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Lower eyelid reconstruction with pericranium graft and Mustarde flap
Reconstrucción de párpado inferior mediante injerto de pericráneo y colgajo de Mustardé
N. Ibáñez-Flores, C. Bruzual-Lezama, J.J. Castellar-Cerpa, L. Fernández-Montalvo
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Departamento de Oculoplastia y Órbita, Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain
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"apellidos" => "Burgueño Montanés" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0365669119302266" "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2019.07.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0365669119302266?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579419301409?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735794/0000009400000010/v1_201910010751/S2173579419301409/v1_201910010751/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Short communication</span>" "titulo" => "Lower eyelid reconstruction with pericranium graft and Mustarde flap" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "514" "paginaFinal" => "517" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "N. Ibáñez-Flores, C. Bruzual-Lezama, J.J. Castellar-Cerpa, L. Fernández-Montalvo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Ibáñez-Flores" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Bruzual-Lezama" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Castellar-Cerpa" ] 3 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Montalvo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "lorenafmontalvo@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Oculoplastia y Órbita, Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reconstrucción de párpado inferior mediante injerto de pericráneo y colgajo de Mustardé" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 802 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 225384 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(a) Preoperative photograph. (b) The tumoration is composed of an epithelial basaloid cells proliferation which forms nests infiltrating a markedly desmoplastic stroma (HE 100×).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Repair of full-thickness and wide (more than two thirds) defects of the lower eyelids might be challenging, especially in cases where the defects exceeds the lids limits, extending either to the cheek or over medial canthal region. Such situations appear most often after tumour resection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy and constitutes 90% of malignant eyelid tumours, with a slight male preponderance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The lower eyelid and inner canthus are most commonly affected. Involvement of the inner canthus carries the worst prognosis for orbital invasion and aggressive histology requiring huge excision.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A graft in combination with a flap is typically used to replace either the posterior (tarsus and conjunctiva) or the anterior lamella (skin and orbicularis oculis muscle).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present a case of a new reconstruction technique for massive loss of tissue of the medial canthus and lower eyelid, which restores in a single surgical operation both anterior and posterior lamella using a Mustardé rotation-advancement and a pericranium graft. Anatomic and functional reconstruction was achieved.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 68 years old man was admitted in our department for a tumour of the left lower eyelid with a 3-years history of ulcerated lesion spreading it along almost the entire length of the lower left eyelid and invading the inner cantus (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>a). A biopsy of the lesion was performed and histopathology revealed a BCC with squamous differentiation. The tumour was composed of epithelial basaloid cells proliferation which forms nests infiltrating a markedly desmoplastic stroma. In some areas, the cellular proliferation was predominantly sclerosing type and the neoplastic cells form elongated nest infiltrating between the collagen bundles. These features were consistent with a sclerosing BCC (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>b). Subsequently, due to the difficulty of clinically identifying the margin and the diffuse spreading nature of these lesions, surgical excision of the tumour under frozen section control was done, obtaining free margins through an intraoperative biopsy, leaving a large cutaneous defect that compromised the inner canthus, 2/3 of the lower eyelid and 2.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm of the cheek (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>a). In a second surgical time the huge defect need a complex reconstruction performed in two parts, the posterior lamella of lower eyelid was reconstructed with pericranium graft (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>b) to give volume and support and the anterior lamella with Mustardé cheek rotation flap (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>c and d) with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results from the first moment (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>a). The entire procedure was carried out in one surgery. After 12 months of follow-up, the patient has an adequate appearance, with good eyelid support, both posterior and anterior lamellae with vascularized tissue similar to the native eyelid, no retraction or ectropion and no tumour recurrence (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>b).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reconstruction of anterior lamella of the lower eyelid with a Mustardé rotational cheek flap fulfils the basic criteria for an ideal cutaneous flap: skin of excellent colour and texture match to be moved into position in one surgical procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First described by Mustardé in 1971, the advancement-rotation temporo jugal skin flap has been used largely for the loss of areas of the cheek, the temple, and the inferior eyelid. Because this wide-based pedicle flap has excellent vascularity, necrosis is uncommon and abundant circulation is available to support the free grafts necessary to line the inside of the flap.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to previously reports, several types of autogenous grafts have already been used for repairing the posterior lamella, including labial mucosa, hard palate mucoperiosteum,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> auricular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and nasoseptal cartilage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Hard palate mucosa grafts are an excellent replacement for tarsus and conjunctiva in eyelid reconstruction. These offer an exceptional consistency, and it is possible to obtain a graft of ample size to correct the entire length of the eyelid. On the other hand, the labial mucosa graft is painful, too weak and small to support the lower eyelid and shrinks substantially during the postoperative period.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> However, our patient had a history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, an absolute contraindication to the use of oral grafting. Auricular or nasoseptal cartilage grafts have sometimes been used, but these are too thick and too stiff to achieve appropriate contact between the eyelid and eyeball.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our experience, pericranium graft is a versatile and robust tissue that yields good cosmetic and functional outcomes when used in the reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelid deficits. It is likely that, even when not viable, overlying free skin-grafts act as an excellent biological dressing until epithelialization occurs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> An easy procedure is needed to obtain it, gives as substantial extension of tissue and no post operatory pain.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Traditionally, large full-thickness lower eyelid defects have been repaired using tarsoconjunctival flaps (Hughes procedure) with a blood-supplying pedicle. This is a 2-stage procedure involving occlusion of vision in the affected eye for several weeks, as the flap pedicle is not divided until vascularization is deemed adequate. Due to the temporary eyelid closure Hughes procedures are not the treatment of choice in one-eyed patients, or in those of amblyogenic age, who need eyelid reconstruction on the side of their only seeing eye. Furthermore, due to the fact that our patient resided outside of Barcelona, he required to take a plane for each surgery or appointment. Consequently, he requested to be operated in one surgery.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The combination of a great vascular flap as Mustardé rotational cheek flap with an excellent graft as pericranium graft increase the possibility of having a good aesthetic and functional results in a single surgical operation, especially in those cases like our case where is found a wide lost of tissue and was compromised the inner canthus.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusions</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, reconstruction of the lower eyelid and internal canthus is often a major challenge for the oculoplastic surgeon. The use of pericranium associated with a flap of Mustardé can be a good surgical alternative, to obtain suitable aesthetic and functional results, perdurable in time.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The flap not only brings additional skin with good colour and matching texture, but also ensures the adequate blood supply to the pericranium graft attached to the subcutaneous layer of the flap.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pericranial graft provides a sufficient amount of tissue to cover large defects, with an appropriate volume and a non-painful postoperative period.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1250899" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1159786" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1250898" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1159787" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Case report" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-01-06" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-04-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1159786" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Basal cell carcinoma" 1 => "Lower lid reconstruction" 2 => "Pericranium graft" 3 => "Mustarde flap" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1159787" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Carcinoma basocelular" 1 => "Reconstrucción del párpado inferior" 2 => "Injerto pericráneo" 3 => "Colgajo Mustardé" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 68-year-old man with a left lower eyelid basal cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation. Resection was performed under frozen section technique and the defect (inner canthus, two thirds of the lower eyelid and 2.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm of the cheek) reconstructed 2 days after surgery in a single surgical operation: posterior lamella with pericranial graft and anterior lamella with Mustarde flap. After one year of follow-up, the patient has an adequate appearance, good eyelid support and position, vascularized tissue like the native eyelid and no tumour recurrence.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varón de 68 años que acude para valoración de un carcinoma basocelular con diferenciación escamosa en el párpado inferior izquierdo. Se realizó una resección con control de margen de sección congelada y el defecto (canto interno, dos tercios del párpado inferior y 2,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de la mejilla) fue reconstruido 2 días después de la cirugía en un solo acto quirúrgico: la lamela posterior con injerto de pericráneo y la anterior con un flap de Mustardé. Después de un año de seguimiento, el paciente tiene un aspecto aceptable, un buen soporte y posición palpebral, tejido vascularizado como el nativo en el párpado, sin recurrencia del tumor.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Ibáñez-Flores N, Bruzual-Lezama C, Castellar-Cerpa JJ, Fernández-Montalvo L. Reconstrucción de párpado inferior mediante injerto de pericráneo y colgajo de Mustardé. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2019. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2019.04.011">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2019.04.011</span></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 802 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 225384 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(a) Preoperative photograph. (b) The tumoration is composed of an epithelial basaloid cells proliferation which forms nests infiltrating a markedly desmoplastic stroma (HE 100×).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1213 "Ancho" => 1505 "Tamanyo" => 426431 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(a) Defect after tumour excision. (b) Dissection of the pericranium graft. (c) Preoperative defect and incision line. (d) Intraoperative elevation of a Mustardé cheek rotation flap.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 580 "Ancho" => 1255 "Tamanyo" => 167907 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(a) Immediate postoperative appearance. 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