Letter to the Editor
Myopia, the challenge of ophthalmology and its worldwide “explosive epidemic”
Miopía, el reto de la oftalmología y su «explosiva epidemia» mundial
a Departamento de Farmacia, Biotecnología, Nutrición y Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Óptica II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
c Departamento/Centro de Física, Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
d Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Villa-Collar, G. Carracedo, J.M. González-Méijome, D. Piñero-Llorens" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Villa-Collar" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "cesar.villa@universidadeuropea.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Carracedo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "González-Méijome" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "D." 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We are very pleased to see that the scientific Journal of Spanish Ophthalmology dedicated an editorial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> to one of the most important ocular and visual health issues of the present and future society, i.e., myopia and the evolution thereof. However, we were saddened to notice the absence of scientific rigour as well as of clinical ethics in several parts thereof.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accordingly, we have identified a range of inaccuracies in some phrases that require clarification. Some of the most relevant are discussed below.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatments with bifocal and progressive ophthalmic lenses have demonstrated an effect (albeit a weak one) to slow down myopia. These treatments should not be combined with others which have proven lack of efficacy such as hypocorrection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no sufficient evidence to state that orthokeratology is more efficient in medium and high myopics than in low myopics. Uni- and multivariate analyses in various studies have not found differences in the efficacy based on previous diopters.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hiraoka et al. recently published that the use of orthokeratology maintains its efficacy for controlling myopia in a period of 10 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The risk of microbial keratitis with orthokeratology is similar to that of other modes of contact lens use.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> An incidence of 7.7 for each 10,000 users/year is estimated against 4 for daily use and 20 for continued use.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hydrophilic MiSigh<span class="elsevierStyleSup">t®</span> contact lens, in addition to being the only lens in the market having the specific CE standard for myopia control in children, has been tested in 2 international clinic trials (NCT01917110 and NCT01729208) covering 2 and 3 years with positive results<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a> (<a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.clinicaltrial.gov/">www.clinicaltrial.gov</a>).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Longer outdoors time has demonstrated to be effective in preventing the appearance of myopia but not in halting its progression in previously myopic eyes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low doses of atropine have not been tested over a period exceeding 2 years of continued use. Even though the ATOM study covered 5 years, children used atropine for 2-year periods with one year suspension after ending the first phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, the editorial being commented demonstrates inadequate use of scientific evidence, giving the impression of promoting a single therapeutic option for controlling the progression of myopia and demeaning other options that are backed by demonstrated scientific evidence and widely used by ophthalmologists as well as optometrists, in many cases in close and healthy cooperation. We agree with the recently published editorial in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ophthalmology</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> in that this “explosive epidemic” cannot be overcome by extreme positions instead of broad outlooks, common sense and interprofessional cooperation. This is what society calls on us to do, and our work must be focused on this call.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Villa-Collar C, Carracedo G, González-Méijome JM, Piñero-Llorens D. Miopía, el reto de la oftalmología y su «explosiva epidemia» mundial. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019;94:204–205.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Myopia, the challenge of ophthalmology and its worldwide “explosive epidemic”" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M Diaz Llopis" 1 => "A. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 March | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2021 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020 September | 0 | 1 | 1 |
