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210495.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Different preparation methods described in the literature." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "EGF: epidermic growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; NGF: nerve growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; PRGF: plasma rich in growth factors; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preparation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PDGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VEGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NGF (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fibronectin (μgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TGF-β1 (ngml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IGF-1 (pgml−1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Anitua et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">30</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AB 14.100±4.900 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">609.0±104.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81.9±4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.4±7.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum 20% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AB 3.300±100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">32.6±15.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.7±13.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.4±1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Ronci et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">45</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP Pre-freezing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AA 296±61 PDGF-BB 201.8±24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8.9±2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53±14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Post-freezing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AA 1.017±253 PDGF-BB 924.7±222 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">174±15.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">101±46.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Freire et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">23</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17.360±3.730 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">417.94±82.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">160.06±89.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">275.83±101.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.55±54.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.1±6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18.260±6.440 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">279.83±78.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.31±42.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">84.6±63.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.04±44.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.5±5.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15.580±4.650 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">489.12±95.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">124.6±79.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83.74±79.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.27±41.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.8±3.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">46</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12.645.9±1.690 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">468.9±97.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">204.5±119.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">149.5±173.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">82.6±95.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.7±18.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495">43</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15.097.7±3.299.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">479.8±113.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">91.5±44.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36±17.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.6±27.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Kim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">34</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">248.96±43.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.9±1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41.7±3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">860.66±141.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.1±5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.34±4.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pezzotta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500">44</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AB 2.532 (637–4.001) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 (1.4–15.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">84.5 (36.5–129) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.07 (5.93–17.22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">93.5 (66–110) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Burmeister et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">21</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Frozen PRP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">307.110±75.520 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.990±2.800 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP activated with thrombin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">240.130±115.970 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.400±730 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Liu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455">35</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15.580±5.980 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">820±460 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.45±0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86.040±22.600 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.550±300 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.006±0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210494.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Concentration of growth factors in PRPs described in different studies." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; BUT: tear breakup time; OSDI: ocular surface disease index; PRGF: plasma rich in growth factors; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; VAS: visual analog scale." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"># of treated eyes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primary results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RAM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Merayo-Lloves et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485">41</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Refractory ocular surface disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Retrospective review of clinical records \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops 4 times a day from 6 to 24 weeks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">OSDI 49.58±18.04–28.32±17.76 (p<0.05). BCVA 0.27±0.38–0.16±0.38 (p<0.05). VAS frequency of symptoms 83.75±20.77–53.38±27.21% (p<0.05). VAS severity of symptoms 79±23.57%–47.88±26.75% (p<0.05) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (2.5%) adverse effects associated to treatment: red eye and palpebral inflammation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ronci et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">45</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Persistent epithelial defects \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 3 times a day during 2–4 weeks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">All epithelial defects exhibited cicatrization or improvement. BCVA improved in patients with dry eye as well as fluorescein staining during treatment. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Avila<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490">42</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Severe dry eye secondary to Sjögren syndrome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP injection adjacent to lacrimal gland at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Schirmer type I: improvement in 100% (from 3.3±0.8mm to 11.1±2.3mm). p=0.002 Staining with lysamin green (modified Oxford scale): from 8±0.61 to 2.8±0.5. p<0.005 BUT: from 4.3±0.4s to 12.3±0.7s. p<0.005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Inflammation in the injection area \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Javaloy et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">36</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Post-LASIK nerve regeneration \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled with BSS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops during 3 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">108 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No differences in corneal sensitivity or corneal sub-basal nerve plexus appearance. Corneal staining improvements the first and third postop month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520">48</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Perforated corneal ulcers \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot under fibrin membrane \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100% of perforations were sealed. At 7 days, 5 patients exhibited epithelial closure with stromal thinning and 6 epithelial and stromal cicatrization \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525">49</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Perforated corneal ulcers \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot under collagen membrane \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100% of perforations were sealed after 2–3 weeks. 5 patients had no relapse after 3 months follow-up \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Panda et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465">37</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Acute chemical injuries</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 10 times a day + standard treatment (n=10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="top">20</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Lower epithelialization time in PRP group (40±31 vs 47±26 days, p=0.29)</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">–</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Artificial tears 10 times a day+standard treatment (n=10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pezzotta et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500">44</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Refractory ocular graft-versus-host disease (grade II–IV) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops 4 times a day during 6 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Results after 30 days treatment. BCVA dry eye questionnaire. No improvement Schirmer type I: No improvement BUT: improvement in 86.9% Biomicroscopy (Oxford scale): improvement in 69.6% Respondents improvement in symptoms (>5 pts) and 1 sign (<1 pt): 73.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Kim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">34</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Persistent epithelial defects after infectious keratitis</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Retrospective review of clinical records</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum (n=17). PRP eyedrops (n=11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="top">28</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Five patients of the autologous serum group required tt. with amniotic membrane. Time to full epithelization diminished with PRP (17.8±3 vs 10.1±2.5 days)</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">–</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops (n=11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495">43</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Moderate/severe refractory dry eye 10 hyposecretor-no-Sjögren 8s. Sjögren 8 Meibomium gland dysfunctions 6 mixed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops ×4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Differences in dry eye questionnaire (SDEQ) before and at month 3 (18.38±5.68) vs (10.81±5.84), p<0.001 Minimum improvement, 25%; moderate, 31.25%; substantial, 43.75% Squamous metaplasia reduction grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510">46</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Persistent epithelial defects<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">1</a> 9 neurotrophic 6 iatrogenic 3 secondary to chemical burns 2 secondary to dry eye \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops, 1 drop/2h during the first 3 days. Then as per evolution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Resolution of 85%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">17</a> of cases in mean 10.9 weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">2–39</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">One patient suspended tt. due to red eye and irritation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Geremicca et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515">47</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corneal lesions without epithelization after 1 week of conventional tt. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelet lysate eyedrops 5–10 times a day during 1 month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cicatrization of 100% of epithelial defects/corneal ulcers \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">One patient resolved corneal vascularization with corticoid tt. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Marquez de Aracena et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540">52</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ocular burn grade 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, with active controller \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Subconjunctival injection of platelet concentrate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corneal cicatrization time: 6 vs 3 days (p=0.001) Conjunctival cicatrization time: 6 vs 4 days (p=0.017) Keratitis time: 6 vs 9 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60% ocular irritation after injection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555">55</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ocular surface syndrome post-LASIK \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 6 times a day during a month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85% significant symptom improvement 54% improved BCVA 1–2 lines; 46% improved BUT >2s; 69% for resolution of keratitis punctata \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">One patient developed intolerance after one month tt. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">39</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Moderate–severe dry eye \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Observational prospective, not controlled \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 4–6 times a day during 1 month \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">89% relevant improvement or disappearance of symptoms associated to dry eye syndrome. 28% gain of at least one BCVA line. >Lacrimal meniscus height and BUT. Significant increase of goblet cells \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Alio et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530">50</a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Torpid corneal ulcers: 12 neurotrophic, 6 herpetic, 6 immunologic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Observational, prospective, not controlled</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 6 times a day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Size/depth reduction: 50%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">13</a> cicatrization; 42%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">11</a> significant improvement; 8%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">2</a> no changes BCVA: 42% no improvement; 31% +1–3 lines; 15% +4–5 lines; 12% +≥6 lines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eyes with perforation or high risk thereof \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot+amniotic membrane \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Size/depth reduction: 71%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">10</a> cicatrization; 29%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">4</a> significant improvement BCVA: 43% no improvement; 36% +1–3 lines; 14% +4–5 lines; 7% +≥6 lines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1210492.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical studies on the use of PRP on the ocular surface." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:56 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Autologous serum eye drops for ocular surface disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G. 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Platelet rich plasma in ocular surface

Plasma rico en plaquetas en superficie ocular

A.C. Riestraa,

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ana.riestra@fio.as

Corresponding author.

, J.M. Alonso-Herrerosb, J. Merayo-Llovesa

a Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

b Hospital Universitario Los Arcos del Mar Menor, Pozo Aledo, Murcia, Spain

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as lubricant&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antimicrobian&#44; not only due to its barrier and cleansing function but also because it comprises lymphocytes&#44; macrophages and enzymes such as arylsulfatase A&#44; peroxidase&#44; lactoferrin and lysozyme&#44; with bacteriostatic and bactericide effects&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nutritive&#44; providing glucose&#44; oxygen&#44; water and essential electrolytes for corneal epithelium metabolism&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Epitheliotropic&#44; due to its content in proteins comprising growth factors&#44; vitamins&#44; immunoglobulins and neuropeptides that regulate the process of proliferation&#44; migration and differentiation of corneal and conjunctival epithelium cells&#46; Diminished epitheliotropic factors can compromise the integrity of the epithelium and give rise to epithelial defects which persist and progress as the results of poor cicatrization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of haematic derivates in ophthalmology arose out of the need for lacrimal substitutes that&#44; in addition to provide hydration&#44; could provide other essential components for ocular surface maintenance and regeneration&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Going back in history&#44; the Ebers papyrus &#40;1534 b&#46;C&#46;&#41; mentions the application of blood in the eyes&#46; In 1975&#44; Ralph was the first to describe the application of autologous serum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and in 1984 Fox et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> demonstrated its beneficial effects in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca&#46; Subsequently&#44; Tsubota et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> demonstrated that the application of autologous serum in patients with dry eye associated to the Sj&#246;gren syndrome not only improved symptoms but also had a beneficial effect on the epithelium&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; only in the late 90s of the past century the use of autologous serum gained acceptance and rapidly became widespread&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Since then&#44; autologous serum has been increasingly utilized for treating ocular surface diseases and was accepted by the British health authority &#40;NHS&#41; in 1997 and the New Zealand counterpart in 2000&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;9</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The composition of serum is very similar to that of tears&#46; The concentration of several components is comparable&#44; with the exception of more vitamin A&#44; lysozyme&#44; transforming growth factor &#946; &#40;TGF-&#946;&#41; and fibronectin&#44; and less IgA&#44; endothelial growth factor &#40;EGF&#41; and vitamin C in serum than in tears<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; the application of platelet derivates has increased in several areas of medicine including ophthalmology&#44; due to its role on tissue repair and regeneration&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Terminology</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no agreement on the definition of platelet-rich plasma &#40;PRP&#41;&#46; 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as described by Anitua et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> However&#44; according to the literature&#44; similar preparations are grouped under different terms&#46; This review respects the terminology used by the authors of referenced studies&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Importance of growth factors in the anterior segment</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Platelets are an important reservoir of growth factors and other proteins &#40;acid phosphatase&#44; &#945;1-antitripsin&#44; chemotactic factors&#44; fibronectin&#41; that play an important role in cicatrizations and tissue regeneration&#46; The majority are stored in the alpha granules of platelet cytoplasm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Growth factors are soluble peptides produced by several cell types that promote and in some cases inhibit cell proliferation&#44; 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modulating response to a lesion&#46; Specifically&#44; it increases heparan and dermatan sulfate and diminishes keratan sulfate of the stroma in experiments carried out <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span>&#44; in addition to diminishing its degradation by inhibiting the action of metalloproteinases and other proteolytic enzymes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been observed that adding TGF-&#946; in concentrations above ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> increases the effects of EGF on the growth of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> keratinocytes due to increasing the expression of high affinity EGF receptors&#46; TGF-&#946; seems to slightly inhibit the effects of VEGF on the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> and to a large extent the growth factor-induced growth of keratinocytes and hepatocytes&#44; indicating its participation in regulating the proliferation of corneal cells&#46; Both TGF-&#946;1 and TGF-&#946;2 inhibit epithelial proliferation&#44; with the effect of TGF-&#946;2 being stronger&#46; Despite its suppressive effect on cell proliferation&#44; its global effect on cicatrization is positive and its concentration is high in during stromal repair processes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is believed that&#44; at the concentrations present in the aqueous humor&#44; TGF-&#946; inhibits anterior segment angiogenesis&#44; although its role in corneal vascularization remains controversial&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It must be noted that TGF-&#946; is the main cause of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation &#40;ACAID&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Keratinocyte growth factor</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The keratinocyte growth factor &#40;KGF&#41; is produced by stromal cells and has a paracrine action on the corneal epithelium&#46; The expression of KGF as well as of its receptor is higher in fibroblasts and in limbal epithelial cells in relation to central cells&#44; suggesting that it modulates preferably stem cell action&#46; Adding KGF at concentrations between 10 and 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> to epithelial cell culture produces the synthesis of DNA and cell growth promotion&#44; without affecting cellular motility of differentiation&#46; However&#44; the effect on the proliferation of keratinocytes is insignificant&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The expression of sustained low KGF levels in intact corneae also suggests it plays a role in maintaining the corneal epithelium&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Hepatocyte growth factor</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to its mitogenic effect on hepatocytes&#44; the hepatocyte growth factor &#40;HGF&#41; produces proliferation&#44; motility and morphological changes in epithelial&#44; endothelial and melanocytic cells&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the cornea&#44; the HGF receptor expresses largely in epithelial cells and less importantly in other cellular types&#46; HGF is mainly produced by fibroblasts&#44; which means that its action on the epithelial is paracrine&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast with KGF&#44; the expression of the protein and its receptor is greater in the central cornea than in the limbus&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HGF stimulated the proliferation of epithelial and endothelial cells at concentrations between 1 and 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#46; Its effects on stromal fibroblasts are minimal&#46; HGF is also present in tears at concentrations of 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; which contributes to epithelial maintenance&#46; The expression of HGF in the aqueous humor also suggests that it participates in endothelium preservation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Platelet-derived growth factor</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The platelet derived growth factor &#40;PDGF&#41; receptor can be found in corneal fibroblasts and endothelial cells&#46; PDGF-BB is produced in the epithelium&#44; where it joins to the basal membrane&#46; PDGF-BB stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells at concentrations above 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#44; whereas migration takes place at lower concentrations&#46; It has been observed that PDGF-BB stimulates fibroblast migration in a dosis-dependent manner&#44; and that both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB exhibit a chemotactic effect on epithelial cells in the presence of fibronectin&#46; PDGF regulates fibroblast response to TGF-&#946;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> It also exhibits a chemotactic effect on monocytes and macrophages and stimulates the expression of other factors such as TGF-&#946;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Fibroblast growth factor</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Significant amounts of fibroblast growth factor &#40;FGF&#41; have been identified in the Bowman and Descemet membranes&#44; lower amounts in the corneal endothelium and none in the stroma&#46; Its receptors expressed in the 3 corneal cell types&#58; epithelial&#44; stromal and endothelial&#46; Both the acid and alkaline form induce mitosis in the epithelium&#44; stroma and endothelium&#46; The high concentration of FGF in Descemet&#39;s membrane illustrates its role in endothelial cell migration during corneal cicatrization&#46; The addition of FGF to stromal cell culture increases proliferation and migration and inhibits the expression of TGF-&#946;1&#44; whereas the previous presence of this factor increases production and response to FGF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Nerve growth factor</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The nerve growth factor &#40;NGF&#41; and its receptor are located in all the corneal layers&#44; in larger amounts in the epithelium and endothelium&#46; It is also found in the aqueous humor&#46; NGF promotes epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation at concentrations of 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&#46; However&#44; its effect is lower to that of other factors such as EGF&#46; NGF also stimulates cultured stromal fibroblast growth&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vivo</span>&#44; topical application of NGF has been demonstrated to promote the cicatrization of neurotrophic ulcers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Insulin-like growth factor</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The insulin-like growth factor &#40;IGF&#41; and its receptor are found in the epithelium and the stroma&#44; where it is involved in proliferation and differentiation through a mechanism which is synergistic with the P substance&#46; IGF has a chemotactic effect on fibroblasts and plays an important role in the action of other factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In addition to the growth factors&#44; other PRP components have effects on the ocular surface &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Implications of the preparation method</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similarly as with autologous serum&#44; there are large variations in PRP preparation techniques &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#44; which influences the concentration of platelets and growth factors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;16&#44;17</span></a> Said differences make comparisons difficult because multiple factors are involved&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Preparation systems</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a report on the use of PRP&#44; the Agency of Medicaments and Health Products of Spain &#40;AEMPS&#41; distinguishes between open and closed preparation techniques&#46; The &#8220;open technique&#8221; refers to manual obtainment&#46; If this preparation system is used&#44; the AEMPS indicates that the method must be evaluated for quality purposes&#44; which involves requesting an inspection by the competent authority to verify the adequacy of installations and implemented production and quality control activities&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The &#8220;closed technique&#8221; produces PRP by means of disposable kits that must be marked with the CE label specifically assigned for this purpose&#46; The instructions of each system must be followed and it is not necessary to obtain certification for the lab and the preparation activities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several systems in the market for obtaining said preparation&#44; such as the PRGF Endoret<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> technology &#40;BTI Biotechnology Institute&#44; S&#46;L&#46;&#44; Vitoria&#44; Spain&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Obtaining blood</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The coagulation process is influenced by the obtainment time and&#44; in order to avoid the unintended activation of platelets&#44; it is recommended to use needles with a gauge above 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>G&#46; increased extraction time has been related to lower platelet counts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Platelets can be obtained through centrifugation of full blood or through aphaeresis&#46; Higher platelet concentrations are obtained with the aphaeresis than starting from full blood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Platelets can be autologous&#44; allogenic or from blood banks and can be utilized fresh or frozen&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Anticoagulants</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast with autologous serum&#44; tubes with anticoagulants are utilized for obtaining plasma&#44; which includes serum and coagulation proteins&#46; Sodium citrate seems to be the most adequate anticoagulant as it does not alter the platelet membrane receptors as occurs for example with EDTA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acid citrate in dextrose is the most widely used anticoagulant in aphaeresis&#46; It differs from sodium citrate in its pH &#40;4&#46;9 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 7&#46;8&#41; and in citrate concentration&#46; It has been described that pH and the extracellular calcium concentration can affect platelet aggregation <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&#44; which is altered in acid medium and low concentrations of extracellular calcium<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> for which reason the use of sodium citrate seems initially more adequate&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Centrifugation</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differential centrifugation is utilized to separate blood components in a given period of time&#46; The relative centrifugal force&#44; measured in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#39;s&#44; depends on the rotor radius&#44; which means that with the same revolutions per minute different <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>-forces can be obtained&#46; It is important to express the centrifugal force in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#39;s to extrapolate it to various centrifuge devices&#46; Even so&#44; this is not always the case in numerous publications&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As regards the centrifugation&#44; a high power centrifugation cycle is normally utilized for autologous serum&#44; while for preparing platelets centrifugation is less intense in order to preserve the integrity of the platelets because the objective is the active release of growth factors&#44; which is hindered if the cell membranes are ruptured or fragmented&#46; According to different preparations&#44; centrifugation can be carried out in one or two cycles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been observed that higher coagulation times &#40;20&#44; 60 or 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#41; in the preparation of autologous serum produces higher concentrations of epitheliotropic factors&#44; with statistically significant differences for EGF&#44; TGF-&#946;1 and HGF&#46; In addition&#44; increasing the centrifugation speed &#40;from 500 to 3000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#41; was related to lower concentration of TGF-&#946;1 and higher concentrations of EGF and vitamin A&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> These parameters were not measured in the preparation of PRP&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the centrifugation process&#44; temperature is crucial to prevent platelet activation&#46; However&#44; different authors recommend different temperatures&#58; some suggest 21&#8211;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; while others indicate that temperatures between 12 and 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C enhance platelet recovery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Activation</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Calcium chloride&#44; thrombin&#44; freezing&#47;defreezing cycles&#44; surfactants&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">etc&#46;</span> can be utilized as platelet activators&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Burmeister et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> obtained differences in the concentration of growth factors with different platelet activation techniques in different PRP&#46; Thrombin activation significantly increases TGF-B concentration&#44; whereas freezing&#47;defreezing affects the concentrations of EGF and PDGF&#46; Valeri et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> suggested that thrombin activation increases the concentration of PDGF-BB&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general&#44; thrombin activation has been set aside because it can produce adverse immunological effects or the appearance of coagulopathies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some preparations do not perform platelet activation&#44; which is produced on site upon contact with collagen&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Freire et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> associated platelet activation with calcium chloride for PRGF with higher EGF levels and a greater effect on the growth of corneal epithelial cells&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Intra-individual differences</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Evidently&#44; inter-individual differences exist in the number of platelets and in the concentration of different growth factors in PRP&#44; although a correlation could not be established between the number of platelets and the concentration of some growth factors &#40;PDGF-AB&#44; PDGF-BB&#44; TGF-&#946;1&#44; TGF-&#946;2&#41; or gender influence&#46; It has been observed that aging brings about diminished levels of IGF&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> FGF and vascular endothelial growth factor &#40;VEGF&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Presence of medicaments</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anitua et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> studied the effect of acetyl-salicylic acid&#44; acenocoumarol and glucosamine sulfate on the preparation and biological effects of PRGF applied in maxillofacial surgery&#46; Said authors did not find significant differences in platelet concentration&#44; clot formation time&#44; platelet activation&#44; growth factor content&#44; cell proliferation or the synthesis of extracellular matrix components&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The autologous use of this type of preparations must be assessed individually for patients in treatment with medications that could interfere in the ocular process to be treated&#44; as could be the case of immunosuppressants or cytostatics&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Warming</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Warming PRGF during 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h at 56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C has been demonstrated to reduce IgE content &#8212; even more in allergic patients &#40;75&#37;&#41; &#8212; and complements activity&#44; whereas the concentration of the majority of proteins and morphogens&#44; including PDGF&#44; TGF-&#946;1&#44; IGF&#44; VEGF and fibronectin&#44; remains constant&#46; EGF was the only one that diminished in heated formulae&#44; although this did not influence cellular proliferation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The above results indicates that heating PRGF could be convenient for treating allergic patients with ocular pathologies related to IgE or the complement&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">White series</span><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An additional factor to be considered is the presence of leukocytes as this increases the level of cytokins&#44; including IL-6&#44; IL-1&#946;&#44; and tumor necrosis factor alpha &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41;&#44; with pro-inflammatory effects&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Stability</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stability studies are only available for PRGF&#46; After remaining frozen for 6 months &#40;&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41; and 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h in a refrigerator or at ambient temperature&#44; PRGF eyedrops have demonstrated to maintain constant levels of TGF-B1&#44; EGF&#44; PDGF&#44; VEGF and IGF&#46; Its ability to stimulate cell proliferation and migration remains constant under said storage conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; microbiological stability must not be forgotten&#46; As in all medicament preparations&#44; the Good Practices Guide for Preparing Medicaments must be applied to allocate microbiological validity periods based on the risk level associated to these compounds&#44; the place of preparation and the storage conditions&#44; in addition to carrying out appropriate controls in each case&#46; The preparations which have validity periods above the established ones must include documentary justification or undergo the sterility test for each batch of the finished product&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0120" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Differences with autologous serum</span><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As commented above&#44; tubes with anticoagulant are utilized in the preparation of plasma to obtain serum and coagulation protein&#44; with the ability to subsequently induce platelet activation with various methods&#46;</p><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anitua et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> found larger concentrations of PDGF-AB&#44; VEGF&#44; EGF&#44; FGF and TGF-&#946;1 in PRGF eyedrops than in autologous serum&#44; with increased proliferation and migration of stromal keratinocytes and conjunctival fibroblasts&#44; in addition to diminishing TGF-&#946;1-induced differentiation to myofibroblasts&#46; This correlates with the results obtained in an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> study demonstrating that mice subjected to photo-refractive keratectomy and treated with PRGF eyedrops exhibited smaller scars and greater transparency than the control group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tanidir et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> found similar results in a rabbit re-epithelization model&#46; Likewise&#44; in another rabbit corneal ulcer model&#44; said author observed accelerated corneal regeneration&#44; inflammation reduction and enhanced stromal collagen fiber network when compared to the control group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study by Freire et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> compared 3 types of hematic preparations&#58; autologous serum&#44; PRGF and PRP&#46; Said author demonstrated that PRGF has a greater effect on the corneal epithelial cell proliferation compared to other non-activated platelet-rich plasma&#44; concluding that platelet degranulation is a critical step in the concentration of growth factors and other proteins&#46; This study observed that PRGF produced an over-expression of various genes involved in cell communication and differentiation&#46;</p><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> did not find statistically significant differences between PRP and autologous serum in the concentrations of TGF-&#946;1&#44; TGF-&#946;2&#44; vitamin A or fibronectin&#46; However&#44; EGF concentration in PRP was significantly higher&#44; producing a significantly higher epithelization ratio in the group treated with PRP&#46;</p><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In turn&#44; Liu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> found greater concentrations of TGF-B&#44; PDGF and FGF in platelet concentrates&#44; whereas the concentration of fibronectin and vitamins A and E was higher in autologous serum&#46; Said proliferation results were better with PRP&#44; but not with migration&#46;</p><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the complexity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> interactions&#44; the above results cannot be extrapolated directly to clinic&#46; From this viewpoint&#44; only one retrospective study compared the effects of PRP against autologous serum in 28 eyes &#40;11 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 17&#44; respectively&#41; of patients with persistent epithelial defects&#44; with the cicatrization rate &#40;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> de lesion&#47;day&#41; being significantly higher in the PRP group &#40;0&#46;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;27 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 0&#46;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0125" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Clinical applications</span><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In December 2015 a bibliographic search was carried out in MedLine utilizing the following search strategy&#58; &#40;&#8220;platelet-rich plasma&#8221;&#91;MeSH Terms&#93; OR &#40;&#8220;platelet-rich&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93; AND &#8220;plasma&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93;&#41; OR &#8220;platelet-rich plasma&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93; OR &#40;&#8220;platelet&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93; AND &#8220;rich&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93; AND &#8220;plasma&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93;&#41; OR &#8220;platelet rich plasma&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93;&#41; AND &#40;&#8220;eye&#8221;&#91;MeSH Terms&#93; OR &#8220;eye&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93; OR &#8220;ocular surface&#8221;&#91;All Fields&#93;&#41;&#46; The search produced 78 papers&#44; of which only 5 were clinical essays in ocular surface pathologies&#58; post-LASIK nerve regeneration&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> ocular burns<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;38</span></a> and dry eye&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Accordingly&#44; it was decided to include observational studies as well&#46;</p><p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is difficult to establish the efficacy of haematic derivates in various indications due to the existence of different preparation techniques that produce preparations with differing characteristics&#46; In addition&#44; due to the absence of appropriate terminology&#44; the same term comprises variations of platelet concentrations&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a> summarizes the characteristics of the analyzed clinical studies&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0130" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Dry eye</span><p id="par0345" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2007&#44; the international group of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Dry Eye Work Shop</span> &#40;DEWS&#41; redefined the dry eye syndrome &#40;DES&#41; as &#8220;a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surface that produces symptoms of discomfort or irritation &#40;including foreign body feeling&#44; dryness or itching&#44; sensitivity to light and reddening&#41;&#44; visual alterations&#44; secretions with scale on eyelids and lacrimal layer instability that could potentially cause ocular surface damage&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a></p><p id="par0350" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DES is the most frequent ocular surface pathology and its prevalence has tripled in the last decade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> It is estimated that 25&#37; of patients who visit ophthalmological practices refer dry eye symptoms&#46; It is known that the incidence of DES increases with age and has a higher prevalence in females&#46; Approximately 15&#37; of adults over 40 suffer dry eye&#44; and the prevalence is above 19&#37; when exceeding 80 years of age&#46;</p><p id="par0355" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At present&#44; there is a broad range of pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures for managing dry eye-associated symptoms&#58; hygienic measures&#44; anti-inflammatory agents&#44; tear replacement&#44; tear retention and stimulation of tear production by means of secretagogues&#46;</p><p id="par0360" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; artificial tears remain as the cornerstone for treating dry eyes&#44; although on many occasions they fail to achieve adequate management of this condition&#46; As seen above&#44; there is no artificial tear that can exactly reproduce natural tears&#46;</p><p id="par0365" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; several papers have analyzed the efficiency of PRP in the treatment of DES&#46;</p><p id="par0370" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Merayo-Lloves et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> assessed the effect of PRGF in refractory ocular surface diseases&#44; with dry eye of various etiologies accounting for 70&#37; of studied cases&#46; This retrospective study included 80 eyes of 41 patients treated with PRGF eyedrops 4 times a day between 6 and 24 weeks according to their evolution&#46; Statistically significant differences were evidenced in the rate of ocular surface disorder&#44; in best corrected visual acuity and in the frequency and severity values of the symptoms referred by patients and measured with visual analog scale before and after treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0375" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another recent study shows that PRP injections adjacent to the lacrimal gland of patients with severe dry eye produce a significant increase of lacrimal volume and tear breakup time &#40;BUT&#41;&#44; diminishing ocular surface lissamine green staining of all treated patients&#44; additionally improving subjective perception&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a></p><p id="par0380" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> treated 16 patients with moderate&#47;severe dry eye refractory to other treatments including autologous serum with PRGF eyedrops and observed highly significant statistical differences in the dry eye questionnaire &#40;DEQ&#41; before treatment and 3 months thereafter&#46;</p><p id="par0385" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Along the same line&#44; a study on the effect of PRP eyedrops on 18 patients with moderate&#8211;severe dry eye reported that 89&#37; of patients experienced a relevant improvement or the disappearance of symptoms associated to DES&#46; In addition&#44; said study observed improved lacrimal film quality in over half of patients&#44; assessed according to lacrimal meniscus height and breakup time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0135" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Graft-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span>-host disease</span><p id="par0390" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The graft-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span>-host disease &#40;GVHD&#41; is one of the major causes of morbidity after allogeneic transplant of hematopoietic progenitors &#40;THP&#41;&#46; Ocular clinic expressions are mainly derived from lacrimal gland fibrosis in response to inflammatory infiltration&#44; with keratopathy <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sicca</span> being the predominant symptoms in chronic GVHD processes&#46; Dry eye syndrome associated chronic GVHD is the most frequent ocular complication associated to THP&#46;</p><p id="par0395" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therapeutic options include artificial tears&#44; therapeutic contact lenses&#44; lacrimal plugs&#44; topical or systemic corticoids and other immunomodulating medicaments such as cyclosporine A&#46;</p><p id="par0400" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; in a percentage of patients the above treatments are not efficient because they do not improve symptoms or produce adverse effects&#46;</p><p id="par0405" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pezzotta et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> treated 23 patients with ocular GVHD grade II&#8211;IV who did not respond to conventional treatment with platelet lysate&#46; Of these&#44; 74&#37; were classified as respondents&#44; taken as improvement of symptoms and of at least one sign&#44; with photophobia being the sign with the highest rate of improvement&#46; These results suggest that PRGF eyedrops can be considered as an alternative for treating ocular GVHD&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0140" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Persistent epithelial defects</span><p id="par0410" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A persistent epithelial defect is defined as an epithelial lesion with a diameter larger than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm that persists over 2 weeks and is resistant to conventional treatments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0415" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Usual treatments include artificial tears&#44; therapeutic contact lenses&#44; tarsorrhaphy&#44; anti-inflammatory and&#47;or antibiotic agents&#46; Several studies assessed the effect of hematic derivates on persistent epithelial defects&#46; In the most recent study&#44; the application of PRP eyedrops 3 times a day during 2&#8211;4 weeks produced in all cases cicatrization or improvement of treated corneal lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p><p id="par0420" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> described similar results in the treatment of persistent epithelial defects after infectious keratitis&#46; All patients treated with PRP eyedrops achieved full re-epithelization against 75&#37; in the autologous serum group as well as achieving full epithelization in less time&#46;</p><p id="par0425" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The effect of PRGF eyedrops was studied by Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> in 18 eyes of patients with persistent epithelial defects of different etiologies&#46; Overall&#44; 85&#37; of cases exhibited full resolution&#44; with the etiology of 3 non-resolved cases being neurotrophic&#46; One patient suspended treatment due to red eye and itching&#46;</p><p id="par0430" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Geremicca et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> described one case of treatment-associated vascularization resolved with corticoid therapy&#46; The rest of patients achieved the resolution of treated epithelial defects or corneal ulcers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0145" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Corneal ulcers-corneal perforations</span><p id="par0435" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A corneal ulcer can be defined as an erosion of the ocular surface external layer&#44; frequently due to an infection but also to foreign bodies&#44; abrasions&#44; severe dryness or allergic&#47;inflammatory ocular pathologies&#46; The initial treatment for ocular ulcers is based on reducing the risk of infection and enhancing tissue regeneration&#44; avoiding as much as possible the formation of cicatricial tissue that could impair vision&#46;</p><p id="par0440" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Very severe corneal ulcer cases are treated with amniotic membrane&#46; PGRF has been utilized in the form of autologous fibrin membrane with high growth factor concentration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#8211;50</span></a> Some studies have assessed the effect of PGRF membrane on its own<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> or in combination with other type of membranes such as amniotic membrane<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> or collagen membrane derived from bovine pericardium&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> obtaining stable corneal ulcer closure without evidence of infection&#44; inflammation or pain&#46; One of these studies treated 26 patients having torpid corneal ulcers with PRP eyedrops 6 times a day&#46; 92&#37; of patients improved significantly&#44; exhibiting diminished inflammation and ocular pain after treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;51</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0150" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Burns</span><p id="par0445" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ocular burns account for 12&#8211;19&#37; of ocular traumatisms and are one of the main causes of ophthalmological emergencies&#44; mainly involving young people with domestic or workplace accidents&#46;</p><p id="par0450" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The etiology of burns can be thermal or chemical &#40;caustications&#41;&#44; the latter being more frequent&#46; The objective of treatment is to achieve corneal and conjunctival re-epithelization as quickly as possible and to reduce permanent damage in the largest possible extent&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a></p><p id="par0455" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marquez de Aracena et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> observed that the application of subconjunctival PRP was related to lower cicatrization and epithelization&#44; greater corneal transparency and visual acuity&#46;</p><p id="par0460" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Panda et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> assessed the addition of PRP eyedrops 10 times a day to standard treatment in patients with acute chemical injuries&#44; reporting lower epithelization time in the group treated with PRP&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0155" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Post-LASIK syndrome</span><p id="par0465" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This syndrome is characterized by ocular dryness&#44; micropuntata keratitis&#44; diminished and unstable tears and diminished visual acuity probably caused by damages induced in corneal innervation&#46; One of the main functions of corneal nerves is to regulate the secretion of lacrimal and Meibomium glands&#46; If said nerves are damaged&#44; neurotrophic epitheliopathy arises and affects tear composition&#46; Artificial tear treatment is frequently insufficient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0470" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PRP has a lubricating effect and has demonstrated efficiency in corneal epithelium regeneration in micropunctata keratitis&#44; diminishing inflammation in patients with dry eye and stimulating corneal ulcer cicatrization&#44; probably because its composition includes NGF which has demonstrated to accelerate post-LASIK re-innervation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;54</span></a> and cicatrization in moderate&#8211;severe neurotrophic keratitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a></p><p id="par0475" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> carried out a prospective study on the efficacy of PRP in 26 eyes of 30 LASIK patients who exhibited moderate&#8211;severe dry eye&#46; The application of PRP 6 times a day improves visual acuity &#40;69&#37; of cases increased between one and 4 lines after treatment&#41;&#44; the lacrimal meniscus&#44; BUT &#40;46&#37; increased BUT over 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s and 54&#37; up to 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#41; and impressions cytology which exhibited goblet cell increases and diminished squamous metaplasia&#46; One patient developed intolerance after 4 weeks of treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0480" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; a subsequent study on post-LASIK nerve regeneration did not observe differences in the appearance of the sub-basal nerve plexus or in corneal sensitivity in patients treated with PRP eyedrops during 3 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0160" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0180">Adverse effects and contraindications</span><p id="par0485" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Risks and possible adverse effects are associated to microbiological contamination and transmission of diseases&#46; When utilizing platelets obtained from banks or human or bovine thrombin for platelet activation&#44; the risk of infectious disease transmission is higher and can be minimized utilizing autologous platelets and calcium chloride as activator&#46;</p><p id="par0490" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the reviewed clinical studies&#44; the incidence of adverse reactions is very low&#44; generally only slight&#46; Only 2 cases of red eye and palpebral inflammation are reported&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> one of intolerance after 4 weeks of treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> one patient who developed red eye and itching related to the treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> and one case of increase vascularization that was resolved after suspending the preparation and administering topical corticoids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a></p><p id="par0495" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The utilization of platelet derivates is subject to the absolute and relative contraindications specified in Annex II&#44; paragraph C&#44; of Royal Decree 1088&#47;2005&#46; One of the contraindications is severe heart disease&#44; depending on the clinical circumstances at the time of extraction&#46; In addition&#44; the use of platelet derivate is contraindicated in patients with the following history&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a&#41;</span><p id="par0500" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hepatitis B&#44; excepting those who are negative to the surface antigen of hepatitis B &#40;AgHBs&#41;&#44; with demonstrated immunity&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b&#41;</span><p id="par0505" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Positive markers for VHC&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c&#41;</span><p id="par0510" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Positive markers for VIH-I&#47;II&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">d&#41;</span><p id="par0515" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Positive markers for HTLV I&#47;II&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0520" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; the use of platelet derivates is contraindicated temporarily in patients with active bacterial infections&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0165" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0185">Conclusions</span><p id="par0525" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Platelet derivates supply fundamental factors for maintaining the ocular surface&#46;</p><p id="par0530" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The methods for obtaining said derivates are highly variable&#44; and this affects the composition of the preparations&#44; which must be carried out with adequate traceability and safety assurance&#46;</p><p id="par0535" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Initial clinic studies on the use of PRP derivates on the ocular surface demonstrate their safety and efficiency for treating diverse ocular surface pathologies&#46; However&#44; different preparation methods&#44; the lack of common terminology and the absence of high quality clinical trials comparing PRP derivates with currently available treatments are obstacles to the therapeutic positioning thereof&#46;</p><p id="par0540" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clear terminology as well as adequately designed clinical trials providing evidence on the efficacy of different preparations for treating ocular surface pathologies are required&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0170" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0190">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0545" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No conflict of interests was declared by the authors&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "identificador" => "xres733556"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
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              "identificador" => "abst0005"
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        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737383"
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          "titulo" => "Resumen"
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            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
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        4 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0010"
              "titulo" => "Role of haematic derivates in ophthalmology&#46; Historical perspective&#46; Use of autologous serum"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Terminology"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Importance of growth factors in the anterior segment"
              "secciones" => array:8 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0025"
                  "titulo" => "Epidermal growth factor"
                ]
                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0030"
                  "titulo" => "Transforming growth factor &#946;"
                ]
                2 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0035"
                  "titulo" => "Keratinocyte growth factor"
                ]
                3 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0040"
                  "titulo" => "Hepatocyte growth factor"
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                4 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0045"
                  "titulo" => "Platelet-derived growth factor"
                ]
                5 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0050"
                  "titulo" => "Fibroblast growth factor"
                ]
                6 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0055"
                  "titulo" => "Nerve growth factor"
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                7 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0060"
                  "titulo" => "Insulin-like growth factor"
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        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Implications of the preparation method"
          "secciones" => array:11 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0070"
              "titulo" => "Preparation systems"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0075"
              "titulo" => "Obtaining blood"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0080"
              "titulo" => "Anticoagulants"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0085"
              "titulo" => "Centrifugation"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0090"
              "titulo" => "Activation"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0095"
              "titulo" => "Intra-individual differences"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0100"
              "titulo" => "Presence of medicaments"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0105"
              "titulo" => "Warming"
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            8 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0110"
              "titulo" => "White series"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0115"
              "titulo" => "Stability"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0120"
              "titulo" => "Differences with autologous serum"
            ]
          ]
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        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0125"
          "titulo" => "Clinical applications"
          "secciones" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0130"
              "titulo" => "Dry eye"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0135"
              "titulo" => "Graft-versus-host disease"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0140"
              "titulo" => "Persistent epithelial defects"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0145"
              "titulo" => "Corneal ulcers-corneal perforations"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0150"
              "titulo" => "Burns"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0155"
              "titulo" => "Post-LASIK syndrome"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0160"
          "titulo" => "Adverse effects and contraindications"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0165"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0170"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
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        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-01-05"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-03-01"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737383"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Platelet rich plasma"
            1 => "Plasma rich in growth factors"
            2 => "Blood products"
            3 => "Ocular surface"
            4 => "Cornea"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec737384"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Plasma rico en plaquetas"
            1 => "Plasma rico en factores de crecimiento"
            2 => "Derivados hem&#225;ticos"
            3 => "Superficie ocular"
            4 => "C&#243;rnea"
          ]
        ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The use of platelet-rich preparations has experienced a significant increase in recent years due to its role in tissue-repair and regeneration&#46; The aim of this study is to examine the available evidence regarding the application of plasma rich in growth factors&#44; and its variations&#44; on the ocular surface&#46; A review is also presented on the effects of platelet-derived growth factors&#44; the implications of the preparation methods&#44; and the existing literature on the safety and efficacy of these therapies in ocular surface diseases&#46; Despite the widespread use of platelet preparations there is no consensus on the most appropriate preparation method&#44; and growth factors concentration vary with different systems&#46; These preparations have been used in the treatment of ocular surface diseases&#44; such as dry eye or persistent epithelial defects&#44; among others&#44; with good safety and efficacy profiles&#44; but further studies are needed to compare to the currently available alternatives&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El uso de los preparados ricos en plaquetas ha experimentado un aumento significativo en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os debido a su papel en la reparaci&#243;n y regeneraci&#243;n tisular&#46; El objetivo del presente estudio es recopilar la evidencia disponible respecto a la aplicaci&#243;n de plasma rico en factores de crecimiento y sus variantes sobre la superficie ocular&#58; el efecto de los factores de crecimiento derivados de plaquetas&#44; las implicaciones de los distintos m&#233;todos de preparaci&#243;n&#44; los estudios publicados en patolog&#237;as de la superficie ocular&#44; as&#237; como sus contraindicaciones y reacciones adversas&#46; Pese al uso generalizado de los preparados de plaquetas&#44; no existe un consenso sobre el m&#233;todo de preparaci&#243;n m&#225;s adecuado&#44; variando las concentraciones de factores de crecimiento seg&#250;n el sistema empleado&#46; Estos preparados se han utilizado en el tratamiento de enfermedades de la superficie ocular como del ojo seco o los defectos epiteliales persistentes&#44; entre otras&#44; con un perfil adecuado de eficacia y seguridad&#44; aunque son necesarios m&#225;s estudios para su posicionamiento terap&#233;utico respecto a las alternativas actualmente disponibles&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Riestra AC&#44; Alonso-Herreros JM&#44; Merayo-Lloves J&#46; Plasma rico en plaquetas en superficie ocular&#46; Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol&#46; 2016&#59;91&#58;475&#8211;490&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EGF&#58; epidermic growth factor&#59; IGF-I&#58; insulin-like growth factor&#59; NGF&#58; nerve growth factor&#59; SIgA&#58; surface immunoglobulin A&#59; PS&#58; P substance&#59; TGF-&#946;&#58; transforming growth factor &#946;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tear&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">pH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Osmolarity &#40;mOsm&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">298&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">296&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EGF &#40;ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;2&#8211;0&#46;3 &#40;13&#41;&#44; 1&#46;9&#8211;9&#46;7 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TGF-&#946; &#40;ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#8211;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#8211;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin A &#40;mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fibronectin &#40;&#956;g<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">205&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lisozyme &#40;mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SIgA &#40;&#956;g<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1190&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IGF-I &#40;ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PS &#40;ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;071&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">468&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of tear and serum composition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;13&#44;56</span></a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "identificador" => "at2"
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            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EGF&#58; epidermic growth factor&#59; HGF&#58; hepatocyte growth factor&#59; IGF&#58; insulin-like growth factor&#59; KGF&#58; keratinocyte growth factor&#59; NGF&#58; nerve growth factor&#59; PDGF&#58; platelet-derived growth factor&#59; FGF&#58; fibroblast growth factor&#59; TGF-&#946;&#58; transforming growth factor &#946;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Receptor loc&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Function&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">EGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium &#40;&#62;limbus&#41;<br>Endothelium<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Extracellular matrix synthesis &#40;fibronectin and hyaluronic acid&#41;<br>Stimulates cell proliferation and migration<br>Inhibits terminal epithelial differentiation<br>Anti-apoptotic effect<br>Increases the production of mucin 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TGF-&#946;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium<br>Stroma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Inhibits the growth of epithelial and endothelial cells<br>Stimulates fibroblast proliferation&#44; migration and differentiation<br>Modifies extracellular matrix synthesis<br>&#40;&#8593; heparan and dermatan sulfate and &#8595; keratan sulfate&#41;<br>Inhibits the activity of proteases and other proteolytic enzymes<br>&#8593; the effect of EGF on keratocyte growth<br>Accounts for Anterior Chamber Associated Immunology Deviation &#40;ACAID&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">KGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium &#40;&#62;limbus&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">DNA synthesis and cell growth promotion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium &#40;&#62;central cornea&#41;<br>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Proliferation&#44; motility and morphological changes in epithelial and endothelial cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PDGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Stroma<br>Endothelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Stimulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and fibroblasts<br>PDGF regulates the response of fibroblasts to TGF-&#946;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">FGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium<br>Stroma<br>Endothelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mitosis in epithelium&#44; stroma and endothelium<br>Migration of endothelial and stromal cells during corneal cicatrization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium<br><br>Endothelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Promotes proliferation and differentiation<br>Liberation of neuropeptides and other growth factors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium<br>Stroma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Epithelium proliferation and differentiation<br>Anti-apoptotic effect<br>Increases integrin expression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Main growth factors present in plasma and platelets and their function in the anterior segment&#46;</p>"
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      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Source</span>&#58; Adapted from L&#243;pez Garc&#237;a&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Antibacterian and antioxidant<br>Epitheliotropic &#40;prevents squamous metaplasia&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Fibronectin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Extracellular matrix<br>Enhances cell migration in repair processes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anexin 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Interacts with some integrins mimicking the effect of fibronectin<br>Stimulates the production of urokinase&#44; which facilitates cell migration during repair processes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Albumin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anti-apoptotic effect<br>Diminishes cytokine and growth factor degradation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">&#945;2-macroglobulin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Neutralizes proteolytic enzymes &#40;anticollagenase&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">P substance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Enhances epithelial cell migration and proliferation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Inmunoglobulins&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Antimicrobial effect</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lisozyme&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Complement&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Function of other PRP components on the ocular surface&#46;</p>"
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      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
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            "rol" => "short"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PRGF&#58; plasma rich in growth factors&#59; PRP&#58; platelet-rich plasma&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preparation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Extraction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Centrifugation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pipetted&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Activation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Incubation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Conservation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Validity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Platelet concentration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Anitua et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Serum tubes&#46; Spontaneous coagulation 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Serum 20&#37; diluted with NaCl 0&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;1 &#40;227<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRGF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes with 3&#46;8&#37; sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">580<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; ambient temp&#46;&#44; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plasma&#44; avoiding the white series&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 10&#37;&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;1&#46;7 &#40;386<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span>&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ronci et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of blood in 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes with sodium citrate and gel separator&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; ambient temp&#46;&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Freezing&#47;defreezing<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>centrifugation 10&#44;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;1&#46;3 &#40;338&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Avila<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Activated PRP injection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood in tubes with 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; separation of plasma and 160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml lower of plasma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Injected immediately&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a><br>Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a><br>Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#8211;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood in 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes with 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of 3&#46;2&#37; sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#37; of the plasma column&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 days 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;4 &#40;800&#44;000&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood in 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes with 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of 3&#46;2&#37; sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plasma portion closest to the red series&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l of CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 10&#37;&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Immediate application&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;1&#46;6&#8211;2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Panda et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood in 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes with 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of 3&#46;2&#37; sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#37; of the plasma column&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 days 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;4 &#40;800&#44;000&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pezzotta et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet lysate eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood with anticoagulant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">900<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diluted at 30&#37; with 0&#46;9&#37; NaCl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Freezing at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C during at least 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min defreezing at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 45 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Kim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml autologous blood in 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes 1&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml citrate-dextrose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plasma and white series&#44; diluted at 20&#37; with 0&#46;9&#37; NaCl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml autologous blood&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Serum diluted at 20&#37; with 0&#46;9&#37; NaCl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Freire et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sodium citrate as anticoagulant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">460<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Allowed to coagulate 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at ambient temp&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sodium citrate as anticoagulant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">460<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant avoiding the white series&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 22&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml autologous blood in 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes and 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml 3&#46;8&#37; sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">460<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; ambient temp&#46;&#44; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plasma diluted at 20&#37; with NaCl 0&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CaCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 22&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 3 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 days 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#215;2&#8211;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Plasma portion closest to the red series diluted at 50&#37; with 0&#46;9&#37; NaCl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Geremicca et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet lysate eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#8211;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood with EDTA as anticoagulant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1200&#8211;1600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm &#40;acc&#46; to &#35; of platelets&#41;&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Complete plasma column&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Marquez de Aracena et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Injection of platelet concentrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood in 4&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml tubes with 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml sodium citrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200&#8211;400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l immediately above the red series&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Immediate application&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Burmeister et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Frozen PRP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrates obtained by aphaeresis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelets re-suspended in DEMEN &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP activated with thrombin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrates obtained by aphaeresis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelets re-suspended in DEMEN &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Human thrombin 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min then cent&#46; at 3500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Liu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrate eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet concentrates obtained by aphaeresis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelets re-suspended in PBS &#40;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Human thrombin 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min then cent&#46; At 3500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span> 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of autologous blood allowed to coagulate 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at ambient temp&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">g</span>&#44; 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Full supernatant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Different preparation methods described in the literature&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at5"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EGF&#58; epidermic growth factor&#59; FGF&#58; fibroblast growth factor&#59; HGF&#58; hepatocyte growth factor&#59; IGF&#58; insulin-like growth factor&#59; NGF&#58; nerve growth factor&#59; PDGF&#58; platelet-derived growth factor&#59; PRGF&#58; plasma rich in growth factors&#59; PRP&#58; platelet-rich plasma&#59; TGF-&#946;&#58; transforming growth factor &#946;&#59; VEGF&#58; vascular endothelial growth factor&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preparation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PDGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VEGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NGF &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fibronectin &#40;&#956;g<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TGF-&#946;1 &#40;ng<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IGF-1 &#40;pg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Anitua et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AB<br>14&#46;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;900&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">609&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum 20&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AB<br>3&#46;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Ronci et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP<br>Pre-freezing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AA<br>296<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61<br>PDGF-BB<br>201&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Post-freezing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AA<br>1&#46;017<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>253<br>PDGF-BB<br>924&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>222&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">174<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Freire et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#46;360<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;730&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">417&#46;94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>82&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">160&#46;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>89&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">275&#46;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>101&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#46;260<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;440&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">279&#46;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>78&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>63&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#46;580<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;650&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">489&#46;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>79&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">83&#46;74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>79&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>41&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#46;645&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;690&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">468&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>97&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">204&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>119&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">149&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>173&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#46;097&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;299&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">479&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>113&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Kim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">248&#46;96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">860&#46;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>141&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pezzotta et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PDGF-AB<br>2&#46;532 &#40;637&#8211;4&#46;001&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;1&#46;4&#8211;15&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;5 &#40;36&#46;5&#8211;129&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;07 &#40;5&#46;93&#8211;17&#46;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">93&#46;5 &#40;66&#8211;110&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Burmeister et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Frozen PRP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">307&#46;110<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75&#46;520&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;990<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;800&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP activated with thrombin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">240&#46;130<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>115&#46;970&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>730&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Liu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#46;580<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;980&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">820<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>460&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&#46;040<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#46;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;550<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>300&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;006<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BCVA&#58; best corrected visual acuity&#59; BUT&#58; tear breakup time&#59; OSDI&#58; ocular surface disease index&#59; PRGF&#58; plasma rich in growth factors&#59; PRP&#58; platelet-rich plasma&#59; VAS&#58; visual analog scale&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#35; of treated eyes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primary results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RAM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Merayo-Lloves et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Refractory ocular surface disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Retrospective review of clinical records&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops 4 times a day from 6 to 24 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">OSDI 49&#46;58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;04&#8211;28&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;76 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; BCVA 0&#46;27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&#8211;0&#46;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; VAS frequency of symptoms 83&#46;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;77&#8211;53&#46;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&#46;21&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; VAS severity of symptoms 79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#46;57&#37;&#8211;47&#46;88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#46;75&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41; adverse effects associated to treatment&#58; red eye and palpebral inflammation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ronci et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Persistent epithelial defects&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 3 times a day during 2&#8211;4 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">All epithelial defects exhibited cicatrization or improvement&#46; BCVA improved in patients with dry eye as well as fluorescein staining during treatment&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Avila<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Severe dry eye secondary to Sj&#246;gren syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP injection adjacent to lacrimal gland at 0&#44; 4&#44; 8 and 12 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Schirmer type I&#58; improvement in 100&#37; &#40;from 3&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm to 11&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002<br>Staining with lysamin green &#40;modified Oxford scale&#41;&#58; from 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61 to 2&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;5&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005<br>BUT&#58; from 4&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s to 12&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Inflammation in the injection area&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Javaloy et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Post-LASIK nerve regeneration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prospective&#44; randomized&#44; double-blind&#44; controlled with BSS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops during 3 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No differences in corneal sensitivity or corneal sub-basal nerve plexus appearance&#46; Corneal staining improvements the first and third postop month&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Perforated corneal ulcers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot under fibrin membrane&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&#37; of perforations were sealed&#46; At 7 days&#44; 5 patients exhibited epithelial closure with stromal thinning and 6 epithelial and stromal cicatrization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Perforated corneal ulcers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot under collagen membrane&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&#37; of perforations were sealed after 2&#8211;3 weeks&#46; 5 patients had no relapse after 3 months follow-up&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Panda et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Acute chemical injuries</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Prospective&#44; randomized&#44; controlled&#44; double-blind</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 10 times a day <span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> standard treatment &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="top">20</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Lower epithelialization time in PRP group &#40;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>31 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26 days&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;29&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#8211;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Artificial tears 10 times a day<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard treatment &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pezzotta et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Refractory ocular graft-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span>-host disease &#40;grade II&#8211;IV&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops 4 times a day during 6 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Results after 30 days treatment&#46; BCVA dry eye questionnaire&#46; No improvement<br>Schirmer type I&#58; No improvement<br>BUT&#58; improvement in 86&#46;9&#37;<br>Biomicroscopy &#40;Oxford scale&#41;&#58; improvement in 69&#46;6&#37;<br>Respondents improvement in symptoms &#40;&#62;5 pts&#41; and 1 sign &#40;&#60;1 pt&#41;&#58; 73&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Kim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Persistent epithelial defects after infectious keratitis</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Retrospective review of clinical records</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Autologous serum &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&#46; PRP eyedrops &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="top">28</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Five patients of the autologous serum group required tt&#46; with amniotic membrane&#46; Time to full epithelization diminished with PRP &#40;17&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 10&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;5 days&#41;</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#8211;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Moderate&#47;severe refractory dry eye<br>10 hyposecretor-no-Sj&#246;gren<br>8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#46; Sj&#246;gren<br>8 Meibomium gland dysfunctions<br>6 mixed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops &#215;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Differences in dry eye questionnaire &#40;SDEQ&#41; before and at month 3 &#40;18&#46;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;68&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> &#40;10&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;84&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001<br>Minimum improvement&#44; 25&#37;&#59; moderate&#44; 31&#46;25&#37;&#59; substantial&#44; 43&#46;75&#37;<br>Squamous metaplasia reduction grade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopez-Plandolit et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Persistent epithelial defects<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a><br>9 neurotrophic<br><br>6 iatrogenic<br>3 secondary to chemical burns<br>2 secondary to dry eye&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRGF eyedrops&#44; 1 drop&#47;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h during the first 3 days&#46; Then as per evolution&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Resolution of 85&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> of cases in mean 10&#46;9 weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">One patient suspended tt&#46; due to red eye and irritation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Geremicca et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Corneal lesions without epithelization after 1 week of conventional tt&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelet lysate eyedrops 5&#8211;10 times a day during 1 month&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cicatrization of 100&#37; of epithelial defects&#47;corneal ulcers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">One patient resolved corneal vascularization with corticoid tt&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Marquez de Aracena et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ocular burn grade 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; with active controller&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Subconjunctival injection of platelet concentrate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Corneal cicatrization time&#58; 6 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 3 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;<br>Conjunctival cicatrization time&#58; 6 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 4 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;017&#41;<br>Keratitis time&#58; 6 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 9 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&#37; ocular irritation after injection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ocular surface syndrome post-LASIK&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 6 times a day during a month&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&#37; significant symptom improvement<br>54&#37; improved BCVA 1&#8211;2 lines&#59; 46&#37; improved BUT &#62;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#59; 69&#37; for resolution of keratitis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">punctata</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">One patient developed intolerance after one month tt&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Moderate&#8211;severe dry eye&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Observational prospective&#44; not controlled&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 4&#8211;6 times a day during 1 month&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89&#37; relevant improvement or disappearance of symptoms associated to dry eye syndrome&#46; 28&#37; gain of at least one BCVA line&#46; &#62;Lacrimal meniscus height and BUT&#46; Significant increase of goblet cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Alio et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Torpid corneal ulcers&#58; 12 neurotrophic&#44; 6 herpetic&#44; 6 immunologic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Observational&#44; prospective&#44; not controlled</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP eyedrops 6 times a day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Size&#47;depth reduction&#58;<br>50&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> cicatrization&#59; 42&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> significant improvement&#59; 8&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> no changes<br>BCVA&#58; 42&#37; no improvement&#59; 31&#37; &#43;1&#8211;3 lines&#59; 15&#37; &#43;4&#8211;5 lines&#59; 12&#37; &#43;&#8805;6 lines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eyes with perforation or high risk thereof&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRP clot<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>amniotic membrane&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Size&#47;depth reduction&#58;<br>71&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> cicatrization&#59; 29&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> significant improvement<br>BCVA&#58; 43&#37; no improvement&#59; 36&#37; &#43;1&#8211;3 lines&#59; 14&#37; &#43;4&#8211;5 lines&#59; 7&#37; &#43;&#8805;6 lines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Article information

ISSN: 21735794
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.oftale.2016.06.003

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