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Could the impact factor be obsolete? Will it be replaced soon by other indexes?
¿Factor de impacto obsoleto? ¿Será sustituido pronto por otros índices?
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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "53" "paginaFinal" => "54" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "F.J. Muñoz-Negrete, G. Rebolleda" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Muñoz-Negrete" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "franciscojmunoz@telefonica.net" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Rebolleda" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "OFTARED, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "¿Factor de impacto obsoleto? ¿Será sustituido pronto por otros índices?" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The impact factor (IF) is the most widely accepted method for assessing the reputation and quality of scientific journals and therefore scientific productivity in the field of health sciences. The IF estimates the citations received by a journal in a specific year in reference to the 2 previous years. Accordingly, in 2019 the citations received by a journal in 2018 and 2017 are estimated and divided by the overall number of articles published by the journal in those 2 years. The denominator only takes into account the articles of the so-called “citation window” which preferably includes original articles, reviews and clinic guides. Lesser articles such as clinic case reports, editorials or letters to the editor are not included in the citation window but if referenced the numerator is increased and therefore the final IF follows suit.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Before obtaining the IF and entering the JCR (Journal Citation Report) database, in addition to being previously indexed in Medline, a previous step must be followed. In 2015 a new database was published for the so-called emerging journals. The ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index) includes at present over 3000 journals which enjoy greater visibility and the ability to access the JCR in less time provided they get a significant growth of citations. Our journal is awaiting approval for said index since 2.5 years ago. After the new sponsorship by Thomson Reuters to Clarivate Analytics, the evaluation period is becoming longer.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, IF has its detractors. The main criticisms and limitations include the predominance of English language journals, artificial increases in numerators with publications that cannot be cited, the greater weight of journals covering general topics in detriment of those focused on specific areas, the advantage for citations of free journals that is an indication of the quality of the journal instead of cited articles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The influence of discipline can be clearly appreciated when comparing in 2017 the IF of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The New England Journal of Medicine</span> (79,528) with that of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Progress in Retinal and Eye Research</span>, the journal that is at the top of the ophthalmology ranking with an IF of 11,653. This is a clear sign of the disadvantage of publishing in journals belonging to our specialty.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The above has given rise to new indices that openly compete in the evaluation of scientific activity. Some of the best known indices are the following.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CiteScore, devised by Scopus, is a new impact indicator of a publication. It appeared in late 2016 and includes over 23,000 journals. CiteScore is free and its calculation is similar to that of IF but increasing the citation period to 3 years. For any specific year it adds up the citations received during the past 3 years and divides the result by the total amount of articles published in the same period, excluding articles in print. The advantage over the previous IF is that it analyzes a longer citation period. In this index, all documents can potentially be cited. For example, editorials or letters to the editor are included in the denominator. It provides an annual calculation that is published in late May although in the course of the entire year monthly trends can be accessed through the CiteScore tracker. In the field of ophthalmology we had 185 journals in 2018 although only 109 had a CiteScore value. Only 2 of said publications are in Spanish, i.e. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología</span> in position 88 with a CiteScore of 0.36, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Mexicana de Oftalmología</span> in position 103 with a CiteScore of 0.08. In this classification, our journal is above the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Journal Française de Ophtalmologie</span> which in 2017 closed the fourth quartile of the JCR. This allows us to be moderately optimistic about the future of our journal.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scopus also provides the SJR (Scimago Journal Rank) which, in addition to analyzing the citations of the past 3 years, gives them a greater weight depending on the quality of the citing journals. This index was developed by Spanish research groups of CSIC, University of Granada, Extremadura, Alcalá de Henares and Carlos III (Madrid). The SJR value obtained by our journal in 2018 was 0.23.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An additional index provided by Scopus is SNIP (Source Normalized Impact Per Paper) which in addition has the potential citation of the scientific field of the journal which facilitates the normalization of data from journals specialized in less quotable scientific fields. This would be an advantage for specific areas like ophthalmology that is less likely to be quoted. In addition, it assesses the promptness of citations by giving more value to articles being cited within a shorter periods of time. The 2018 score for our journal was 0.269.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other less known indices include the Eigenfactor Score (ES), that extends the count of citations to 5 years, eliminates self-quoting and also gives more value to citations in more important journals.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the opposite side we have the immediacy index which only takes into account citations of articles published in the same year, which could indicate greater novelty and innovation as well as arousing greater and immediate interest. Said index can be analyzed in WOK, Scopus and Google Scholar.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is likely however that in a short period of time all these indices will be rendered obsolete because research is disseminated not only through journals. The importance of social media is increasing: Almetrics (other metrics) analyzes repercussion in social media such as Twitter, Facebook and scientific blogs. In this regard, PlumX Metrics takes into account conventional citations in Scopus and also includes other parameters of interest more in accordance with current times such as publication downloads, copies, comments and repercussion in the social media. It is safe to say that the future will follow this path.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">But for the time being, conventional publications such as ours must continue to strive to obtain access to the JCR. Apart from the difficulty of specializing in small dissemination areas such as ophthalmology, we have the disadvantage (which we actually consider as an opportunity) of being published in the Spanish language which facilitates greater dissemination in Spanish-speaking environments. The Ophthalmology Society of Spain has made an effort by sponsoring translation into English in order to increase considerably the dissemination of its journal.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I would like to thank the editorial team, the reviewers and the previous directors of the Journal for their great efforts in the promotion of our journal and trust that we will soon reap the fruits of our labor with the inclusion of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología</span> in ESCI and JCR.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Rebolleda G. ¿Factor de impacto obsoleto? ¿Será sustituido pronto por otros índices? Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020;95:53–54.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Journal impact factor: a bumpy ride in an open space" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Kaldas" 1 => "S. Michael" 2 => "J. Hanna" 3 => "G.M. Yousef" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/jim-2019-001009" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Investig Med" "fecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A user’s guide to inflated and manipulated impact factors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.P.A. Ioannidis" 1 => "B.D. Thombs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/eci.13151" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Invest" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "49" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009500000002/v1_202002061534/S2173579420300049/v1_202002061534/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "82157" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorials" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009500000002/v1_202002061534/S2173579420300049/v1_202002061534/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579420300049?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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